Unit-4-Space-Exploration-高一英语单元词汇、句型、语法、题型完美精练

Unit4SpaceExplorationPartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词1.____________n.宇航员；太空人2.____________n.重力；引力3.____________n.人造卫星；卫星4.____________vt.&n.发射；发起；上市5.____________n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望6.____________vt.回收利用；再利用7.____________n.肌肉；实力；影响力8.____________n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏9.____________vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流10.____________adv.否则；要不然11.____________prep.在更远处；超出12.____________adj.热衷的；渴望的13.____________adj.致命的；灾难性的14.____________adj.肤浅的；浅的15.____________n.资源；财力；物力16.____________vt.系；绑；贴III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词1.mentaladj.精神的；思想的→____________adv.精神上，智力上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→____________n.智慧，智力3.determinevt.查明；确定；决定→____________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→____________n.决心4.disappointvt.使失望→____________adj.失望的；沮丧的→____________n.失望→____________adj.令人失望的5.independentadj.独立的；自立的→____________adv.独立地；自立地→____________n.独立6.globen.地球；世界；地球仪→____________adj.全球的7.arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→____________n.争论；争吵；论点8.analysevt.分析，解析→____________n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果9.regularadj.定期的；经常的；正常的→____________adv.经常；定期地10.limitvt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→____________adj.有限的→____________adj.无限的IV.重点短语英汉互译(i)课内基础达标1.____________继续做，坚持干2.____________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3.____________抱着……的希望4.____________为了；以便5.____________提供某人生活所需；供养某人6.____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白7.____________最后8.promotetechnologicalimprovement____________9.thesecretsoftheuniverse____________10.ashallowview____________11.resultin____________12.runout____________(ii)课外拓展延伸1.____________下定决心做某事2.____________使某人感到(非常)失望的是3.____________示意某人做某事4.____________因缺乏……5.____________认为……非常有意义6.giveout____________7.resultfrom____________8.goonboard____________9.arguefor/againststh____________10.beyondexpectation____________V.经典句式过关练(i)课内基础达标——补全句子1.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。(makesb＋adj.)Thesedisasters________________________,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.2.把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj./n.＋todosth)Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystem________________________.3.睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。(状语从句的省略)____________,theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.4.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。(不定式作后置定语)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961，YuriGagarin________________________.(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。(disappointment)Asthetwins________________________,theirfatherappeared.2.年轻人追求更好生活的愿望更强烈，也更善于利用互联网寻找商机。(desire)Youngpeople________________________andaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.3.在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。(runout)Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantas________________________.4.由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。(lack)________________________,thenumberofYangtzeFinlessPorpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.PartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannot________(recycle).2.Itis________(universe)acknowledgedthatwealthdoesn’tnecessarilymeanhappiness.3.ThereisnodenyingthatChina’seconomyplaysanimportantroleinthe________(globe)economy.4.Weprefertodescribeemotional________(intelligent)asaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.5.Weheadedtothebar,________(signal)tothegirlthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign________(launch)bythecompany.6.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,________(independent),confidenceandcompetence.7.________(limit)thoughtimewas,theymanagedtoachievemuchaftertakingaseriesofmeasures.8.Bytakingexercise________(regular),Ihavegrownhealthynotonlyphysically,butalsomentally(mental)inthepastfewyears.II.固定用法练1.Ithasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeen________anythingthatisChinese.2.Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewas________ourrange,sowedeclined.3.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.4.Wemustcarry________tillsuccessinspiteofvariouschallengesanddifficulties.5.Mary,mybestfriend,isoneofthestudentswho________(choose)toattendtheinternationalmeetingonbehalfofourcountry.6.Inaword,IcanintroduceChinesepaintingtoourguestswhile________(offer)themguidance.7.Researchhasshownthathavingapreferenceforjunkfoodcanresult________obesity.8.________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.PartThree高考题型强化练I.阅读理解AHaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,JanuaryandFebruary?There’salinkbetweencoldairandthenightlights.“Partofthereasonisthatittendstobedrierinthewinter,”saidDianeTurnshek,anastronomeratCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Eventhoughit’sinvisible,moisture(水分)canchangethewaylightmovesthroughtheair.Andinthesummer,moisturecanmakestarsappearmoredull.Airtemperatureisalsowhatputsthetwinkleinthelittlestars.“Evenonveryclearnights,someoftheatmosphereiscooler,andsomeoftheatmosphereiswarmer,”saidTurnshek,whoalsoworkswiththeAlleghenyObservatory.Andwhenthelightfromastarpassesthroughthosebubblesofvaryingtemperatures,theybendandshiftthelight,sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle,shesaid.ForstarloversintheUnitedStates,there’sanotherfactorthatcomesintoplayforbrightwinterstars,althoughthisisamatterofcoincidence.DuringEarth’sjourneyaroundthesun,“therearejustsimplymorebrightstarsvisiblefromtheNorthernHemisphereinthewintersky,”Turnsheksaid.Ifyoureallywanttoseeashinystar,justtrytofindaburningballofgascalledSiriusnearthehorizon.At8.6lightyearsaway,SiriusisrelativelyclosetoEarthandthebrighteststarvisibleinthenightsky.Itisalsolarge—nearlytwiceasbigasoursunand20timesasbrightasit.Sothiswinter,whentheworldturnscoldanditseemslikeweshouldbespendingmoretimeindoors,consideraskinganadulttogoexploringoutside.Withawarmcoatandaclearsky,anynightcanbeturnedintoatreasurehunt.Allyouhavetodoislookup.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dull”inParagraph1probablymean?A.notshiny B.notexcitingC.notsevere D.notsmart2.Howdoesairtemperatureinfluencethebrightnessofstars?A.Bychangingthebubblesaroundthem.B.Byputtingthetwinkleinthem.C.Byvaryingthedirectionofthelightfromthem.D.Bymakingthestarsdanceandtwinkleinthesky.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSirius?A.Itcanbefoundatanynight.B.Itis20timesasbrightasthesun.C.Itisaburninganddullball.D.ItisclosertoEarththanotherstars.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvocatestargazinginwinter.B.Tocallonpeopletofocusonstars.C.Topresentnewresearchresultsaboutstars.D.Toexplainwhystarsaremorevisibleinwinter.BA293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探测器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency’sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet’sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds，whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy’sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA’sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe’lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(样本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5.WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A.Thespeedreduction.B.Theatmosphereanalysis.C.Thelocationsearch.D.Thetimemanagement.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot. B.Thearea.C.Thesystem. D.Thesurface.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze’swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.完形填空MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity.Neitherofmy__1__hadmadeitpastmiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus.__2__,mostofmypeerscamefromgenerationsofcollege-educatedfamilyandhadgrownupin__3__suburbs.Insteadof__4__withothershowIwasfeeling,IisolatedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughitifIjustfocusedon__5__.Duringtheweeksleadinguptomysophomoreyearwinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwould__6__.Fortunately，thatwasn’tthe__7__ofthestory.Ifoundstrengthandguidancetocontinuethroughtograduation.Socialandpsychologicalcounselinggavemespacetoprocessmy__8__.Volunteeringworkprovidedmeaconsistentreminderfor__9__Iwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudentswho__10__mesomuchofmyownfriendsbackhomeinspiredmetobe__11__toworkingforaccesstohighereducationforlow-incomeyouth.I__12__gotinvolvedwithasummerinternshipprogram,whereIcooperatedwithsomestudentleaderstostartaconferenceto__13__aboutissuesofrace.Knowledgeisempowering.Ireadbooksand__14__chosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopicsrelatedtorace.Mostimportantly,IwasempoweredwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkforjusticeand__15__.1.A.brothers B.grandparentsC.parents D.sisters2.A.Bycontrast B.InrealityC.Asaresult D.Inbrief3.A.white B.blackC.poor D.new4.A.quarreling B.sharingC.comparing D.negotiating5.A.researching B.exercisingC.studying D.uniting6.A.letout B.leaveoutC.giveout D.dropout7.A.end B.startC.plot D.climax8.A.temper B.courageC.emotion D.awareness9.A.when B.whyC.how D.what10.A.informed B.remindedC.convinced D.expected11.A.reduced B.limitedC.accustomed D.committed12.A.also B.stillC.ever D.again13.A.dialogue B.chatC.joke D.protest14.A.desperately B.carefullyC.intentionally D.sensitively15.A.prejudice B.equalityC.freedom D.discriminationⅢ.语法填空Aftertraveling1._________spaceforsevenmonths，China’sTianwen-1probe(探测器)hasreachedMarsand2._________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021，accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13._______theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5._________(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry’sfirst6._________(independence)Marsmission(任务),waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7._________(large)launchvehicleinChina，fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8._________(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9._________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting，landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars’UtopiaPlanitia10._________(conduct)scientificsurveys.答案部分PartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词1.太阳的；太阳能的2.宇宙；天地万物3.巨大的；伟大的;巨人；巨兽；伟人4.氧；氧气5.监视器；监测仪;监视；监测；监控6.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处7.传输；发送8.资料；数据9.航天器；宇宙飞船10.前的；现在的;水流；电流；思潮11.足够的；充足的12.设施；设备13.模式；图案；模范14.高端的II.核心四会词1.astronaut2.gravity3.satellite4.launch5.desire6.recycle7.muscle8.lack9.float10.otherwise11.beyond12.keen13.fatal14.shallow15.resource16.attachIII.拓展延伸词1.mentally2.intelligence3.Determined;determination4.disappointed;disappointment;disappointing5.independently;independence6.global7.argument8.analysis9.regularly10.limited;limitlessIV.重点短语英汉互译(i)1.carryon2.onboard3.inthehopeofdoingsth4.soasto(dosth)5.provideforsb6.figureout7.inclosing8.促进技术进步9.宇宙的秘密10.一个肤浅的观点11.导致；造成12.用完；耗尽(ii)1.bedeterminedtodosth2.(much)toone’sdisappointment3.signal(to)sbtodosth4.forlackof5.attachgreatimportance/significanceto6.用尽；用完7.由……造成；因……而产生8.上船/火车/飞机9.据理力争/反对某事10.出乎意料V.经典句式过关练(i)1.madeeveryonesadanddisappointed2.isnotaneasygoaltoachieve3.Whilesleeping4.becamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace(ii)1.lookedaroundthemindisappointment2.haveastrongerdesiretopursueabetterlife3.earth’snaturalresourcesrunout4.ForlackofhumanprotectionPartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1berecycled2universally3global4intelligence5signaling;launched6independence7Limited6regularlyII.固定用法练1on2beyond3wouldhaveaccomplished4on5werechosen6offering7in8LearningPartThree高考题型强化练【语篇解读】你有没有注意到星星在12月、1月和2月显得更亮？本文从三个方面分析了冬天星星更亮的原因。1.A。词句猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，冬天因天气干燥，星星显得更亮。夏天情况应与冬天相反，故此处表示在夏天，水分使星星看起来更“暗淡”。2.C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whenthelight...theybendandshiftthelight，sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle”可知，当光穿过不同温度的气泡时，光线会弯曲，故气温是通过改变光的方向来影响星星的亮度的。3.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“20timesasbrightasit”可知，天狼星的亮度是太阳的20倍。4.D。推理判断题。根据第一段的首句并结合下文内容可知，本文介绍了冬天星星更亮的原因：水分、气温和地理位置的影响。【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情況。5.A。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。6.C。主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度。7.B。词句猜测题。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map-readingsystem或thearea。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“thearea”。8.C。推理判断题。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据，而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者通过努力学习，获取知识为黑人争取正义和平等的故事。1.C。根据下文中的“myfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”及语境可知，此处指作者的父母都没有读完中学。2.A。根据上文中的“Iwasthefirstinmyfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”和下文中的“mostofmypeerscamefromgenerationsofcollege-educatedfamily”可知，相比之下，作者的大多数同龄人都来自受过大学教育的家庭。3.A。根据上文“MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity.”及语境可推知，大多数作者的同龄人在白人的郊区长大。4.B。根据下文中的“Iisolatedmyself”及语境可知，作者将自己孤立出来，