专题04-语法填空(江苏专用)(原卷版)

专题04语法填空【限时集训】冲刺2023年高考英语大题突破（原卷版）语法填空题是全国卷高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考查学生的语法知识水平。（2022·江苏南京·校联考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Hugging’sEvolutionaryOriginsManyofusareeagerforthewarmthofahugnowadays.Humansbiologicallyneedtouch,andagoodlonghugisoneofthebestways___1___(get)it.Ourneedforahuggoesallthewaybacktothe___2___(survive)ofourspecies.Whenwe’reborn,wecan’tcareforourselvesandweneedtobecomfortablewithbeingheldinordertosurvive.We___3___(reward)whenwehaveacomfortablehug.Itis___4___rushoffeel-goodhormones(荷尔蒙)calledoxytocin.Whenwecan’thug,wedon’tgetthosegoodhormones.Wemaynotknow___5___we’regettingfromgreetingourfriendsandfamilywithahug;wejustenjoyit.Itisnotuntilthoseexperiencesaretakenawaythatwefeelpainandsadness.Somepeoplegrowupinmoreformalfamilies___6___huggingisn’tcommon.Othersmayexperienceabusethatmakeshugging___7___(please).___8___bothcases,whenchildrendon’texperiencehealthytouch,theirdevelopmentwillbeaffected.Kidswhodidn’tgrowup___9___(hold)missoutonthatsenseofsafetyandprotection.Theymayactoutorseparatefrom___10___aroundthem.Sometimes,theoppositemayalsobetrue.Somechildrenmayhopeforanyformofpositiveattentionthattheydidn’tgetathome.本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握水平。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要应用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、从前分词)。例：Atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“未来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——tobegiven。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高等的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：Iam——(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”确定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包含基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses．Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea(three).从上下文持续起来懂得，这是一个分马的方案，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才干命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要产生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness)．在这道题中，学生很轻易断定出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有办法应付的。技巧七：固定短语构造。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“熟视无睹”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground，enjoying____，dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0yoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例2：Hisbosswas____angryastofirehim．如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...asto...，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1：Hedidnotdone_____hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those_____wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere．经过察看可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步视察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates．根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表现“由......组成”，所以答案是of。例2：MrsBakerwasill，soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake_____ofher．生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成takecareof。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。例2：Justthen，hesawablackboardin_____ofhim.细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成infrontof，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关系短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool，_____hisfamilywastoopoor．此处表示原因，引导的分句实在是一种说明解释，不是必定的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre．横线处的词与后面可以形成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判定；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考核固定搭配；副词的量仍是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习习用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。例2：OldTom’sgranddaughterusedtovisithim_____Saturdayafternoon．Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不必介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesamework____ZhangWendid，hegotalowerpay______ZhangWen.第一条横线可由前面的thesame断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。例4：Itwasonlyonedayleft，_____，hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，消除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中呈现的相关词。这一招是最为灵巧的，但也是最难的。学生能够依据上下文关联和本人积聚的知识，填入某个已涌现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的处所——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；假如横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例：Tony____travellingabroad，butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV．由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。（A）（2022·江苏苏州·校联考试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Withabouthalfofthevastcountrycoveredinwilderness,Chinaistheworld’sthirdmostspecies-richcountry.Therefore,China’s___1___(achieve)inbiodiversityconservationandwildernessprotectionareimportanttothefutureofglobalbiodiversityconservation.Thevitalbiodiversity,___2___(combine)withalargepopulation,hasledthegovernmenttoreconsideritsprotectedareasystemandtransformsomewildernessareassuchastherainforestinHainan___3___formalnationalparks.Thenewnationalparksystemwillmakeitmorepractical___4___(preserve)habitatsandspecies.Theaimistopreservebiodiversityandensurea___5___(harmony)relationbetweenhumansandnature.ThenationalparkscrossChina’svastecosystems,fromtheHainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkinthesouth___6___theHainangibbon—acriticallyendangeredspecieslive,theGiantPandaNationalPark,theNortheastTigerandLeopardNationalPark,theWuyiMountainNationalParktotheSanjiangyuanNationalParkontheQinghai-TibetPlatau—___7___sourceoftheYellowRiver,theYangtzeRiverandtheLancangRiver.Thediversityofspeciesandhabitatsunderprotection___8___(reflect)intheseparks’names.Thenationalparksareopentoall.Visitorscanmakereservationsonlineinadvance___9___bookonthespot.Theyshouldacquirealittlelocalknowledgetoget___10___(they)readyfortheamazingtripandmaximizetheirenjoyment.（B）（2022·江苏南京·校联考模拟试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThegovernmentsofShanghai,JiangsuandZhejiang____11____(joint)releasedaguidelineonThursday,whichfacilitatesthehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaregion.Itisthesecondsetofpoliciesthegovernments____12____(introduce)toadvancetheintegrateddevelopmentoftheregion.____13____(feature)17detailedmeasures,thenewlyintroducedguidelinetouchesupon10majorareasofinterest,includingtechnologicalinnovation,revitalizingandexploringmodelstorealizecommonprosperity.QingpudistrictinsouthwestShanghai,WujiangdistrictinSuzhouofJiangsuandJiashancountyinnortheastZhejiang____14____(receive)supportinbuildingcross-regionalhigh-techdevelopmentzonessoon.TheintegrateddevelopmentoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaregionwasupdated____15____anationalstrategyinNovember2018toserveChina’s____16____(deep)reformandopening-up.Thefirstsetof22policestoaddressthisstrategywasintroducedinJuly2020.Overthepasttwoyears,atotalof88____17____(system)innovationshavebeenshapedintheregion,of____18____38havebeenpromotednationwide.Morethan100keydevelopmentprojectshavebeenlaunchedhere.Thelocalgovernmentshavesetup____19____10-billion-yuan($1.4billion)specialfiscalfundtobetterimplementthestrategy.Another38.2millionyuaninfiscalbudgetshasbeenprovidedtosupport____20____(company)technologicalinnovation.（C）（2022·江苏盐城·校考模拟试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Canadiansareextremelyenthusiasticaboutrenewableenergy,andpublicopinionis____21____(clear)movingtowardsacleanenergyvisionforthefuture.Butwhenyoulookatthelatestpolls,therearestillsomemajorobstaclestoaggressiveclimateaction.You’veprobablyheardthatmostCanadianswantgovernmentstodomoreonclimate.That’swhattwo-thirdsofthepublictellpollsterswhen____22____(ask).Butthesametwo-thirdswilltellyouthey’reprettysatisfiedandthinkCanadaisdoingadecentjobdealing____23____climatechange.It’snotbecauseCanadiansaren’tworried.Threequartersofthepublicareconcernedandthelevelofworryisrising—halfofusnowdescribeclimatechangeasa“veryseriousthreat.”Butmostpeoplethinkwe’realreadypulling____24____(we)weight.Just25percentofCanadiansthinkwe’redoinglessthanour“fairshare.”Oneofthereally____25____(worry)trendsinpublicopinionisthenumberofpeoplewhothinktacklingclimatechangeisalreadyalostcause.Abouthalfthepublicthinkwewon’tbeabletolimitclimateimpacts“beforeit’stoolate.”Just35percenthave____26____(confident)ingovernmentscreatingpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Andanotherbigobstacleis____27____themajoritydoesn’tyethaveamentalpictureofthepossiblepathwaysforward.____28____thereisgoodnewsinthelatestpublicresearch.Canadians’visionofthefutureisshiftingrapidly.Thereis____29____(mass)supportforrenewableenergy,acrossalldemographicsandacrosspartylines.Meanwhile,supportforfossilfuelexpansion_____30_____(decrease).（D）（2022·江苏南通·统考模拟试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WuMingisayoungGermanbornafter1995.TodigintotraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM),WucametoChina’sHenanprovincein2015,____31____isthehometownofZhangZhongjing,themedicalsage(医圣)ofancientChina,andenjoyedthe____32____(influence)TCMculturethere.He____33____(learn)traditionalChinesemedicinesince2016.Intheearlystages,WualwaystastedsomeChineseherbalmedicine____34____(he).HealsogotoverthelanguagebarrierbylearningandpracticingChinese,especiallytheHenandialect(方言).Althoughsometimeshestillhastrouble____35____(distinguish)betweenPutonghuaandthedialect,hecanusetheHenandialecttocommunicatewithothers.____36____a

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HebelievesdifferentaspectsoftraditionalChinesecultureinteractwitheachother.TakingHuangdiNeijingasanexample,itis____37____(close)connectedwithculturefromYiJingandTaoism,oneoftheancientChinese____38____(philosophy).StudyingTCMalsochangedWu’smindandlifestyle.Heusedtobeaddictedtoelectronicdevicesandstayuplateeverynight,____39____(trap)inanunhealthydailyroutine.Butnow,helivesabalancedandpeacefullife.Healsouses____40____hehaslearnedtohelphisfamily.Withacupuncture,variousphysicaldisordersofhisfamilieshavebeenwell-treated.（E）（2022·江苏苏州·校联考试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AsmanyChinesepeoplecelebratedthenation’s____41____(late)spacewalk,theywerealsothinkingofthe____42____(hero)behindthosegreatachievementsChina’sspaceindustryhasmade.OnSinaWeiboandWeChatMoments,postsaboutDengQingming,a55-year-oldmemberofthePeople’sLiberationArmyAstronautDivision,____43____(increase)sharplysinceChinalauncheditsnewestmannedflight-ShenzhouXIII-toitsTiangongspacestation.CCTValsopublishedashortvideocliponitsvariousmediaplatforms____44____(honor)Deng,sayingheisamodelofperseveranceanddevotion.DengjoinedthePLAAirForceinJune1984andstartedtrainingas____45____pilotataflightcollegeinHebeiprovince.Aftergraduation,hebegantotakepartinthePLAAirForce’sselectionofastronautcandidatesandwasfinallyselectedwith____46____13maleayiators(飞行员).Inthefollowingyears,____47____Denghasdedicatedhimselftotraining,struggling____48____anopportunitytoflyintospace,hehasalwaysbeeninchesawayfromgoodluckandhasyettomakeit.However,justasDengexpected,hisdaughter,DengManqi,was____49____(successful)selectedasamemberofChina’smannedspaceprogramafterhergraduation.Hisdaughteroncesaidtohim,“Dad,youareonlyonestepawayfromfulfillingyourdream.Youmustholdontoit,nomatter_____50_____awaitsyou.（F）（2022·江苏·校联考模拟试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JoanisseandDamen,softwarearchitectsintheUniversityofOttawa,startedConnectedCanadiansin2018.Theyfound____51____rewardingtohelptheseniorsovercometechchallengesintheirlives.Canadianseniorsare____52____(increase)usingnewertechnologies,____53____themajorityowningasmartphoneand____54____（surf）theInternetdaily.Sincemuchofourlifeislivedonline–fromshoppingtodoctors’appointments–apersonwithoutpracticalknowledgetonavigateitcanquicklyfeel____55____(separate).Asurveyshowsthat28percentofseniorsinCanadamakevideocallsontheirsmartphones.JoanisseandDamenwouldliketoseethatnumbergoeven____56____(high).Commonquestionsincludehelpfiguringoutanewphone,solvingprinterproblems,connectingonZoomandsoon.Theorganization’scoaches____57____(grow)fromJoanisseandDamentonearly100activementorsuptonow.OnereasonwhyConnectedCanadianshasbeensosuccessfulis____58____theyencouragetheirmentorstorespectandcareforthesenior.KateOakley,85,____59____nowdevotesmuchofhertimetocreatingartwork,comparesConnectedCanadiansto____60____(go)tothelibrary.“Youhaveaknowledgeablelibrarian,andtheypatientlyguideyoutotherightpath,”saysOakley.“Theydon’tdoitforyou,buttheyhelpyoufixityourself,soyouaren’talwaysdependentonthem.”（G）（2022·江苏南通·统考试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AshleyAlcarazrememberswhenshestartedtoregret___61___(entrust)herinfantdaughterPaysentoanunlicensedin-homedaycarewhenshereturnedtowork.Shefoundoutherdaughterhadbeensleepingonthefloorinahouse___62___dogsandcatsmovedaround,andsheworriedthatolderbabiesmightsteponher.Becauseherrequestthatthebabysleepinacrib___63___(ignore),shepulledPaysenout.Desperatefortrustworthycare,she___64___(enroll)PaysenatTiptonAdaptiveDaycareinTipton,whichwasmoreexpensive,at$640permonth.Itwasworth___65___cost,Alcarazfelt,becauseshecouldtellthestaffcaredaboutherdaughter,___66___(greet)the16-month-oldbynameeachmorning.Affordablechildcareisatonceoneofthemostappealing___67___(promise)ofcontemporaryAmericanlife,andthemostbroken.Ourmoderneconomycouldn’tfunction___68___asystemforthenurturingofouryoungestcitizens.Butforeveryoneexceptthevery___69___(wealth),childcareistooexpensive.In28statesandtheDistrictofColumbia,oneyearofinfantcare,onaverage,setsparentsbackasmuchasayearatfour-yearpubliccollege,and____70____(nation)childcarecostsonaveragebetween$9,000and9600annually.（G）（2022·江苏·模拟试卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaisknownasastateofetiquette(礼仪)andceremonies.Taketheexampleofaninterestingstory.Onceuponatime,amanwentonalongtour____71____(visit)hisfriendwithaswanasagift.Butitescapedfromthecageonthewayandinhisefforttocatchit,hecaughtnothingbutafeather.Whenhisfriendreceivedthisunexpectedgift—theswanfeather,hewas____72____(deep)movedbythesincerity(真诚).Later,thesaying“thegiftisnothingmuch,butitisthethought____73____counts,”wasspreadfarandwide.GiftsareregardedasanimportantparttoshowpolitenessinChina.____74____isappropriatetogivegiftson____75____(occasion)suchasfestivalsandbirthdays.Ifyouareinvited____76____afamilyparty,smallgiftslikewine,teaorcandiesarewelcomed.Alsofruit,cookies,andflowersareasafe____77____(choose).Chineseusedtocuponehandintheotherbeforethechestasasalute(致敬).Thistradition,nowadaysseldom____78____(follow)exceptintheSpringFestival,hasahistoryofmorethan2000years.Shakinghands,whichshouldbefirmandbriefbutnottoostrong,____79____(consider)formalgreetingbehaviorinChina.IfyoufollowtheusualrulesofetiquetteinChina,thereisnoneedtoworryabouttheculturalbarriers,forthewarmandfriendlyChinesewilltrytheirbesttorespectyourcustomswhen_____80_____(communicate).（2022·江苏·校联考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhiteCaneSafetyDayisanobservancecelebratedonOctober14ofeachyearsince1964.ItisadayoftheWhiteCane,atoolthatallowsthevisuallyimpaired(障碍)peopletotravelindependentlyandget___11___(identify)easily.TheWhiteCane___12___(introduce)byanAmericanmancalledGeorgeA．Bonham.Oneday,hewatchedamanwhowasblind___13___(attempt)tocrossastreet.Theman’scanewasblackandmotoristscouldn’tseeit,soBonhamproposedpaintingthecanewhitewitharedstripetomakeitmorenoticeable.Theideaquickly___14___(catch)onaroundtheU.S.,makingtheWhiteCaneanimportanttoolforblindpeopletomove___15___(safe).Today,thereareabout17,000,000peoplewithvisualimpairmentinChina,over8,000,000of___16___areblind.Itisimportantthatpeopleraiseawarenessoftheir___17___(exist)andhelp,improvetheirlivingconditions.ModernWhiteCanesarebecomingmoreandmorelightweightandhigh-tech,makingit___18___(easy)forthemtotravelindependently.___19___itusuallytakesmoreeffortforthemtoreceiveeducationandpursuecareers.Therefore,itisimportantthatthewholesocietyhelpcreate____20____barrier-freeenvironmentforthem.（2022·江苏·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheclassicalgardensofSuzhou,Jiangsuprovince,datebacktothe6thcentury___21___thecitywasfounded___22___thecapitaloftheWuKingdom.Today,morethan50ofthesegardensarestillin___23___(exist),nineofwhichareregardedasthefinestembodiments(化身)ofChinese“MountainandWater”gardens.Builtinthe11thcenturyonthesiteofan___24___(early)destroyedgarden,CanglangPavilionhasthelongesthistoryamongalltheexistingclassicalgardensinSuzhou.Naturally___25___(lay)outandwelldesigned,itiscalledoneofthefourbestgardensinSuzhou.Thegardenlookssimplebutnatural.Withoutcomplex___26___(decorate),itcombinesbuildingswithscenerysowell___27___thewholegardenappearstobenaturallyendowed(赋予).Sincemanyofthe___28___(origin)featuresofthe