黑龙江省牡丹江市重点高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试 英语

黑龙江省牡丹江市重点高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分)阅读理解Asiaisthebirthplaceoftheworld'sthreeancientcivilizations:ancientChina,ancientIndiaandBabylon.Eachgavetheworlddifferentarchitecturalstylesandgloballandmarks,suchastheGreatWallofChina.TajMahalofIndia.WiththeconclusionoftheConferenceonDialogueofAsianCivilization,let'stakealookatthearchitectureofAsiancivilizations.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontimeandthelargestworkloadputintoalandmark,stretchingouttoatotallengthofmorethan5,000kilometers.OnlywhenyouhavebeentotheGreatWallandwitnesseditsmajestycanyoutrulysayyouhavevisitedChina.AngkorWat,CambodiaTheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.ItwasbuiltbytheKhmerKingSuryavarmanⅡintheearly12thcenturyinYasodharapura(present-dayAngkor),thecapitaloftheKhmerEmpire,ashisstatetempleandeventualmausoleum(陵墓).TajMahal,IndiaTheTajMahalisanivory-whitemarblemausoleumonthesouthbankoftheriverYamunaintheIndiancityofAgra.Itwascommissionedin1632byMughalemperorShahtohousethetombofhisfavoritewife,MumtazMahal.TheTajMahalwasdesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1983forbeing"thejewelofMuslimartinIndiaandoneoftheuniversallyadmiredmasterpiecesoftheworld'sheritage"Al-Khazneh,JordanAl-Khazneh,alsoknownastheTreasury,isoneofthemostdelicatetemplesintheancientArabNabataeanKingdomcityofPetra,Jordan.The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.Itissaidtohavebeenaplacewherepirateshidtheirtreasure.1．WhatisspecialabouttheGreatWallcomparedwiththeothersinthearticle?A．Itisthelongestman-madeprojectintheworld.B．ItwaslistedintheUNESCOworldHeritageSite.C．ItwasusedasadefenseprojectintheancientChina.D．Itusedtobeusedasareligious/purposeinChina2．Whichofthefollowingisoneofthelargestreligiousmonuments?A．TheAngkorWat. B．TheTajMahal.C．AI-Khazneh. D．TheTreasury3．WhichofthelandmarkshasbeenaffectedbytheGreekculture?A．TheGreatWall. B．TheAngkorWat.C．TheTajMahal. D．AI-Khazneh.阅读理解I'vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnuttree.It'sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacceptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(传粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard?Yes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It'salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I'dmissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:Whatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.4．Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden?A．Toprotecttheinjuredskull.B．Toavoidbeinghitbythenuts.C．Topreventherselffromsunburn.D．Toprotectherselffromgettingcaughtintherain.5．Whatisthetree'ssurvivalstrategy?A．Itacceptsnewplantvarieties.B．Itattractsbeneficialpollinators.C．Itletsoutapoisontodriveawaypests.D．Itproducesachemicalfataltosomeplants.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thefruitsmaybringinconvenience.B．Thewriterfindsitchallengingtogetridofthetree.C．Thewriterisaccustomedtolivingwithoutthetree.D．Thetreeishometonumerousbirdsandothercreatures.7．TheauthormostprobablygotareminderfromthetreethatA．It'sbettertobesurethansorry.B．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.C．Treesandplantshavetheirownwaystoflourish.D．Acceptanceinsteadofresistanceisthebetterwaytobe.阅读理解Jason,astraight-AstudentfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,usestheterm"pseudo-working"todescribehowmanyofusstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight–but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch.Thisphenomenoncambeseeninmostcolleges.Forexample,atDartmouththerewasasectionofthemainlibrarythatwasopentwenty-fourhoursadayandthestudentsIusedtoseeintherelateatnightcrowdedingroups,drinkingcoffee,weredefinitelypseudo-working.TheroommatewholooksthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTVispseudo-working.Theguywhobringsthreemeals,ablanket.andsix-packofRedBulltothestudyzoneinpreparationforanall-daypaper-writingmarathonisalsopseudo-working.Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandinsistingonworkinglonghours,thesestudentsaredamagingtheirbrain'sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlytoachievethetaskathand.Intheendtheygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort.Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working.Tothempseudo-workingiswork-it'showthey'vealwaysdoneit,andit'showalloftheirfriendsdoit.Iinevercrossestheirmindthattheremightbeabetterway.Straight-Astudents.ontheotherhand,knowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit,andforgoodreasonItnotonlywastestime,butit'salsomentallytiring.Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingabetterstudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithasmallestamountofwastedeffort.Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula(公式):workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus.Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.Youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach,ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime.8．Whichofthefollowingphenomenonispseudo-working?A．Tomisbusytakingnoteswhileattendingalecture.B．Mikeissittingatastudyloungeinpreparationforafinalexamquietly.C．Jackspendsalongtimeinthelibraryonhisessaywhilelisteningtomusic.D．AliceandSaraaresittingonthecouthreadingtheirfavoritebooks.9．Comparedwithstraight-Astudents,themajorproblemofmoststudentsisthatthey_____A．wanttospendmoretimeonstudy.B．areeagertofollowtheirfriends'way.C．havegottenusedtotheirstudyapproach.D．areunawareoftheirpseudo-working.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"optimal"meaninparagraph5?A．Possible. B．Best. C．Least. D．Accurate.11．Whydoestheauthormentiontheformulainthetext?A．Toshowthebenefitofworkinghard.B．Toprovethenecessityofachievingwork.C．Toemphasizetheimportanceofconcentration.D．Toexplainthereasonforspendingmuchtime.阅读理解________"Practicemakesperfect"isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach"perfection"—or,inotherwords,becomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best-sellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.Heclaimed10,000hoursofpracticetobe"themagicnumberofgreatness".HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.However,Gladwell'sbookhasbeensaidbymanytobetoosimplisticandgeneralising.Gladwell'sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeople,forexample,neededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof"deliberatepractice",whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.Deliberatepracticeissaidtobemuchmoreeffective,albeitmoretiring.Despitethetheoriesmentionedabove,manyotherstudiesarguethatpracticealoneisfarfromenough.Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Sowhataretheotherfactorsthatcontributetopeoplebecomingexperts?Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.Forinstance,manybaseballplayersinAmericahaveamazingvisionthatallowsthemtoseetheballmuchsoonerthanothersdo.Sonomatterhowmucha"normal"personpractises,itisveryhardforthemtobeasgoodassomeonewhohasnaturaltalentorphysicalsuperiorityandwhoalsopractises.Andhowaboutotherfactorsthatgointocreatinganexpert?ManysayIQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisivefactors,too.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatbecominganexpertdoesn'tequalinstantsuccess.Successalsoreliesonsocialfactors,environmentalfactors,andevenjustbeingintherightplaceattherighttime!Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson'sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;askforothers'opinions;and,ofcourse,getplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12．WhatexamplesdidGladwelluseforhisclaim?A．Manyscientificstudies.B．Hisownlearningexperience.C．ManybaseballplayersinAmerica.D．AmusicgroupandtheMicrosoftco-creator.13．WhydidEricssondisagreewithGladwell?A．Becausehedidascientificstudies.B．Becausehefounddeliberatepracticelesseffective.C．Becauseheagreedwiththeinfluenceofthenaturaltalent.D．Becausehethoughtthetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.14．WhatdidarecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversityshow?A．Practiceonlyaccountedforasmallshareinreachinganexpertlevel.B．Attitudeandstartingagearedecisivefactorstobecomeanexpert.C．Twenty-sixpercentofthetestedsubjectscangainsuccess.D．Itisveryhardfora"normal"persontobeanaturaltalent.15．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthistext?A．AnewscientificdiscoveryB．Doespracticereallymakeprefect?C．AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofmakingpracticeD．Themoreyoupractice,themoresuccessyouwillreceive.二、任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)任务型阅读Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind.16．Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.17．Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.Thisensuresyourdataremainssecureandinaccessibletoanyoneelse.Shouldyouchoose,youcanputcertainpermissionsinplace,whichmakesiteasytoshareyourdatawithyourcolleaguesoryourfamily.Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.18．Youcanstoreanythingdigital:allyourfiles,videosandpictures.Whetheryouwanttousethisstoragesolutiontostoreyourfamilyphotographsoryouwanttouseittostoreyourworkdocumentation,youwillfinditquiteconvenient.Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories.19．Hereyoualsohavetheaddedriskofmisplacingitorhavingitstolen.Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudcomputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.20．A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.B.Youwillfindcloudstorageverycheap.C.Externalharddrivescanstillbreak,orfail.D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.E.Cloudstorageprovidersoffermultiplelayersofdatasecurity.F.Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)完形填空My14-year-oldson,John,andIspottedthecoatatthesametimeatasecond-handclothingstore.Ithadablackvelvet(丝绒)collar,delightfultailoring,aFifthAvenuelabelanda(an)21．priceofmerely$28.Welookedateachother,sayingnothing,butJohn'seyes22．.Dark,woolentopcoatswerepopularjustthenwithteenagers,butcouldcostseveralhundreddollarsnow.Johnputthecoatonand23．it.Heturnedfromsidetoside,24．himselfinthemirrorwithaserious,studied25．thatsoonchangedintoasmile.It'saperfect26．.Johnworethecoattoschoolthenextdayandcamehomewearingabigsmile."Howdidthekidslikeyourcoat?"Iasked."Theyloveit."Hesaid,carefully27．itonthechairandsmoothingitflat.Overthenextfewweeks,the28．cameoverJohn.Quiet,reasoneddiscussion29．argument.Hebecamemorethoughtfulandeagerto30．."Gooddinner,Mum,"hewouldsayeveryevening.OnedaywhenI31．thathestartonhomeworkbeforedinner,Johnsaid,"Youareright,andIguessIwill."WhenIaskedoneofhisteachers32．causedthechanges,shesaidwithlaughter,"Itmustbehiscoat!"JohnandIbothknowweshouldnever33．aperson'sclothesfortherealpersonwithinthem.Butitismeaningfulto34．astandardofexcellencefortheworldtosee,topracticeastandardofexcellenceinthought,speechandbehavior,andto35．whatisontheinsidewithwhatisontheoutside.21．A．special B．reasonable C．unbelievable D．cheap22．A．closed B．shone C．opened D．lowered23．A．buttoned B．touched C．held D．obtained24．A．feeling B．looking C．glancing D．eyeing25．A．gesture B．expression C．attitude D．feeling26．A．colour B．price C．fit D．fashion27．A．pressing B．taking C．throwing D．folding28．A．happiness B．satisfaction C．change D．generosity29．A．made B．replaced C．took D．transformed30．A．please B．complain C．admire D．apologize31．A．insisted B．suggested C．asked D．commanded32．A．what B．when C．that D．how33．A．watch B．judge C．mistake D．consider34．A．do B．wear C．speak D．show35．A．compare B．fill C．mix D．match四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Israelisinger-songwriterGiladSegevhasdevotedhimself36．anambitiousprojecttopresentdifferentviewsofChinathroughmusic,becauseofhisloveforthecountry.InJune2020,helaunchedProject34,through37．hewillreleaseasongforeachofthe34provincial-levelregionsinChinaeverymonth.38．(combine)Chinesemusicandglobalfolkmusic,he39．(post)17videossofaronsocialmediaplatforms,gainingmillionsofviews."My40．(inspire)fortheprojectwasthegreatbeautyIdiscoveredinChina'sculture,landscapes,andmore.41．(important),theheartsofChinesepeople."saysSegev.Hecalls42．(he)a"passer-by"—atravelingartistwhotellsstoriesfromhisencounterswithpeoplefromvariouscultures,throughmusic.Overthepastdecade,theaward-winningmusicianhastravelledtomostofthe34provincial-levelregions,andplanstogoto43．restwhentravelisnotrestrictedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Foreachmusicvideo,hecooperatesactivelywithaChinesesingerormusician,toincludecharacteristicsfromtheirownhomeregion.HeandhisteamhavelistenedtovarioustypesofChinesemusic44．(figure)outwhatsuitableelementscanbeusedinhisworks."Ibelievewhenallofourvoices45．(hear)together,trueharmonycanhappen,"Segevsays.五、书面表达(满分40分)46．假定你是高中生李华，正在伦敦做交换生。大英博物馆(theBritishMuseum)正在招聘兼职导游。请你给招聘负责人史密斯先生写一封信，申请这一职位。内容如下：1）自我介绍;2）想做兼职导游的原因;3）应聘兼职导游的自身优势。注意：1）写作词数应为80左右;2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,……Yourssincerely,LiHua47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ASon'sLoveOurchurchcongregationinTorontohasawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficultieswithoutmakingtherecipientfeelshameorguilt.Moneyisdroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythenameoftherecipientontheenvelope.Theenvelopesarethendistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthenameofthegiver.TherecameatimewhenmyhusbandandIwereamongthoseinneed.Wedidnottalkaboutourfinancialdifficultywithanyone.Theonlyreasonourchildrenknewwasbecausewehadtocutbackonmanythings.Still,wehopedtheywerenotawareoftheextentofourneed,norofhowmuchtheirfatherandIweresufferingbecauseofit.Wedidnotwanttoburdenthemwithaproblemtheycoulddonothingtosolve.Oursituationwasn'timproving,andmyhusbandandIknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointofdespair,ourchurchgaveusagiftenvelopethathadbeenleftintheofferingbox.Wewereoverjoyedtoreceiveaverysubstantialamountofmoney,enoughtobringusthroughthatdesperatetime.Wecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereextremelyrelievedandenormouslygrateful.Ayearlater,ourseventeen-year-oldsonwasapplyingforastudentloansohecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenwediscoveredthathissavingsaccountwasalmostempty.HisfatherandIwereverydisturbedbythis.Wehadtrustedhimtoputpartofhiswagesfromhispart-timejobintothebanktowardshiseducation.FromthetimehewasnineyearsoldhehadbeenapapercarrierforTheTorontoStar,andhehadworkedveryhardforhissmallearnings.注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；2）请按如下格式作答。Anxious,Iaskedhimrepeatedlytotellmewherethemoneyhadgone.……Finally,intears,andwithgreatreluctance,mysontoldusthetruth.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处亚洲文明的建筑。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据TheGreatWallofChina部分中的"TheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontime”中国的长城是古代建造时间最长的防御工程。可知，中国的长城是在古代是一项防御工程。故选C。2．考查细节理解。根据AngkorWat,Cambodia部分中的"TheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.”柬埔寨的吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹之一，占地162.6公顷。可知，吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹之一。故选A。3．考查细节理解。根据Al-Khazneh,Jordan部分中的"The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.”这座建筑高45米，宽30米，是一座具有明显希腊风格的宏伟建筑。可知，卡兹尼神殿受到希腊风格建筑的影响。故选D。【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在与一棵黑核桃树爱恨交的18年中，终于找到了与之相处的方式——接受而不是反抗。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.”在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的水果会掉落，威胁到你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在他们隔壁的人的头骨。在八月初吃饭的时候，院子里的伞是必须的，至于我，在花园里工作的时候，我戴着自行车头盔。可知，作者在花园里工作时戴上自行车头盔，是为了避免被坚果击中。故选B。5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.”黑核桃还通过根部释放一种化学物质，这是一种竞争策略。它对几种常见植物有毒。可知，黑核桃树通过释放致命化学物质毒死其他常见植物来生存。故选D。6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.”我无法想象没有鸟儿的春天，它们每年都飞来，在黎明前高声歌唱；以及最后一段中的"Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.”作为回报，我的核桃为野生动物提供了栖息地和提醒。可知，这颗黑核桃树是许多鸟类和其他生物的栖息地。故选D。7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.”就像任何好的关系一样，我永远不会满意。我被这棵树困住了，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。可知，作者在黑核桃树带来的痛苦和快乐中找到了与之相处的方式——倾听需求，给予空间。故选D。【答案】8．B9．D10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"伪学习"的一些表现和危害，并建议大家提高专注度，提高学习效率。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight-but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch."伪学习者看起来和感觉上都像吟游诗人——他或她花很长时间在图书馆里，而且不怕工作到深夜——但是，由于缺乏专注力，他或她实际上并没有取得多大成就。可知，伪学习指的是看上去好像花了很长时间学习，但并没有真正把注意力集中在学习上。故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working."更大的问题是，大多数学生甚至没有意识到他们是在伪学习。可知，相比全A的学生，大多数学生都不知道自己在伪学习。故选D。10．考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit."一些认知科学研究得出结论，大约50分钟是最佳的学习时间，以最大限度地利用每一时间单位的材料。其中的maximize"最大化"可知，对于学习来说，提高效率非常重要，为了效率的最大化，50分钟的时间应该是"最适合的"或者"最佳的"。划线词optimal是"最佳的"之意。故选B。11．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula:workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus."那么这些学生是如何实现这一目标的呢？要了解他们的成功之道，可以考虑下面这个简单的公式：完成的工作量等于花费的时间乘以专注的强度；以及最后一段"Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach.ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime."伪学习的特点是聚焦强度很低。因此，通过伪学习来达到目的，你需要花很多时间。而全A学生的学习方法是增加聚焦强度以减少时间。可知，作者并不支持"伪学习"，作者更加支持通过减少时间增加专注度的方法，故推测作者列出公式是为了强调"专注强度"的重要性。故选C。【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第二段"HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful."他举了披头士乐队和微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨的例子。尽管他们似乎都很有天赋，但他们显然也在成功之前花了1万多小时的练习，可知，Gladwell以乐队和微软联合创始人为例子论证他的1万小时理论。故选D。13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential."Ericsson表示，仅仅大量练习是不够的；练习的类型和质量也至关重要。可知，Gladwell认为练习的时长重要，但Ericssion认为练习的类型和质量也很重要。故选D。14．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel."事实上，普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，练习只占达到专家水平因素的26%。可知，一个人能否在某个方面达到专家水平，练习只占很小的一部分。故选A。15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?"足够的练习真的能达到完美吗？或者至少能达到专长的水平；以及最后一段中的"Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement."练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。可知，文章在探讨练习是否能至完美。"熟真的能生巧"适合做文章的标题，故选B。【答案】16．D；17．A；18．G；19．C；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了云存储是一种灵活、方便、完全放心的数据存储方式。它有很多优点，但也有唯一缺点是你需要互联网来访问文件。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind."云存储是一种灵活、方便、完全放心的数据存储方式。可知，介绍了云存储是一种存储方式；以及空后"Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.”这意味着你可以远程存储所有的数字物品，而不会占用电脑空间。有两种选择:公共云存储允许您与其他用户共享托管空间;私有云存储是希望将数据存储在自己环境中的公司的理想选择。可知，Thismeans是指前面云储存的将数据存储在托管服务器上的方式。D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.“它使您能够将数据存储在托管服务器上。”符合语境。it指代前面的cloudstorage，故选D。17．根据空后"Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword."一旦你注册并设置了你的账户，你只需使用你的用户名和密码通过互联网保存你的文件。可知，这里解释了云存储操作简单。A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.“云存储使用起来非常简单。”符合语境。故选A。18．根据空前"Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.”当您注册云存储时，您可以选择所需的空间量。可知，用户可以在云存储选择空间量的大小。G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.“你可以从少量开始，然后增加存储空间。”符合语境。故选G。19．根据空前"Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories."它比你的电脑或外接硬盘好吗?答案是肯定的。电脑总是死机。这是丢失工作和记忆最常见的原因。可知，云存储比电脑和外接硬盘好，先指出电脑缺点，后面要说外部硬盘的缺点。C.Externalharddr