2023届河北省保定市高三一模英语试题（含听力）（解析版）

2023年高三第一次模拟考试

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写

在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.

B.£9.18.

C.£9.15.

答案是C。

I.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatwillthemanprobablydothisweekend?

A.Climbmountains.

B.Haveapicnic.

C.Seehisgrandparents.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?

W:Iftheweatherisfine,Tilclimbmountainsorhaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Howaboutyou?

M:I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparentswithmyaunt.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WheredoesBillworknow?

A.Inasupermarket.

B.Inagarage.

C.hiarestaurant.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Ihaven'tseenyouatthesupermarketfbrawhile,Bill.

M:Ileftlastmonth.Ifinishedmymechanicscourse.I'mworkingatthecarrepairshopnexttotheItalian

restaurant.Youcanbringyourcarherenextlimeyouhaveaproblem.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatistherelationshipbetween(hespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.

B.Schoolfriends.

C.Fellowworkers.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Now,iftherearcnomorequestions,let'smoveontothenextchapter.

M:Excuseme,professor-couldwcgooverthatlastpointoncemore?

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Howdocsthewomanfeelaboutthemeal?

A.Greatlysatisfied.

B.Abitdissatisfied.

C.Terriblydisappointed.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Iseverythingtoyoursatisfaction,ma'am?

W:Yes,allthefoodisdeliciousexceptthatthereistoomuchsaltinthesoup.Andyourserviceisalsoverygood.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhydoesAmbercallMike?

A.Toaskafavor.

B.Torentanapartment.

C.Tofindhimaroommate.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Hello,Mike.ThisisAmber.Ihearthatyou,relookingforanapartment,andmybrotherJackjust

rentedatwo-bedroomdowntown.Heislookingforasuitableroommate.

M:Great.Tmlookingfbraplacerightinthatarea.Thatsoundsideal.

第二节（共15小题海小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后,

各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面•段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，清去附件杳看】

6.Whatarcthespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Howtostartaspeech.

B.Howtobehaveinpublic.

C.Howtoconnectwithpeople.

7.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardstheman'ssuggestion?

A.Supportive.

B.Doubtful.

C.Disapproving.

【答案】6.A7.C

【解析】

【原文】W:1wouldliketobeginmythank-youspeechbysaying"1wanttowhole-heartedlythankthosewho

stuckwithmealongtheway.”

M:Yoifrcnotgoingtostartyourspeechwiththatboringopening,areyou?

W:Ithinkit'saniceopening.

M:It'stooformal.Howabout“HeyEmily,you'retotallyawesome.AndTania,you'reabsolutelyamazing.”？

W:Thatdoesn'tevencomeclosetoexpressinghowIfeel.Iwanttothankpeoplefbrtheirkindnessandsupport

fromthebottomofmyheart.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，清去附件查看】

8.Howoftendoes(hemanrun?

A.Twiceaweek.

B.Fourdaysaweek.

C.Everyday.

9.Whicheventis(hemangoodat?

A.Shortdistance.

B.Middledistance.

C.Longdistance.

10.Howfastcanthemanruntheeventnow?

A.In3minutesand47seconds.

B.Within4minutes.

C.Inabout6minutes.

【答案】8.B9.B10.B

【解析】

【原文】W:We'vebeenrunningthelastcoupleofdaysandyou'reafastrunner.Howoftendoyourun?

M:Well,nowIonlyrunaboutfourdaysaweek.ButwhenIwasyounger,everyday.

W:Oh,really!Didyouruninhighschoolorcollege?

M:Believeitornot,Istartedwhen1wassixyearsold.

W:Wow.Soareyouabettershortdistancerunnerorlongdistancerunner?

M:Actuallymiddledistancerunner.

W:Howfarisamiddledistance?

M:About1,50()meters.

W:What'syourfastesttimeinthe1.500meters?

M:Ah,threeminutesandforty-sevenseconds.

W:That'sprettyfast.

M:IdidthatinhighschoolandIwonagoldmedalthen.ThoughI'mnotsofastnow,stillIcanruntheevent

withinfourminutes.

W:That'sprettycool.Mytimewillbeaboutsixminutes.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，清去附件查看】

11.Whydoesthewomanwanttoplantvegetables?

A.Tosavemoney.

B.Tosellfreshfood.

C.Totryanewhobby.

12.Whatis(hemanconcernedabout?

A.Thelackofgardeningskills.

B.Thelimitedroomforgardening.

C.Thetimetocleanthebackyard.

13.Whatwill(heydonext?

A.Purchasesomeseeds.

B.Checkoutawebsite.

C.Askneighborsfbrhelp.

【答案】1LC12.A13.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Haveyoueverconsideredstartingavegetablegardeninourbackyard,darling?

M:11mm,I'mnotsure.What'sthepoint?Wccanjustbuyvegetablesatthesupermarket.

W:Well.Ithinkitwouldbeadelightfulhobbyforustodotogether.Besides,wewouldhavefresh,organic

produce.

M:That'savalidpoint.Itcouldalsosavemoneyongroceriesandhelpusstayhealthy.ButI'mconcernedabout

thetimeandeffortitwouldtaketomaintainthegarden.Andwhatifwcdon'thaveagreenthumb?

W:Don'tworry,wecanstartsmallandlearnasweprogress.Additionally,wehaveaccesstoawealthofonline

resourcesandhelpfulneighborswhocanhelpus.

M:Alright,I'mwillingtogiveitago.Whatshouldweplantfirst?

W:Howaboutsomecasy-to-growvegetablesliketomatoesandpeppers?Andwccanalsoplantsonicherbs.

M:Soundsgood.Let'shituptheshopfbrsomeseedsnow.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，清去附件查看】

14.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Attendingalecture.

B.Conductinganinterview.

C.Holdingapressconference.

15.Whathasthewomanbeenplanningtodo?

A.Takephotographyclassesinanartschool.

B.Workasaphotographerinthefuture.

C.Domultiplejobsatthesametime.

16.WhatdoesaNationalGeographickindofphotographerdo?

A.Developphotosofdifferentcolorsandsizes.

B.Hostphotographicexhibitionstomakemoney.

C.Presentgeographicfeaturesbyphotographinginvariousplaces.

17.Whatisthemostimportantthingforcommercialshooting?

A.Tofollowsomesetroutines.

B.Tosatisfytheneedsofcustomers.

C.Toexpressthevoicesofsomepeople.

【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Marina.CanIaskafewqucsdons?

W:Yes,sure,goahead.

M:Asaphotographer,youarcquitesuccessful.Canyoutellmewhocanbecomeaphotographer?

W:Anyonecanbecomeaphotographer,aslongasyouwantit.It'snotlikeyouneedadegreeorcertificateor

anything.Yes,TvcbeenplanningtotakephotographyclassesinanartschoolintheUK,butbeforethis,I'd

alreadybeenworkingasaphotographerforyears—Istartedbyusingmyphoneinjuniorhigh.Someofmy

phetographerfriendsdootherjobsatthesametime—theyarcmusicmakers,vloggersanddirectors.

M:Whatdoesaphotographerusuallydo?

W:Therearcdifferentkindsofphotographersandourlivesandworkcanbequitedifferent,too.ANational

Geographickindofphotographermaytraveltodifferentplaces,takingphotosofarchitecture,landscapesand

animals.Butfashionphotographerslikeme,mainlydotwothings—commercialshootsandourowncreative

projects.Theformerisformakingmoneyandofferingservicetocustomers.Thelatterisforexpression—wepost

thesephotosonourownsocialmedia,submitthemtomediaoutletsandcontests,orhostphotographicexhibitions

toshowthemoff.

M:Whatmakesagoodphotographer?

W:Forcommercialshooting,therearesomeroutinesthatwecanfollowandthemostimportantthingistomeetthe

needsofourcustomers.ForourOWEshoots,whatmattersmostisthatyouhavesomethingthatyouwantto

express,andthesethingscanbereceivedorunderstoodbyacertaingroupofpeoplewhothinksimilarly.

M:Thanksforhavinggiventheinterview.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18.WhendidMozartbegintocomposemusic?

A.Attheageoffour.

B.Attheageoffive.

C.Inhisearlyteens.

19.WherewasMozart'sfirstmajoroperaperformed?

A.InMilan.

B.InVienna.

C.InSalzburg.

20.WhatdidMozartdowhenhestoppedperforming?

A.liedidbusiness.

B.Hetaughtforaliving.

C.Hecomposedmusic.

【答案】18.B19.A20.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Mozartwasanoutstandingmusicianandcomposerwhosefamecontinuestogrowmorethan

twocenturiesafterhisdeath.HewasborninSalzburg,Austria,in1756.Beforetheageoftour,hehadshowngreat

musicaltalent.Hisfatherthendecidedtolethimstarttakinginstrumentallessons.Theboy'sreputationasa

musicaltalentgrewfast.Atfive,hewascomposingmusic.Fromthattimeon,Mozartwasperforminginconcerts

andwritingmusic.Byhisearlyteens,hehadmasteredthepianoandviolin,andwaswritingsymphoniesand

operas.HisfirstmajoroperawasperformedinMilanin1770,whenhewasonlyfourteen.Atfifteen,Mozart

becametheconductorforanorchestrainSalzburg.In1781,heleftfcrVienna,wherehewasingreatdemandas

bothaperformerandacompositionteacher.Hisfirstoperawasasuccess.Butlifewasnoteasybecausehewasa

poorbusinessman,andhisfinanceswerealwaysinabadstate.Hismusicfromthenextdecadewasnotvery

popular,andheeventuallyfellbackonhisteachingjobsforaliving.In1788hestoppedperforminginpublic,

preferringonlytocompose.Hediedin1791attheageofthirty-five.Althoughhelivedonlyashortlife,he

composedover600works.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Tolivebetterandbehealthier,havinghelpfulappsforsmartdevicescanbeofgreatbenefit.

Lifesum

Theappofferspersonalizeddietary（饮食的）andfitnessguidanceforeveryone.Itnotonlyallowsusersto

tracktheirweight,height,gender,ar.dfitnessgoalsbutalsoprovidesmicrotrackingforthosewithspecialized

dietaryrequirements.Thefoodandexercisetrackingareaccessibleforfree,aswellassocialfeatures.Everything

elserequiressubscriptionspaidfbrthree,six,ortwelvemonthsatatimeinadvance.

HomeWorkout

Thishealthappprovidesworkoutsyoucandoathomewithnoequipment.Rangingfromwarm-ups,

stretching,weighttrainingandstrengthtraining,itprovidesvideoandanimationguides,chartsandtrackingtohelp

beginners.Withthisapp,youwon,tneedtospendafortuneonexercisecquipincnt-justadownloadbuttonanda

feuextraminutesfbryourdailyfitnessexercises.

Headspace

Thismeditationappoffersvariousguidedmeditationstorelieveyourstressandanxiety,emergencySOS

sessionsforcalmingneedsandvariousprogramsaccordingtoyourindividualrequirement.Itevensendsyouthe

occasionalmessagetellingyoutocalmdownandbreathealittlebit.Withafree10-daytrialandtwofee-based

subscriptionchoices:512.99permonthand$69.99peryear.

TickTick

TickTickisagreatto-dolistappwhichhelpsuserstorememberoccasionssuchasdoctor^appointments,

takingmedicinesorbuyingproteinshakes.Itissuitableforworkandhometasks.Itevenallowsuserstosharetheir

categoriesandtaskswithothers.Thoughnotahealthappexactly,it'sdefinitelyhelpfulfbrhealthreasons.Thefree

versionoffersallfeaturesanduptotworeminderspertask,whilemorethanthatcostsextra$27.99peryear.

21.Whichappoffersdietaryguidance?

A.Lifesum.

B.HomeWorkout.

C.Headspace.

D.TickTick.

22.WhatisthebenefitofusingHeadspace?

A.Boostingyourpassiontoworkout.

B.Developingahealthiereatinghabit.

C.Helpingrelieveyourstressandanxiety.

D.Havingaccesstodiverseprograms.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocomparethefunctionsofhealthapps.

B.Tointroducesomehelpfulhealthapps.

C.Toleachreadershowtosubscribeapps.

D.Toguidereaderstouseappsforfree.

【答案】21.A22.C23.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款有用的应用程序及其功能。

（21题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Lifesun】”中第一句"Theappofferspersonalizeddietary（饮食的）andfitnessguidancefor

everyone.（该应用程序针对每一个人提供个性化饮食和健康指导）”可知，Lifesum能提供饮食指导。故选A

项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Headspacen中第一句"Thismeditationappoffersvariousguidedmeditationstorelieve

yourstressandanxiety,emergencySOSsessionsforcalmingneedsandvariousprogramsaccordingtoyour

individualrequirement.（这个冥想应用程序提供各种引导冥想，以缓解你的压力和焦虑，根据你的个人需求

提供紧急SOS会议和各种项目）”可知，该应用程序可以缓解压力和焦虑。故选C项。

[23题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Tolivebetterandbehealthier,havinghelpfulappsforsmartdevicescanbeofgreat

benefit为智能设备安装有用的应用程序有极大的好处，能够使生活更美好更健康）”并结合下文对四款应

用程序的介绍可推知，本文的目的是介绍一些有用的健康应用程序。故选B项。

B

TherewasauniquerestaurantinLondonthatbeatoutthousancsofstylishrestaurantstoearnthetopranking

onthepopularTripAdvisor,despitenotexisting.

ThetalebeganwithabeliefthatOobahButlerhaddevelopedafterapart-timejobwritingfake(虚假

的)TripAdvisorreviewsforrestaurants:Thesitewasa4tfalscreality”,despitemillionsofgenuinereviews.He

decidedtoseehowfarhecouldtakeafakerestaurantonthesiteso“TheShedatDulwich“wasborn.Butlercreated

awebpagewithamenubasedonemotionsandattractivephotographsofdishes.Healsolisteditslocationasthe

streethelivedonwithnoaddress,callingitan''appointment-onlyrestaurant"，toavoidbeingattackedbyfact—

checkers.

TheShedwasunexpectedlyapprovedbyTripAdvisortobelistedinMay,startingoutasthe18,149th-ranked

restaurantin(hecity:deadlast.Buderbeganhavingfamilyandfriendsfloodthesitewithfakereviews.**Spenta

weekendinLondonandheardthatthisplaceisamust-visit/'onewrote.uAfterafewmildlyfrustratingphonecalls

Iwasin.^^Soonthecustomersstartedcalling.uWe7efullybooked,“Butlertoldthewould-bediners.However,the

restaurant'sreputationstartedtogrowinTripAdvisor'srankings.SoniccompaniesusedanestimatedlocationofThe

ShedonGoogletosendfreesamples(oBuller,expecting(oworkv/i(hhim.InNovember,Butlerreceivedanote

fromTripAdvisorsayingTheShedhadbecometheNo.lrankedrestaurantinLondon!

Butlerthoughtitwastimetoexposethetrick.Thestoryhasbeenpraisedasanincredible能at(事迹).However,

inanerathatisincreasinglybeinginfluencedbyallofthedisinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoserved

asanotherreminderoftheeasewithwhichdishonestactorsareabletohandleonlineplatformstosometimes

unthinkableresults.

24.WhatdoesOobahButlerthinkofTripAdvisor?

A.Itisareliableinformationsource.

B.Itcreatesafalsesenseofreality.

C.ithastoomanygenuinereviews.

D.Itisausefultoolforhispart-timejob.

25.HowwasTheShedrankedtheNo.lrestaurant?

A.Byofferingdiscountsandspecialdeals.

B.Bysendingfreesamplestocustomers.

C.Bygettingaspecificlocationongoogle.

D.Byfloodingthesitewithfakereviews.

26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Butlerearnedpeople'strust.

B.Falseinformationcanbedisastrous.

C.Onlineinformationisthreateningoursafety.

D.Onlineplatformsaretotallyunreliablenow.

27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?

A.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.

B.Wellbeganishalfdone.

C.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅，经过网上虚假的评论后，成

为TripAdvisor网排名第一的餐厅。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThetalebeganwithabeliefthatOobahButlerhaddevelopedafterapart-timejob

writingfake（虚假的）TripAdvisorreviewsforrestaurants:Thesitewasat4falscreality”,despitemillionsofgenuine

reviews/故事开始时，人们认为欧巴・巴特勒（OobahButler）是在一个猫途鹰上为餐馆写假评论的兼职工作后

发展起来的：该网站是一个“虚假的现实”，尽管有数百万条真实的评论。）”可知，OobahButler认为

TripAdvisor这个网站提供了一个虚假的真实感。故选B项。

[25题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Butlerbeganhavingfamilyandfriendsfloodthesitewithfakereviews.

“SpentaweekendinLondonandheardthatthisplaceisamust-visit,“onewrote."Afterafewmildlyfrustrating

phenecallsIwasin.^^Soonthecustomersstartedcalling."Wc'rcfullybooked,“Butlertoldthewould-be

diners.（Butler开始让家人和朋友在网站上发布虚假评论。“在伦敦度过了一个周末，听说这个地方是必去

之地，”一个人写道。“在打了几个有点沮丧的电话后，我就进去了。”很快，顾客们开始打电话来。“我

们已经订满了，”巴特勒告诉想要来用餐的人。）”可知，Buile:"让他的家人和朋友开始在网上发布假的评

论，进而引发了很多人都信以为真，很快这家餐厅的声誉在猫途鹰的排名中开始上升，由此可知，TheShed

飙升至排名第一位是整个网上充斥着虚假评论的结果。故选D项。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,inanerathatisincreasinglybeinginfluencedbyallofthe

disinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoservedasanotherreminderoftheeasewithwhichdishonestactors

areabletohandleonlineplatformstosometimesunthinkableresults.1；然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信

息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。）”

可知，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果，由此可推断，虚假信息可能是

灾难性的。故选B项。

【27题详解】

主旨大意题。结合本文讲述的关于TheShed的案例以及最后一段中的“However,inanerathatisincreasingly

beinginfluencedbyallofthedisinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoservedasanotherreminderofthe

easewithwhichdishonestactorsareabletohandleonlineplatformslosometimesunthinkableresults.（然而，在一

个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平

台，有时产牛不可想象的结果。）"诃知，在・一个受网络虚假信息影响的时代，被不诚实的人利用在线平台

会产生不可想象的结果，由此可知，在这个信息时代了，不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评

论，也就是没有调查就没有发言权。故选A项。

C

it'sunlikelythatwc'Hseeadodo,aflightlessbird,walkingthisearthanytimeagain,accordingtoBeth

Shapiro,aevolutionarymolecularbiologist.

“Whenmostpeoplethinkabou:dc-cxtinction,they'reimaginingcloning,nShapirosaid.Cloning,the

approachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,createsan

identicalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhichthe

nucleus（细胞核）hasbeenremovedAdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.Egg

cellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcellsskin,organs,bloodand

bonestheanimalneeds.

“Butnolivingcellsfromdodosexist.Instead/7Shapirosaid,"you'dhavetostartwithacloselyrelated

animal'sgenome（基因组）andthenchangeitintoonesimilartododos."Forexample,mammoths（猛鸡）are

alsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelatedtomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobring

mammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatingahybridmammothwithsomemammothgenesreplacingpartofthe

elephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthe

genomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammothaccordingtoShapiro.

Asforthedodo,itsclosestlivingrelativeistheNicobarpigeon.MammothsandAsianelephantsarepretty

closelyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssincethedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadany

commonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,makingita

formidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.

Evenifscientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwheretheyoncelivedisaveiydifferentplace

nowadays,whichmakeitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorintervention.

28.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThespecialroleofDNA.

B.Theprocessofcloning.

C.Thedevelopmentofcloning.

D.Thecomplexityofcloning.

29.WhatdoesShapirowanttoshowbytheexampleofmammoths?

A.Dodosarehardertobringbacktclife.

B.Theirlivingcellsarehardtopreserve.

C.Cloningcanbeusedtorecreateextinctanimals.

D.TheyshareasimilargenomewithAsianelephants.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“fbrmidablc”meaninParagraph4?

A.Urgent.

B.Possible.

C.Tough.

D.Different.

31.WhatisShapiro'sattitudetowardstherebirthofdodos?

A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Objective.

D.Negative.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了进化分子生物学家贝丝・夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。

【28题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段中"'Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutde-extinction,they'reimaginingcloning/Shapiro

said.Cloning,theapproachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,

createsanidenticalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhich

thenucleus（细胞核）hasbeenremoved.AdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.Egg

cellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcells-skin,organs,bloodandbones-the

animalneeds.（夏皮罗说，当大多数人想到灭绝灭绝时，他们想象的是克隆。克隆技术在1996年创造了多利

羊，在2020年创造了黑脚雪貂伊丽莎白・安，它通过将一个活的成年细胞的DNA放入一个细胞核被去除的

卵细胞中，创造了一个完全相同的个体遗传副本。成年细胞含有发育成活的动物所需的所有DNA。然后，

卵细胞利用这些DNA作为蓝图，将自己转变成动物所需的多种细胞——皮肤、器官、血液和骨骼）”可知，

第二段主要介绍了克隆的步骤。故选B项。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Forexample,inaminoths（猛狗）arcalsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelated

tomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobringmammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatinga

hybridmammothwithsomemammethgenesreplacingpartoftheelephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,

therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthegenomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammoth

accordingtoShapiro.（例如，猛鸡象也已经灭绝，但它们与现代亚洲象的亲缘关系非常密切，因此研究人员试

图通过创造一种杂交猛玛象，用一些猛鸡象的基因取代大象卵细胞中的部分大象基因组，使猛鸡象从灭绝

中复活。然而，根据夏皮罗的说法，亚洲象和猛鸡象的基因组之间可能有数百万个基因差异）”可知，猛吗

象和亚洲象虽然亲缘关系非常密切，但要利用亚洲象来复活猛犯象也是非常困难的，结合第二段中

MammothsandAsianelephantsareprettycloselyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssince

thedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadanycommonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarc

thereforemuchgreater（猛鸡象和亚洲象的亲缘关系非常近，而渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子在2000多万年后才有了

共同的祖先。因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）”可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子的差异远比猛鸡象

和亚洲象的差异大得多，所以复活难度会更大。由此推知，夏反罗想通过猛鸡象的例子说明渡渡鸟很难复

活。故选A项。

【30题详解】

词句猜测题。根据上文“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreatei•（因此，这两

种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）”可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子差异非常大，由此推知，复活渡渡鸟是艰巨

的任务，划线词与tough意思相近，意为“艰难的”。故选C项。

[31题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,making

itaformidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.（夏皮罗说，因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗

传差异要大得多，这使得在实验室中创造一个成功的杂交物种成为一项艰巨的任务）”和第五段中“Evenif

scientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwhere（heyoncelivedisaverydifferentplacenowadays,which

makeitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorinterveniion.（即使科学家们设法把渡渡鸟带回来，它们曾

经生活的岛屿现在已经是一个非常不同的地方，这使得在没有重大干预的情况下不可能重新引入渡渡鸟）”

可推知，夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。故选D项。

D

Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentis

centeredonthequestionastowhetheriiisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.

Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringthe

organism'slife.Naturedoesnoijustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffectthe

expressionofgenesinoffspring（后f弋）.FortheGeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedby

genetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes（基因）determinesone's

personality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonality

development.

Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedto

humanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellas：hekindof

surroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.

Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiate

howmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson'sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansarcinfluencedbyone's

environment.

Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone'spersonality,nature

dramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthe

developmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecause

ofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseat

theveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarily

causingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegenetic

characteristicsofaperson,itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureis:hatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofa

person.

32.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?

A.Nature'sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.

B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.

C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.

D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.

33.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.

B.Howliving（hingsdevelopafterbirth.

C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.

D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.

34.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?

A.Bygiving