广东省深圳市福田区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题

广东省深圳市福田区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、第二部分，阅读，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解Leather-makinginFlorencedatesbackhundredsofyearstothe13thcentury.AlookatleathercraftsmeninFlorencewillhelpyouknowmoreaboutItalianleather.Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCIJoinafreetourofthefactoryandyou'llgetadeepdiveintotheprocessofmakingahandbag.Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you'llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou'llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforeverTheleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMERSTEFANOBEMERwasfamousforitshand-tailoredshoes.Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprentices(学徒)learntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore.Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoioWalkingintothecourtyardoftheScuoladelCuoiofeelsalittlelikewalkingontoaminicollegecampus.Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.Thebookbinding(书籍装订)store——IlTorchioIlTorchioisabeautifulbookbindingstorerunbyErinCiulla.IfyouaskCiulla,shemighttakeyoutoseethe"guillotine",whichisactuallyaverylarge,antique-lookingmachinethat'susedtocutlargeamountsofpaper.Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers.1．WhatisthemainreasonforPierotucci'shighprice?A．Thespecialmaterial.B．Thehandmadeprocess.C．Thehighcostofthevisit.D．Thelonghistoryofthefactory.2．Whichplacesprovidetheopportunitytolearnleather-making?A．PierotucciandIlTorchio.B．SeuoladelCuoioandIlTorchio.C．PierotucciandStefanoBemer.D．StefanoBemerandScuoladelCuoio.3．Whatcanyoudointhebookbindingstore?A．Buyahigh-qualityleatherbag.B．Buyanantique-lookingmachine.C．Haveaphotoalbumcoveredwithleather.D．Havetheleathercoverscutbytheguillotine.阅读理解Duringthepandemic,Tokyo'slivelyMejjiUniversitycampusstoodstill.Mystudentswererestrictedtotheirhomes,appearingonlyassmallfiguresonmyscreenduringZoomlecturesonhuman-computerinteraction.Ispentthedaysinmylab,lookingforwaystopassthetime.Onaparticularlyblanddayin2020,Iwasrecallingabouthow,beforethepandemic,Tokyousedtobepackedwithpeoplewhohadflownacrosstheworldtoenjoytheexcitingfoodscene.Butnowrestaurantswereemptyandpeoplelongedforfoodstheyoncerelished.Imisseddrinkingwineinabar,watchingothersenjoyingtheirevenings.IwonderedhowIcouldcontributeduringthesetryingtimes.That'swhenanideastruck:whynotcreateadevicetobringtheflavoroftheworldintopeople'shomes?InJapan,companiesusetastesensorstomonitorthequalityofproducts.Thesedevicesmeasurethestrengthofthefivebasictastes—salty,sweet,sour,bitter,umami—andassigneachavalue.Itdawnedonmethatiftastecouldbequantified,perhapsitcouldalsoberecreated.Idissolvedfoodssuchaspizzaandfries,measuredhowtheyrated,thenmade10liquidsamplesthateachrepresentedataste.Whencopyingthetasteoffood,it'slikefollowingarecipe;Icombinedthe10liquidsamplestoreflectthetastesensor'smeasurementsofthedissolveddish.TastetheTV(TTTV),releasedin2021,lookslikeatelevisionscreen—butyoucanlickit.Oncetheviewerselectsadishfromthescreenmenu,animageofthefoodwillappear,andabovethescreenadevicecontainingmyliquidflavorsampleswillsprayinacombinationthatcreatesthetasteofthechosenfood.Thespraythenrollsfilmsoverthescreen,andtheycanenjoythetasteofpizzawithoutevenbitingintoaslice.Myinventionwasreceivedprettywellworldwide.MystudentsandIwouldbeinterestedinfindinghowelsetochallengetraditionalwaysofenjoyingmedia,andweknewwewantedtoexpandonTTTV.4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hefocusedonhislectures.B．Hewasboredofhiscurrentjob.C．Hecherishedthememoryofthepast.D．Hedislikedthequietnessofthecampus.5．WhydidtheauthormentionthepracticesofJapanesecompanies?A．Totesthisidea. B．Tostresshiseffort.C．Toinformhisprocess. D．Tointroducehisinspiration.6．Whatdoesparagraph4sayaboutTTTV?A．Thepracticaluses. B．Thedesigningplan.C．Theworkingprinciple. D．Theunderlyinglogic.7．Whatwillthetexttalkaboutnext?A．Thepopularityofourproduct.B．Theupgradereleaseofourcreation.C．Thedifficultyofournewinvention.D．Thecommonfeedbackofourinnovation.阅读理解Whatarepillowsreallystuffedwith?Notphysically,butsymbolically?Thequestionoccurredtomewiththephotosinthenewsandsocialmediafromthe50citiesaroundtheworldthatstagedpubliccelebrationsforInternationalPillowFightDay.Armedwithnothingmorethanbring-our-ownsacrificialcushions,strangersstruckheavilyeachotherinplayfulfeatherfromAmsterdamtoAtlanta,WarsawtoWashingtonDC.Butwhy?Isthereanythingmoretothisdelightfulcelebration?Asaculturalsign,thepillowisdeceptivelysoft.Sinceatleastthe16thCentury,thehumblepillowhasbeengivenunexpectedmeanings.TheChineseplaywrightTangXianzutellsafamousstoryaboutawisemanwhomeetsadepressedyoungscholarataninnandoffershimamagicpillowfilledwiththemostvividdreamsofaseeminglymorefulfillinglife.Whentheyoungmanawakenstodiscoverthathishappy50-yeardreamhasinfactcomeandgoneintheshortspaceofanafternoon'snap,ourimpressionofthepillow'spowershiftsfromwondertoterror.Subsequentwritershavelikewiseseizeduponthepillow.Whenthe19th-CenturyEnglishnovelistCharlotteBrontepoeticallyobserved"aruffled(不平的)mindmakesarestlesspillow",shedidn'tjustchangetheexpectedorderoftheadjectivesandnouns,butinsteadshemadeuncleartheboundariesbetweenmindandmatter—thethingrestingandthethingrestedupon.It'satrickperhapsBrontelearnedfromtheRenaissancephilosopherMontaigne,whoonceinsistedthat"ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead".OnMontaigne'sthinking,intelligenceandhappinessconfronteachotherforeverinapillowfightthatonlyonecanwin.WiththewordsofTang.Bronte,andMontaigne,wecanperhapsmoreeasilymeasuretheattractionoftheglobalpillowfight.Likearitualofrelease,theannualinternationalpillowfightamountstoakindofcleansing,abrushingoffofdailyworries:anemptyingoftheworld'scollectivemind.Ratherthanalaunch-padforweightlessrest,thepillowisasymbolofheavythought:ananchorthatdragstheworld'ssouldown—onethatmustbelightened.8．TheexampleofTangXianzuisusedtoillustratethat____.A．pillowsgivepeoplesatisfactorydreamsB．dreamsarealwayswonderfulwhiletherealworldiscruelC．people'simpressionofpillowschangesfromwondertoterrorD．pillowssymbolicallyconveythemeaningincontrasttotheirsoftappearance9．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatCharlotteBronte____.A．wrotepoemsaboutpillowsB．regardedpillowsasreflectionsofourmindsC．sharedthesameviewpointasTangXianzuonpillowsD．waslikelytohavebeeninfluencedbythethoughtsoftheRenaissance10．TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4"ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead"mostprobablymeans____.A．pillowsgiveuscomfortB．pillowsmakepeoplemoreintelligentC．peoplewithtoomanythoughtshavelessinnerpeaceD．peoplecaneasilyfallasleepwhentheyknownothing11．Accordingtotheauthor,whyisPillowFightDaysopopulararoundtheworld?A．Becauseitisaritualrelease.B．Becauseitmakeslifedelightful.C．Becauseitcomfortsrestlessminds.D．Becauseitcontainsaprofoundmeaningoflife.阅读理解Weoftenthinkaboutrelationshipsonascalefrompositivetonegative.Wearedrawntolovingfamilymembers,caringclassmatesandsupportivementors.Wedoourbesttoavoidthecrueluncle,theplaygroundbullyandthejerkboss.Butthemosttoxicrelationshipsaren'tthepurelynegativeones.They'retheonesthatareamixofpositiveandnegative.Weoftencallthemfrenemies,supposedfriendswhosometimeshelpyouandsometimeshurtyou.Butifsnotjustfriends.It'sthein-lawswhovolunteertowatchyourkidsbutbelittleyourparenting.Themanagerwhopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion.Everyoneknowshowrelationshipslikethatcantieyourstomachintoaknot.ButgroundbreakingresearchledbythepsychologistsBertUchinoandJulianneHolt-Lunstadshowsthatambivalent(矛盾情绪的)relationshipscanbedamagingtoyourhealth—evenmorethanpurelynegativerelationships.Ihadassumedthatwithaneighbororacolleague,havingsomepositiveinteractionswasbetterthanallnegativeinteractions.Butbeingcheeredonbythesamepersonwhocutsyoudowndoesn'treducethebadfeelings;itincreasesthem.Andit'snotjustinyourhead:Itleavesatraceinyourheartandyourblood.Evenasingleambivalentinteractioncancauseharm.Inoneexperiment,peoplegaveimpromptuspeechesoncontroversialtopicsinfrontofafriendwhoofferedfeedback.Theresearchershadrandomlyassignedthefriendtogiveambivalentornegativecomments.Receivingmixedfeedbackcausedhigherbloodpressurethanpurecriticism."Iwouldhavegoneaboutthetopicdifferently,butyou'redoingfine"provedtobemoredistressingthan"Itotallydisagreewitheverythingyou'vesaid."Theevidencethatambivalentrelationshipscanbebadforusisstrong,butthereasonscanbehardertoread—justliketherelationshipsthemselves.Themostintuitivereasonisthatambivalentrelationshipsareunpredictable.Withaclearenemy,youputupashieldwhenyoucrosspaths.Withafrenemy,youneverknowwhetherDr.JekyllorMr.Hydeisgoingtoshowup.Feelingunsurecandisruptthebody'scalmingsystemandactivateafight-or-flightresponse.It'sunsettlingtohopeforahugwhilealsopreparingforalikelyquarrel.Anotherfactoristhatunpleasantinteractionsaremorepainfulinanambivalentrelationship.It'smoreupsettingtobeletdownbypeopleyoulikesometimesthanbypeopleyoudislikeallthetime.Whensomeonestabsyouintheback,itstingsmoreifhe'sbeenfriendlytoyourface.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbecountedasafrenemy?A．Yourneighbour'skidwhoadvisesyoutostudyhardbutidlesawayhisowntime.B．Yourclassmatewhoadmiresyourdiligenceatfirst,butdoubtsyourintelligencelater.C．Yourmother'sfriendwhoencouragesyoutospendmoretimeonhomeworkbutlessonsmartphones.D．Yourfather'scolleaguewhoproposesyoutodoamoderateamountofhomeworkwhileensuringadequatesleep.13．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Ambivalentrelationshipshaveapermanenteffectonyourwell-being.B．Thecommoncauseforhighbloodpressureisambivalentrelationship.C．Ambivalentinteractionswillbemorepainfulifitisdoneconsciously.D．Thenegativeimpactofambivalentinteractionsisdirectandstrong.14．Theunderlinedword"belittle"inparagraph2probablymeans____.A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse15．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SomeNegativeRelationshipsAreBadforYourHealthB．YourMostAmbivalentRelationshipsAretheMostToxicC．TheReasonsforAmbivalentRelationshipsAreUnpredictableD．SomePositiveRelationshipsAreBetterthanAllNegativeOnes二、第二部分，阅读，第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouthoughtthatyourchild'sacademicperformanceisbasedsolelyonthenumberofhoursspentstudying,you'resorelywrong.16．Andoneofthemajor,mostlyignored,influencingcontributorsisphysicalhealth.Physicalactivityandhealthcanactuallyboostaperson'sabilitytolearn.Accordingtoastudy,exercisecanimproveachild'scognitiveabilities,health,andacademicperformancesignificantly.Regularaerobicexerciseenhancesthefunctioningofthehippocampus,theareaofthebraininvolvedinlearningandverbalmemory.17．Eventheprefrontalcortexandmedialtemporalcortex—partsofthebrainthatcontrolthinkingandmemory—arefoundtobeinbetterhealthinthosewhoexerciseregularlythaninthebrainsofthosewhodon'texercise.Theeffectofexerciseonmemoryandthinkingisbothdirectandindirect.Directly,regularexercisegivestheabilitytostimulatethereleaseofgrowthfactors,chemicalsinthebrainthataffectthehealthofbraincells,aswellasthesurvivalofnewbraincells.18．Itwillalsoreducestressandanxiety.19．Studiesshowthattheaddedstudylengthdoesn'tbringabouttheexpectedlearningeffects.Furthermore,thegreatestcognitivebenefitsfromphysicaleducationhavebeenseentocomeaboutwhenphysicaleducationisgiveneitherinthefirsthalfofthedayormiddayratherthanattheendoftheday.Thebenefitsofexerciseintermsofacademicperformancealsoapplytocollegestudents.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheNorthCarolinaState,justanhourofexerciseeveryweekcanbringaboutgreatchanges.20．A.Thereareloadsofbenefitsofphysicalexercise.B.Infact,goodgradesarearesultofmultiplefactors.C.Asaconsequence,itcanboostourbehaviourandthinkingability.D.Additionally,gettingenoughexercisewillimprovesleepqualityandmood.E.Otherformsofexerciselikebalanceexercisesdoboostthecognitiveperformanceofthebrain.F.Thebenefitsofexerciseduringtheschooldayexceedthosecomingfromincreasingclasstime.G.Thus,physicalactivityshouldbeseenasmoreacoreeducationalconcernthananinsignificantoption.三、第三部分，语言知识运用，第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductorysciencecourseabout20yearsago.Theprofessor21．thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans(豆),andinvitedthestudentsto22．howmanybeansthejarcontained.After23．shoutsofwildlywrongguesses,theprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe24．answer,andwentonsaying,"Youhavejustlearnedanimportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never25．yourownsenses."Twentyyearslater,thewomancouldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He26．himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting27．intoallunknownworldinvisible(无形的)totheeye,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific28．.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptoreven29．theinvitation.Shewasjust30．tounderstandtheworld.Andshebelievedthatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe31．.Theprofessor,howeversaidthatitwas32．.Hewastakingawayheronly33．forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute(替代)."Irememberfeelingsmalland34．,"thewomansays,"andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I35．thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven'tgonenearsciencesince."21．A．searchedfor B．lookedatC．gotthrough D．marchedinto22．A．count B．guess C．report D．watch23．A．warning B．givingC．turningaway D．listeningto24．A．ready B．possible C．correct D．difficult25．A．lose B．trust C．sharpen D．show26．A．described B．respected C．saw D．served27．A．voyage B．movement C．change D．rush28．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods29．A．hear B．make C．present D．refuse30．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting31．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth32．A．firm B．interesting C．wrong D．acceptable33．A．task B．tool C．success D．connection34．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave35．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed四、第三部分，英语知识运用，第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Gettingangrycouldhelpyouachieveyourgoals,anewresearchsuggests.Often36．(perceive)asanegativeemotion,angercanactuallybepowerful37．(motivate)forpeopletomeetchallengingtargetsintheirlives.Itisusefulinachievingmorechallenginggoals,38．doesnotappeartobelinkedtoeasiertasks.Thefindingalsosuggestsemotionsthatareoftenconsiderednegative,suchasanger,boredom,orsadness,canbeuseful.LeadauthorHeatherLench,aprofessoratTexasAandMUniversity,USA,statedthatpeopleoftenbelievedastateofhappinesswas39．ideal,andthemajorityofpeopleregardedthepursuitofhappinessasamajorlifegoal."Theviewthatpositiveemotionsareperfectformentalhealthandwellbeing40．(be)noticeableinpsychologicalaccountsofemotion,butmanyresearchessuggestamixofemotions,includingnegativeemotionslikeanger,resultin41．(good)outcomes."Sheaddedthatthefunctionalisttheoryofemotionsuggeststhatallemotions,goodorbad,arereactions42．eventswithinaperson'senvironmentandservethepurposeofalertingthatpersontoimportantsituationsthatrequireactions.Inthestudyresearchersconductedexperiments43．(involve)morethan1,000people,andanalyzedsurveydatafrommorethan1,400respondents.Theresearchersfoundthatangerincreasedefforttowardsattainingadesiredgoal,44．(frequent)leadingtogreatersuccessandtheeffectsofangerinencouragingpeopletoreachforandachievetheirgoalswerespecifictosituations45．thegoalsweremoredifficulttorealize.五、第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)46．假设你是校学生会主席李华，下周是你校的体育周。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍体育周的活动内容，并邀请他参加其中一项运动。内容包括：1．介绍体育周；2．发出邀请。注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。DearJim,……Yourssincerely,LiHua47．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Marcostaredattheblankcanvas(油画布)spreadingoutbeforehim,itsstarkwhitenessalmostlaughingathissuddenlackofinspiration.Hewasinhisfinalyearofhighschool,andhisartportfolio(画集)wasfastapproachingitsduedateinaweek.Thiscanvaswasmeanttobehismasterpiece,thecrownjewelofhiscollection,butallhisideasseemedtoescapethemomenthestoodbeforeit."What'swrongwithme?WhatshouldIdo?"Marcomurmuredtohimself.HavinggrownupinthebustlingcityofNewYork,Marcohadalwaysfoundbeautyinthechaos.Theharshnessofroaringcars,thecolorfulpaletteofstreetart,thesymphonyofdiversetonguesandtheoddbehaviorsofthepassengers-allservedasinspirationsforhisart.Yet,now,whenitmatteredmost,hefoundhimselflost.Upsetanddistressed,Macrowalkedout,longingtorunacrosssomethingunexpected.Unawareofthedurationofhiswanderingthroughthestreetsofthecity,Marcochanceduponasmall,hiddenparkhehadnevernoticedbefore.Itwasapocketofquietamidtheurbanuproar,whichattractedMarcoimmediately.Anoldmansatonabench,feedingpigeonsthatflockedaroundhiminadanceofflutteringwings.TheoldmannoticedMarco'sthoughtfulgazeandgesturedhimover.Theystruckupaconversationaimlesslyasiftheyhadbeenoldfriendsforalongtime.Intheirtalk,everythingwasfullofinterestfromlifetoart.AtlastMarcoconfided(倾诉)hisartisticblocktotheoldman.Theoldmanlistenedintentlybeforeofferingapieceofwisdom.Andthen,theoldmanstoodupslowlyandpattedMarco'sshouldersoftly."Sometimes,thebestinspirationcomesfromtheplacesweleastexpect.Lookbeyondwhatyousee."Thegentlemansaidinallearnestness.要求:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thenextday,Marcoreturnedtohiscanvas.……Thetimepresentinghisportfoliocamesoon.

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．D3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了佛罗伦萨的皮革制造商的历史，包括PIEROTUCCI、STEFANOBEMER、ScuoladelCuoio和IlTorchio等四个皮革制造商各自的特色。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCI部分中的"Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you'llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou'llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforever."在看到手工制作一个袋子需要什么之后，你不会再奇怪为什么PIEROTUCCI的价格在结尾处会有两个零。你会知道，如果你真的花了钱，这个袋子将永远存在。可知，这个袋子贵的原因是，这是手工制作的。故选B。2．考查细节理解。根据Theleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMER部分中的"Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprenticeslearntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore."这家优雅的商店出售的鞋子价格高达数百美元，有时甚至数千美元，也是学徒们学习技能的地方：可以在商店的前面看到；以及Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoio部分中的"Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking."当你进入历史建筑时，你离开繁忙的街道。这所学校专门制作独一无二的皮包，并教授付费学生高质量皮革加工的秘诀。可知，在STEFANOBEMER和ScuoladelCuoio可以有学习皮革制作的机会。故选D。3．考查细节理解。根Thebookbinding(书籍装订)store——IlTorchio部分中的"Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers."除了用皮革封面装订外，Ciulla还用手工纸装订书籍、期刊和相册。可知，可以获得一本用皮革覆盖的相册。故选C。【答案】4．C5．D6．C7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者发明了一种名为TTTV的东西，人们可以通过TTTV品尝到不同食物的味道，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Onaparticularlyblanddayin2020,Iwasrecallingabouthow,beforethepandemic,Tokyousedtobepackedwithpeoplewhohadflownacrosstheworldtoenjoytheexcitingfoodscene.Butnowrestaurantswereemptyandpeoplelongedforfoodstheyoncerelished.Imisseddrinkingwineinabar,watchingothersenjoyingtheirevenings."在2020年一个特别平淡无奇的日子里，我回忆起在大流行之前，东京曾经挤满了从世界各地飞来享受令人兴奋的美食的人们。但现在餐馆里空无一人，人们渴望吃到他们曾经喜欢的食物。我怀念在酒吧里喝葡萄酒，看着别人享受夜晚。可知，作者珍惜对过去的回忆。故选C。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"InJapan,companiesusetastesensorstomonitorthequalityofproducts.Thesedevicesmeasurethestrengthofthefivebasictastes—salty,sweet,sour,bitter,umami—andassigneachavalue.Itdawnedonmethatiftastecouldbequantified,perhapsitcouldalsoberecreated."在日本，公司使用味道传感器来监控产品的质量。这些设备测量五种基本味道的强度——咸、甜、酸、苦、鲜——并为每一种味道赋值。我突然意识到，如果味道可以被量化，也许它也可以被重新创造。可推知，作者提到日本公司的做法是为了介绍他的灵感。故选D。6．考查段落大意。根据第四段"TastetheTV(TTTV),releasedin2021,lookslikeatelevisionscreen—butyoucanlickit.Oncetheviewerselectsadishfromthescreenmenu,animageofthefoodwillappear,andabovethescreenadevicecontainingmyliquidflavorsampleswillsprayinacombinationthatcreatesthetasteofthechosenfood.Thespraythenrollsfilmsoverthescreen,andtheycanenjoythetasteofpizzawithoutevenbitingintoaslice."2021年发布的TTTV看起来像电视屏幕，但你可以舔它。一旦观众从屏幕菜单中选择了一道菜，就会出现食物的图像，屏幕上方一个装有我的液体风味样品的设备会喷射出所选食物的味道。然后，喷雾器会在屏幕上卷上薄膜，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道。可知，第四段介绍了TTTV的工作原理。故选C。7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Myinventionwasreceivedprettywellworldwide.MystudentsandIwouldbeinterestedinfindinghowelsetochallengetraditionalwaysofenjoyingmedia,andweknewwewantedtoexpandonTTTV."我的发明在全世界都很受欢迎。我和我的学生们对寻找其他挑战传统媒体享受方式的方法很感兴趣，我们知道我们想扩展TTTV。可推知，文章接下来要讲创造的升级版本。故选B。【答案】8．D9．B10．D11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Asaculturalsign,thepillowisdeceptivelysoft.Sinceatleastthe16thCentury,thehumblepillowhasbeengivenunexpectedmeanings.TheChineseplaywrightTangXianzutellsafamousstoryaboutawisemanwhomeetsadepressedyoungscholarataninnandoffershimamagicpillowfilledwiththemostvividdreamsofaseeminglymorefulfillinglife.Whentheyoungmanawakenstodiscoverthathishappy50-yeardreamhasinfactcomeandgoneintheshortspaceofanafternoon'snap,ourimpressionofthepillow'spowershiftsfromwondertoterror."作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧。可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外观形成鲜明对比的是，枕头象征性地传达了一种含义。故选D。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Whenthe19th-CenturyEnglishnovelistCharlotteBrontepoeticallyobserved‘aruffled(不平的)mindmakesarestlesspillow',shedidn'tjustchangetheexpectedorderoftheadjectivesandnouns,butinsteadshemadeuncleartheboundariesbetweenmindandmatter—thethingrestingandthethingrestedupon."19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头'，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西。可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项10．考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的"ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead"无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息，可知，划线部分的含义指的是什么都不想的，无知的人很容易入睡。故选D。11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Likearitualofrelease,theannualinternationalpillowfightamountstoakindofcleansing,abrushingoffofdailyworries:anemptyingoftheworld'scollectivemind."一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空。可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C。【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为"亦敌亦友"的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They'retheonesthatareamixofpositiveandnegative.Weoftencallthemfrenemies,supposedfriendswhosometimeshelpyouandsometimeshurtyou.Butifsnotjustfriends.It'sthein-lawswhovolunteertowatchyourkidsbutbelittleyourparenting.Themanagerwhopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion."他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为"亦敌亦友"，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。可知，"亦敌亦友"的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。"你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。"符合这一表述。故选B。13．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Butbeingcheeredonbythesamepersonwhocutsyoudowndoesn'treducethebadfeelings;itincreasesthem.Andit'snotjustinyourhead:Itleavesatraceinyourheartandyourblood."但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹；以及第五段"Evenasingleambivalentinteractioncancauseharm.Inoneexperiment,peoplegaveimpromptuspeechesoncontroversialtopicsinfrontofafriendwhoofferedfeedback.Theresearchershadrandomlyassignedthefriendtogiveambivalentornegativecomments.Receivingmixedfeedbackcausedhigherbloodpressurethanpurecriticism.‘Iwouldhavegoneaboutthetopicdifferently,butyou'redoingfine'provedtobemoredistressingthan‘Itotallydisagreewitheverythingyou'vesaid'"(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起"我完全不同意你所说的一切"，"我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好"被证明更令人沮丧。可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。14．考