【名师课堂】2021高考人教版英语一轮课堂演练：必修1-Unit-4-Earthquakes

[课堂演练]Ⅰ.单词拼写依据汉语注释及首字母提示写出下列单词的正确形式。1.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,I________(破坏)eachofmytoys.2.Theywere________(震惊)bythenewsthattenpeoplewerekilledintheaccident.3.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwere________(埋头于)underpilesoflawbooks.4.PerhapsIhavenote______myselfverywell.5.MyEnglishteacher'shumorwassuchastomakeeverystudentb______intolaughter.答案：1.destroyed2.shocked3.buried4.expressed5.burstⅡ.选词填空buryoneselfin;giveout;burstinto;rightaway;digout1.Hearingthenews,she________tears.2.Ifwarbreaksout,weshallbecalledup________.3.She________herbook;shedidnotnoticewhathadhappened.4.Hehasrefusedto________anyinformationonthematter.5.Thetreasure________oftheearthwasaboxofgoldcoins.答案：1.burstinto2.rightaway3.buriedherselfin4.giveout5.dugoutⅢ.单句语法填空1.Youwill________(毁坏)yourchancesofgettingapayriseifyoudon'tworkharderthanothers.答案：ruin解析：ruin可用于引申含义，意为“毁坏”，此时其宾语通常是health,fame,chance等。2.Theaudiencewaiteduntilthecurtainroseandthen____________(burst)laughteratthesightofthefunnyactor.答案：burstinto解析：句意：观众们始终等到幕布拉起，然后一看到那个滑稽的演员，大家都突然大笑起来。burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing“突然大笑起来”。3.－Mary'salways________(bury)inreadingandstudying.－Nowondershealwaysgotthefirstplaceinanyexamination.答案：buried解析：句意：“玛丽成天埋头于学习和读书中。”“难怪她每次考试都得第一名。”beburiedin“埋头于；认真于”。4.________(judge)tobethebeststudent,Lucyreceivedascholarship,whichmadeherparentsverydelightedandsatisfied.答案：Judged解析：句意：被认为是最好的同学，露西获得了奖学金，这使父母格外兴奋和满足。judge与主语Lucy之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。5.Thecarwasnotseriously________(毁坏)intheaccidentanditwon'tcostmuchtogetitrepaired.答案：damaged解析：damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果；依据后面的“itwon'tcostmuchtogetitrepaired.”可知损害是可以修复的，故该用damaged。6.Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapidpromotion,and________________(end)asamanager.答案：endedup解析：句意：他进入公司时只是一个小职员，后来晋升很快，最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。“endupas＋职位/职业”表示“最终做了某职位或职业”。7．Keepourselvesandourheartopen________________wecanexperiencethegreatjoythatfriendshipcanbring.答案：sothat解析：考查状语从句的连接词。句意：只要我们敞快活扉，就能体验到友情带来的无穷乐趣。后句是前句的结果，因此应用连词sothat。8．Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith________.答案：everything/all解析：考查部分否定。句意：我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。not...everything/all表示部分否定。9.________________________(deal)moneyhasbeenreceivedby________________________(many)peoplewhosufferedfromthefloods.答案：Agreatdealof;agreat/goodmany解析：句意：由于洪水而受罪的人们已经收到了大量救济钱款。agood/greatmany修饰复数名词，agreatdealof修饰不行数名词。10.－IhadbeenworriedaboutEnglishbeforethefinalexam,butIgotanA!－________！(恭喜你)答案：Congratulations解析：考查交际用语。Congratulations！(庆贺用语)恭喜你，庆贺你！[实战力量·提升]Ⅳ.阅读理解A[2022·百校联盟冲刺卷]IwaslivinginSâoPaulo,ForseveralmonthsIdidn'thaveacar,sothreetimesaweek,Iusedpublictransportationtogotothecitycentre.Duringthesetrips,Iwouldridewiththepeoplewhotookthesamebusfromtheshantytowntogotowork.WhenIgotonthebus,alltheseatswerealreadytaken.Butwhenpeoplesawthatmybagwasheavy(fullofbooks),theyofferedtoholditontheirlaptomakemefeellighter.Atfirst,Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthatthesepeoplehadabsolutelynointentiontostealfromme:theyonlywantedtohelp.Once,onmywayback,Ihadtowaitforalongtimeatabusstop.Iwasalone,exceptforawomanwhowasapparentlyverypoor.Shecarriedasmallpaperbagofpopcornandnothingelse.Whilewewerewaiting,shewalkedoverandofferedmesomepopcorn.Ithankedher,butdidn'twanttohelpmyselftoit.ShethenrepeatedlyinsistedthatItakefromwhatwasevidentlyheronlyfood.ThatwasthefirsttimeIthoughtabouthowpeoplewhohavealmostnothing,aresometimesabletosharewhattheyhavemuchmore“easily”thanthosewhoownalot.Iwonderifit'struethatthemoreyouhave,thebiggertheburdenis，andthemoredifficulttoshareanythingwithothers.Iwassomovedbythatwoman'ssimplegenerositythatday.Iclearlyhadmorethanshedid,butshenaturallyandjoyfullysharedwhatshehadwithmenevertheless.1．Wheredidtheauthorlive?A.InHungary.B.InthecentreofSâoPaulo.C.InashantytownofSâoPaulo.D.Inacommunityneartoashantytown.2．Whytheauthorwereshockedwhenpeopleofferedtohelpcarryhisheavybagatfirst?A.Becausetheywouldborrowhisimportantbooks.B.Becausehehadn'tmetthiskindofthings.C.Becausetheyweren'tfamiliarwithhimD.Becausehethoughttheywouldstealhisbooks.3．Whathappenedatthebusstopontheauthor'swayhome?A.Apoorwomanatepopcornwithoutinvitinghim.B.Apoorwomaninsistedonsharingherpopcornwithhim.C.Heofferedapoorwomansomepopcorntoeat.D.Heprovidedhisbookstoapoorwomantoread.4．Fromthepassage，weknowthat________.A．sharingthingswithrichpeoplebringsopportunitiestoearnmoneyB．peoplewhohavealmostnothingmustbethemostgenerouspeopleC．sharingthingswithotherpeopledoesn'tdependonwhetheryouarerichorpoorD．peoplewhoownalotmustbethemostgenerouspeople[文章大意]本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了作者在巴西的圣保罗生活时，遇见的那些和善的人和那些感人的事情。1．D。细节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“IwaslivinginSâoPaulo,Brazil.”和“Werentedaflatinacommunity,buttherewasashantytown(贫民区)quitenear.”可知，作者居住在巴西圣保罗的一个社区，但离一个贫民区很近。2．D。细节理解题。依据文章第三段中的“ThenIrealizedthatthesepeoplehadabsolutelynointentiontostealfromme：theyonlywantedtohelp.”我意识到这些人完全没有要偷我的东西的意图，他们只是想挂念我。可知，作者刚开头感到震惊是由于他误会了这些人，以为他们要偷他的书。3．B。细节理解题。依据文章倒数第三段中的“ShethenrepeatedlyinsistedthatItakefromwhatwasevidentlyheronlyfood.”可知答案选B项。4．C。推理推断题。依据文章内容，尤其是最终两段可知，与别人共享东西，与贫富无关。故选C项。B[2021·辽宁高考]“Indeed，”GeorgeWashingtonwroteinhisdiaryin1785,“somekindoffly,orbug,hadbeguntoeattheleavesbeforeIlefthome.”ButthefatherofAmericawasnotthefatherofbug.WhenWashingtonwrotethat,Englishmenhadbeenreferringtoinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury,andAmericanshadalreadycreatedlightning­bug(荧火虫).ButtheEnglishweresoontostopusingthebugsintheirlanguage,leavingittotheAmericanstocallabugabuginthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.TheAmericanbugcouldalsobeaperson,referringtosomeonewhowascrazyaboutaparticularactivity.Althoughfanbecametheusualterm,sportsfansusedtobecalledracingbugs,baseballbugs,andthelike.Orthebugcouldbeasmallmachineorobject,forexample,abug­shapedcar.Thebugcouldalsobeaburglaralarm,fromwhichcomestheexpressiontobug,thatis，“toinstall(安装)analarm”.Nowitmeansasmallpieceofequipmentthatpeopleuseforlisteningsecretlytoothers'conversations.Sincethe1840s,tobughaslongmeant“tocheat”，andsincethe1940sithasbeenannoying.Wealsoknowthebugasaflawinacomputerprogramorotherdesign.ThatmeaningdatesbacktothetimeofThomasEdison.In1878heexplainedbugsas“littleproblemsanddifficulties”thatrequiredmonthsofstudyandlabortoovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct.In1889itwasrecordedthatEdison“hadbeenupthetwopreviousnightsdiscovering‘abug’inhisinventedrecordplayer.”5．WelearnfromParagraph1that________.A.AmericanshaddifficultyinlearningtousethewordbugB.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpersontocallaninsectabugC.thewordbugwasstillpopularlyusedinEnglandinthenineteenthcenturyD.bothEnglishmenandAmericansusedthewordbugintheeighteenthcentury6．Whatdoestheword“flaw”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Explanation. B.Finding.C.Origin. D.Fault.7．Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith________.A.themisunderstandingofthewordbugB.thedevelopmentofthewordbugC.thepublicviewsofthewordbugD.thespecialcharacteristicsofthewordbug[文章大意]'本文为说明文，题材为社会文化，主要介绍了bug这一单词词义的进展过程。5．D。细节理解题。依据第一段可知在18世纪前美国人和英国人都使用bug这一单词，故选D项。6．D。词义猜想题。依据下文“In1878heexplainedbugs...toovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct”可推断flaw的意思可能是“缺陷，毛病，问题”，故选D。explanation解释；finding调查发觉；origin起源，由来。7．B。推理推断题。通读全文可知。Ⅴ.短文改错DearLiLei，IamwritingtoprovidemysincerecongratulationsonyourgraduationfromseniorhighschoolandenrollmentbythePekingUniversity.Iknowyouworkedveryhardinthepastyears,soIamtrulyhappytoseethatallyoureffortgetrewards.Iamsureyourparentsaregreatproudofyou.IjustwantyoutoknowhowpleasingIamtowitnessyoursuccess.BeingadmittedbySincerelyYours，HanMeimei答案：Dea