2022高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼(14)及解析

2022高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼（14）及解析A[2022·甘肃省部分示范校高三班级调研考试]Travellerstodevelopingcountriesshouldstartwithlong­termbasichealthprotection.Thismeansvaccinations(疫苗接种)againstpolio,tetanusandhepatitisA.Othervaccinationswilldependonwhereyouaregoing,localconditionsandyourpossibleenvironment.VisitorstoYellowFeverareassuchasWestAfricashouldcertainlybevaccinatedagainstit.Checklinksforthelatestnewsanddon'tforgetyourtravelinsurance.It'sreallyworththemoney.Water：Indevelopingcountriesavoiddrinkingorevenbrushingyourteethwithtapwater.Drinkbottledwaterandcheckthatthecapiswellsealed(封闭)whenyoubuyit.Turningitupsidedownandwatchingfordropsisonemethodofchecking.Ifyoucan'tbuyit,purifyitbyboiling.Donottakeiceinyourdrinks,unlessitisfrozenmineralwater.Tea,coffee，andsoftdrinksarefinefromthebacteriapointofview,thoughnotsofinefromathirstpointofview.Don'tsharewaterbottleswithothertravellersunlessyouwanttosharetheirbacteriatoo.Waterfilters(过滤器)areOKintheorybutcanbreakeasilyandusuallydon'tfiltersomeseriousbacteria,suchashepatitisAandE.Forceyourselftodrinkcleanwater,lotsofit,ifyouwanttoavoidheadachesandtirednessfromathirst.Waterrequirementsathomeare6glassesperday,soincreasethatfigurebyatleast3timesintropicalenvironment.Food：Avoidicecreamfromunhealthysources,rawfish,saladanduncookedfood—unlessyoucanpeelityourself.Mostcasesofdiseasescomefromuncleanfood,notuncleanwater.Eatwhereit'sbusy.Thismeansthatthefoodisgoodorcheaporsafetoeat!1．Whenyouplantotraveltodevelopingcountriesyoushouldfirst________.A．choosecountrieswhereyouwillfeelitconvenienttotravelB．makeagoodpreparationtoavoidbeingharmedorinjuredC．considertakingasmuchhealthyfoodandcleanwateraspossibleD．checklinksforthelatestnewsandbuyyourtravelinsurance2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEabouttravelingindevelopingcountries?A.Saladisakindofgoodfoodtoeatwhenyouarehungry.B.You'dbetterchooseabusyrestauranttoeatin.C.Softdrinks,coffeeandteaaresuitabletodrink.D.Drinkingmorewaterisreasonablewheninahotcountrythanathome.3．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyoureadthispassage?A.Education. B.Sports.C.InternationalNews. D.Health&Travel.[文章大意]文章就到进展中国家旅游给出了一些关于饮食健康方面的建议。1．B。细节理解题。从文章的第一句话“Travellerstodevelopingcountriesshouldstartwithlong­termbasichealthprotection.”可知，答案为B。2．A。细节理解题。Food部分的第一句中的“Avoidicecreamfromunhealthysources,rawfish,saladanduncookedfood”可知，应避开食用色拉。3．D。文章出处题。从文章的内容可以看出其主题是旅游时的健康问题，所以D项正确。B[2021·江西高考]Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjusttheopposite.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenotwillingtodothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas“bracketing”.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside,stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderway.Theenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.Mostofthetimewelackthisenergy.Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.Oftenwehaveapreparedlistinmindandwonder,aswelisten,howwecanachievecertaindesiredresultstogettheconversationoverasquicklyaspossibleorredirectedinwaysmoresatisfactorytous.Manyofusarefarmoreinterestedintalkingthaninlistening,orwesimplyrefusetolistentowhatwedon'twanttohear.Itwasn'tuntiltowardtheendofmydoctorcareerthatIhavefoundtheknowledgethatoneisbeingtrulylistenedtoisfrequentlytherapeutic(有疗效的).InaboutaquarterofthepatientsIsaw,surprisingimprovementwasshownduringthefirstfewmonthsofthepsychotherapy(心理疗法),beforeanyoftherootsofproblemshadbeenuncoveredorexplained.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon,butchiefamongthem,Ibelieve,wasthepatient'ssensethatheorshewasbeingtrulylistenedto,oftenforthefirsttimeinyears,andforsome,perhapsforthefirsttimeever.4.Thephrase“steppingintohisorhershoes”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.preparingatopiclistfirstB.focusingonone'sownmindC.directingthetalktothedesiredresultsD.experiencingthespeaker'sinsideworld5.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A.Howtolistenwell.B.Whattolistento.C.Benefitsoflistening.D.Problemsinlistening.6.Accordingtotheauthor,incommunicationpeopletendto________.A.listenactivelyB.listenpurposefullyC.setasidetheirprejudicesD.openuptheirinnermind7.Accordingtotheauthor,thepatientsimprovedmainlybecause________.A.theyweretakengoodcareofB.theyknewtheyweretrulylistenedtoC.theyhadpartnerstotalktoD.theyknewtherootsofproblems8.Whattypeofwritingisthearticlelikelytobe?A.Sciencefiction. B.Anewsreport.C.Amedicalreports. D.Popularscience.[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是认真倾听别人的好处以及如何认真倾听别人，并且作者发觉认真倾听病人对他们的病也有确定的疗效。[长难句解读]Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.分析：本句为主从复合句。主句是whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively，主句中的主语是主语从句whatweareusuallydoing；Eventhough引导的是让步状语从句，从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。译文：即使我们可能在商业交易或者社会交往中觉得自己在认真地倾听别人，但我们通常做的事情是有选择地倾听别人。4.D。考查句意理解。从上文中的“toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside”可知，画线部分指的是要理解说话者的内心世界。所以选D项。5.A。考查段落大意。从其次段中的“Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.”及“Bracketing”，“Moreover”等关键信息可知，本段主要讲的是如何认真倾听，故选A项。6.B。考查细节理解。从第三段中的“Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.”可知，在沟通中，人们总是有选择、有目的地听别人讲话。所以选B项。7.B。考查细节理解。从最终一段中的“butchiefamongthem，Ibelieve，wasthepatient'ssensethatheorshewasbeingtrulylistenedto,oftenforthefirsttimeinyears，andforsome，perhapsforthefirsttimeever”可知，作者认为，病人好转的主要缘由是：有人真正倾听他们。所以选B项。8.D。考查推理推断。本文主要讲的是认真倾听别人的好处，如何认真倾听别人及认真倾听对病人的作用。这是有关科学的内容。因此可以得知本文可能是科普文。所以选D项。C[2022·山西省高三班级四校联考]Researchsuggeststhatifawomanrunsherhouseholdwithoutanyhelp,shehaslessinterestinscalingthecareerladder.Butthereasonforthisisnotquitewhatyoumightexpect,suchasbeingtootired.Accordingtoexperts,thesatisfactionofbeinginchargeofday­to­daydomestictasksleavesmotherswithlessofathirstforsuccessatwork.Ifshewereindeedto“haveitall”—afamilylife,alovelifeandacareer—shewouldneedtobepreparedtocarveupsomeofthehomedecisionswithherspouse,astudysuggests.Thestudyasked136menandwomenaged18to30whetherbeingincontrolofhouseholddecisionsissomethingtheydesire.Bothsexesagreedthatbeinginchargeisanadvantage.Then,150womenwereaskedtoimaginebeingamarriedmotherandeithermakingmostofthehouseholddecisionsormakingthemjointlywithherhusband.Thosewhohadimaginedbeingincontrolathomeplacedlessvalueonthingssuchasearningahighsalarythanthosewhohadimaginedsharingtherunningofthehousehold.Then,almost650menandwomenwereaskedtoimagineoneofthesametwoscenesbutwithdivisionofhouseholdchores.Themen'sinterestinworkwasnotaffectedbythoughtsofbeinginchargeathome.Andifawomanimaginedhavingtodoallthechores,withoutmakingthedecisionsathome,shewasstillhungryforpowerintheworkplace.ResearcherProfessorSerenaChensaid，“Thissuggestsitisthepoweraspectofhouseholdcontrolthatreduceswomen'sinterestinpoweroutsideofthehome.Torealisetruegenderequalityinbothprivateandpublicfields,ourresultssuggestwomenmayneedtoatleastpartiallygiveuptheroleofhouseholddirectorsandmenmustsharesuchdecision­making.”1．Whatcouldbelearnedfromthetext?A.Womenarefondofdoinghouseholdtasks.B.Womenhavenointerestintheofficework.C.Womencandowellathomeorbeyondiftheysharehouseholddecisionswithmen.D.Womencandowellathomeaswellasintheworkplace.2．Whatleaveswomenwithlessofathirstforasuccessfulcareer?A.Pressurefromhouseholdtasks.B.Lackofworkingexperience.C.Poorphysicalandmentalstate.D.Satisfactionofbeinginchargeofhouseholdtasks.3．ProfessorSerenaChensuggestedthat________.A.itwashardtorealizetruegenderequalityB.menmustworkashouseholddirectorsC.menandwomenshouldsharehouseholddecisionsD.womenshouldbeaswiseasmen4．Whowouldbemostinterestedinthetext?A.Researchers. B.Breadwinners.C.Employers. D.Workingmothers.[文章大意]女性假如想在事业上有所建树，她们就得把管理家庭事务的权力放一放。1．C。考查文意理解。从全文对争辩内容和结果的论述可知，妻子想在事业上成功，她就得和丈夫共同决策家庭事务。其次段最终一句也有明确提示。2．D。考查细节理解。从其次段中信息“thesatisfactionofbeinginchargeofday­to­daydomestictasksleavesmotherswithlessofathirstforsuccessatwork”可知，女性从掌管家庭事务中获得的满足感导致她们对成功事业的渴望削减。3．C。考查细节理解。从最终一段中的“Torealisetruegenderequalityinbothprivateandpublicfields,ourresultssuggestwomenmayneedtoatleastpartiallygiveuptheroleofhouseholddirectorsandmenmustsharesuchdecision­making.”可知，ProfessorSerenaChen认为夫妻应当共享家庭决策权。4．D。考查推理推断。文章争辩妇女怎样才能在事业上成功，因此对该文章最感爱好的应当是职业妈妈，所以D项正确。D[2022·河南省一般高中高三毕业班适应性测试]TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturehasaprogramcalledWildlifeServices.Itsjobistohelpprotectagriculturalandotherresourcesfromthreatsanddamagebywildlife.Oftenthatmeanshelpingfarmersdealwithunwelcomevisitors.Thisorganizationhasexpertsfromdifferentfieldsandithassetupthousandsofinquiryagenciesalloverthecountrywherefarmerscanexplaintheirdifficultyandgetpracticalhelp.OneexamplefromWildlifeServicesofitsworkinvolvedafarmerinWashingtonState,inthePacificNorthwest.Severalyearsago,thousandsofCanadageeselandedonhisfields.Thegeesebegantoeathiscarrotcrop.Biologistsfromtheprogramsuggestedthatthefarmerusenoise­makingdevicesandothermeasurestoscarethelargebirdsaway.Theseeffortsapparentlysucceeded,whichmadethefarmerquitehappy.WildlifeServicesalsohasalivestock(牲畜)protectionprogram.Theprogramjustofferssuggestionstokeepthoseunwelcomevisitorsawayinsteadofkillingthem.Expertssuggestprovidingsecureshelterforchickens,sheepandotheranimalsthatcouldbeattacked.Theyalsosuggestusinglightsaboveplaceswhereanimalsarekept.Andtheyadvisepeoplewhoseecoyotesaroundtheirpropertytochasethemawaybyshouting,makingloudnoisesorthrowingrocks.Forhomegardeners,atwo­meterfencemighthelpkeepoutdeer.Tokeepoutrabbits,awirefencehastobeonlyaboutahalf­meterhigh.Itshouldextendfifteencentimetersundergroundtokeeprabbitsfromdiggingunderit.Ifsnakesareaproblem,removedeadtreesandcuthighgrasstodestroytheirhidingplaces.Andtoprotectlivestock,considerusingguardanimalssuchasdogsanddonkeys,whichareveryeffective.Duetoitseffectivework,eversincetheWildlifeServiceswasstarted,ithasbeenwellreceivedbyfarmersallovertheStatesandneighboringcountriessuchasCanadaandMexico.1.Theunderlinedphrase“unwelcomevisitors”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.animalsthatattackthefarmersB.peoplewhodon'tcareaboutwildlifeC.animalsthatdoharmtothecropsorlivestockD.peoplewhopollutetheenvironme