2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题-依文推理定选项课件

第二讲推理判断题——依文推理定选项一、题型特点需了解PART01第一部分[题型分析]推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。[选项特征]

1．正确选项特征

(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。

(2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。

2．干扰选项特征张冠李戴把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意利用原文的内容进行设计，借题发挥，曲解原文意思；有些符合常识，但不符合文意扩缩范围通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度，造成干扰偷梁换柱使用与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，在易被忽视的地方更换单词，造成句意的改变二、方法技巧要知晓PART02第二部分题型一隐含推断题隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)、indicate(象征；暗示)、imply(暗示)、suggest(暗示)、conclude(得出结论)、assume(假定；设想)。[典例1]

(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)

Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.√[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词imply和thelastparagraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“whenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces”以及“However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.”。综合逻辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。第三步：比对选项得出答案。技法点拨：题型二观点态度题此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。[典例2]

(2024·全国甲卷阅读C片段)

Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned，”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31．WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services?A．Appreciative.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Cautious.√[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned”以及“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“veryimpressed”“stayingfocusedandveryconcerned”和“thebestchance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。第三步：比对选项得出答案。技法点拨：题型三写作意图题各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。[典例3]

(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)

GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAI

by

Design:A

Plan

for

Living

with

Artificial

Intelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAI...

AswesooncometolearnfromAI

by

Design，...

AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TorecommendabookonAI.B．TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C．ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D．TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.√[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词theauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。第三步：比对选项得出答案。技法点拨：题型四文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。[典例4]

(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段)

Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Loversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.28．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook.B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum.D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.√[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和takenfrom。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Loversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。第三步：比对选项得出答案。技法点拨：课堂新体验PART03第三部分A

(2024·济宁一模)Bard，Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress，2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantlivingAmericanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自传体的)pieces,includingpublishedandunpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years.体裁主题语境难度说明文坚持目标不放弃★★★☆☆

Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman'slifefromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.Ratherthanamemoir(回忆录),thisenergeticcollectionintegratesherstoriesintocontexts—literary,political,spiritual,familial.

InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook，Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetryfromanearlyage—Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,talkaboutit,becuriousandcritical.”ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsandthesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman'slifeisapleasure.InInterview

with

Poetas，Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook'ssecondsection,shewrote，“Weneedculturalandhumanitarianrevolution.Weneedpoetrytoremindusofthemagicwehavehadthatneedsattendanceandrecharge.”Hervoiceandvisionhaveacollectivewidth.

Waldmaninsistsoncombiningartwithnearlyeveryaspectofherlife.Bard,Kinetic,atallpoints,ahigh-energyconstruct,andatallpoints,anenergy-discharge,putsreadersonthepathtorecognizingpoetryasamentalaid,asanactionthatreachesacrossgeography,species,andtime.Asshewroteinthebook'spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywithadeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary”.ThesearehighaimsthatWaldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.Waldmanshines.Herheartcouldbeourheart.

ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001)，Waldman'spreviouscollectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbookbetter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。1．WhatdoweknowaboutBard,KineticbyWaldman?A．Itisamemoir.B．Itdocumentsherlifeandwork.C．Itisherfirstcollectionofpoems.D．ItistobeissuedbyCoffeeHousePress.√B

细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的工作情况；根据第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的生活和工作情况。2．What'sthepurposeofparagraph3?A．Toaddrelevantbackgroundinformation.B．Tohelpreadersgainpartialinsightintothebook.C．Topersuadereaderstoconductselectivereading.D．TointroduceWaldman'swritingstyles.B

写作意图题。根据第三段内容可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节进行了描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。√3．Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentence“Herheartcouldbeourheart.”inparagraph4?A．Weshouldsticktoourgoals.B．Weshouldlearnpoemsbyheart.C．Weshouldseekfameandwealth.D．Weshouldenjoylifetoourhearts'content.A

句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“Asshewrote...‘keeppushing...totallynecessary’.Thesearehighaims...shines.”可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。由此可推知，画线句指作为读者，应该学习她对目标执着追求的这种精神。√4．What'sthepassage?A．Adiaryentry.

B．Anewsreport.C．Abookreview. D．Anautobiography.C

文章类型题。通读全文可知，本文是关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。√B

(2024·湛江一模)BythetimeItookKickerhome,Iwaslivinginavan(旅居房车),sohewasthrownintovanlifefromdayone.Atthispoint,Iknewhowtomake

himanoutgoingandadaptabledog,andmylifewasfarmoreadventurousthanithadbeen...体裁主题语境难度记叙文作者和小狗的经历★★★☆☆

Rightoutofthegate，Itookhimtoskitouring,whichisalotlikecross-countryskiingbutinwilderterrain.Atfirst,Kickerwouldjuststaynestled(依偎)inmyjacket,butashegotstronger,hewouldrunonhisownforalittlewhilebeforeIcarriedhimagain.

WealsowentonsomewintercampingadventuresinthehighpeaksoftheUintaMountains,andwetriedsnowkiting.HeranaroundwhileIskied.Helearnedtospeed-flyandkiteboard.Onetimehevomited(呕吐)alloverthenewcushionsonmybed.Boy,didthatstaysmellyfordays!Still,livinginavanwithadogwasgreat.Witheachnewday,hegotstrongerandmoreindependent.

IhaddreamedofvisitingAlaskasinceIwasachild,sobeingabletosharethattripwithKickerfeltincredible.There'ssomethingtobesaidaboutsharedexperiencesandhowtheyhelpdevelopastrongbond.Togetherwekayaked,snowmobiled,andevenendedupexploringdeepblueicecavesinWorthingtonGlacier.KickerlearnedtocomesnowboardingwithmeinthemountainsofAlaska.Hewouldhikepartoftheway,andIwouldcarryhimtherest.IwouldalwayslethimrunnexttomeasIboarded,butIusuallyendedupputtinghimonmyshouldersfortherestoftheridedown—hehadgrownfartoobigtofitinmyjacket.

Havingadoghasbeenoneofthemostrewardingthingsinmylife.Forme,it'saboutthetimespenttogetherexploring,sharingexperiences,workingthroughchallengingsituations,snuggling,andultimatelytakingcareofoneanother.【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密的故事。5．WhatwasKickerlikewhenhew