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阅读理解
技巧点拨
阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种:细节理解、词义(组)猪测、推理判断、主旨(段落)大意及标题
归纳,下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。
一、细节理解题
1.细节理解题占阅读理解的比例很大,阅读时要特别注意以下几点:
(1)阅读时,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作
者的观点、看法混为一谈。
(2)文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点,此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期,通
常需要做简单的计算。
2.解题方法:
(1)跳读查找法:这个方法的要点在于先看题干,带着问题读文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how
提问的问题,可以从文章中直接找到答案。做这类题时可以边读边做记号,能加强阅读的针对性,提高做
题的准确率,节省宝贵的时间。
(2)排除法:排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型,它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息
词,如first,tobeginwith,afterthat,afterwards,later,next,second,third,then,finally按照信息词的提示阅读,可
以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时,首先要确定首或尾的答案,通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序
类似,正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择。我们只需找到两者的不同之处,回到原文,进行核对,一旦确
定,后面的排序就不用再比较了。
(3)简单计算法:数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种,要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除
运算,以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,首先要弄清题干的要求是什么,然后找到与它相
关的数字,再对它们进行分析、整合,最后计算出正确答案。
二、推理判断题
1.题型特点:这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上,严格按照
作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。
2.解题思路:推理和判断两者密不可分。推理是为了判断,判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求根据原文,
经过推理,进行判断,从而得出结论,所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是,推理中考总复
习x时务必要忠实于原文,在文章中寻找可推论的依据,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
3.正确选项的特点:
(1)正确答案一般含义比较丰富,具有一定的综合性和概括性;
(2)正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对,而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇,如often,usually,
sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等;
(3)正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反,要特别注意。
4.干扰选项的特点:
(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出的结论;【事实重现(不是推理出来的)】
(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符;【偷梁换柱】
(3)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头、概括过度;【以偏概全】
(4)有部分选项的内容纯属编造。【无中生有】
三、词义(组)猜测
1.考生应该紧扣原文,根据上下文的语境进行合理判断,既不要望文生义,也不要断章取义,更不能只
选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。干扰项出现的错误选项一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义,或者适
应学生习惯的汉语思维方式;而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的,而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定
的。
2.解这类题时应注意以下几点:
(1)注意一些过渡词语,如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等,它们直接引出了同义解释;
(2)注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果、让步、递进、转折、列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的
特殊功能。
(3)注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句,以及相似或相反的结构等。
(4)对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等),因此
拼读有时是最合适的方法。
四、主旨(段落)大意题及标题归纳题
1.题型特点:解答这类题时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(mainidea)、结
论(conclusion)、结局(ending)等有关问题时,需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、
生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.解题技巧:
(1)看文章首尾和各段开头找出主题句,或通过浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨。
(2)通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句,然后通过寻找共同点,找出整个文章的主题句。
(3)标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题,文章的标题具有概括性的特点,故所选的标题应在最大程度上
覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题,切忌所选标题以偏概全。
(4)这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握,建议最后做。
[期末真题练
2020-2021学年广东省广州市越秀区七年级(下)期末英语试卷
三、阅读(共两节20小题,满分30分)
第一节阅读理解(共4小题;每小题8分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中。
A
Thereoncewasalittleboywhohadabadtemper(脾气).Hisfathergavehimabagofnails(车丁子)andtold
himthateverytimehelosthistemper,hemusthammeranailintothewall.
Thefirstdaytheboyknocked17nailsintothewall.Thenheknockedtwofewernewonesthenextday.Overthe
nextfewweeks,whenhelearnedtocontrolhisanger,thenumberofnailsheknockedintothewallreduced.Hefound
itwaseasiertoholdhistemperthantoknockthosenailsintothewall.
Intheend,thedaycamewhentheboydidn'tlosehistemperatall.Hetoldhisfatheraboutitandthefatherasked
theboytopulloutonenailforeachdaythathewasabletoholdhistemper.Thedayspassedandtheyoungboywas
atlastabletotellhisfatherthathepulledallthenailsout.Thefathertookhissonbythehandandledhimtothewall.
Hesaid,“Welldone,butlookattheholesinthewall.Thewallwillneverbethesame.Whenyousaythingsinanger,
youhurtapersonwithyourwords.Nomatterhowmanytimesyousaysorry,thehurtisstillthereinhisheart.
Thelittleboythenunderstoodhowpowerfulhiswordswere.Helookedupathisfatherandsaid,amreally
sorryfortheholesIputinyouandothers.
41.Theunderlinedword"reduced“inParagraph2meansgetting.
A.betterB.worseC.largerD.smaller
42.Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodowhenhelosthistemper?
A.Tostopbeingangryatonce.B.Toknockanailintothewall.
C.Tolookattheholesinthewall.D.Topullanailoutfromthewall.
43.Howmanytimesdidtheboylosehistemperonthesecondday?
A.2.B.15.C.17.D.19.
44.Accordingtothestory,wecantellthatthefatheris.
A.smartB.strictC.proudD.polite
45.Whatdoesthestorywanttotellus?
A.Nailsareveryusefulforcontrollingone'stemper.
B.Knockingnailsandpullingnailsouttakealongtime.
C.SayingthingsinangerisHkeknockingnailsintoothers'heart.
D.Knockingnailsaremoredifficultthancontrollingone'stemper.
【答案】41.A42.B43.B44.A45.C
B
,,
Itisoftensaidthatdogsare"man'sbestfriends,ButforsomechildreninChina,thisideahasdeepermeanings.
WuQi,adogtrainerinShanghai,startedthePawforHeal(PFH)programinChinaabouteightyearsago.The
programtrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.Theseanimalshelpelderlypeoplefeelrelaxed.Theyalsohelppeople
withmental(精神的)illnesses.
InShanghai,thedogshavebeentrainedtohelpkidswithautism(自闭症).Theyareeasilyscaredbytheir
environments.ButwhenthePFHdogsarearound,theyfeelmuchsafer.
Petownerscantraintheirpetstobepartoftheprogram.Althoughthistrainingisdifficult(only20%ofdogsend
uppassingtheprogram),italsohelpsalotofpeople.
“She(mydog)makesmehappyeveryday,andIthinkshecanbringhappinesstootherpeopleinneedaswell,“
petownerWangRuisaidinareport.
TheprogramisnewtoChina,butWuhashighhopesforthefuture,asheisnowworkingtogetherwitha
Scottishuniversitytoimprovehisprogram."'ThroughlearningfromtheEuropeanteam,Chinamayshortenthetime
tocatchupwithothercountriesinthisfield.^^
46.WhatdoesthePFHprogramdo?
A.Ithelpssickdogs.B.Ittrainspetowners.
C.Ittrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.D.Ittakescareofoldpeopleandchildren.
47.Accordingtothepassage,whocangethelpfromthePFHprogram?
A.Adogtrainer.B.Adoglover.C.Agirlwithautism.D.Aladywholostherwallet.
48.Fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthePFHprogram?
A.Petownershavetogiveuptheirdogs.B.Dogscanpassitstrainingprogrameasily.
C.Dogscanbeclevereraftergettingtraining.D.Itisanewandgrowingprograminourcountry.
49.WhatdoesWuQithinkofthefutureofthePFHprogram?
A.Ithasnowaytogo.B.Ithasabrightfuture.
C.Itfacesalotofdifficulties.D.Itneedsmorepeoplejoiningin.
50.Whafsthebesttitleofthearticle?
A.FriendlyDogs.B.DogsSavingPeople.C.DogsCheeringYouup.D.DogsTraining.
【答案】46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C
C
Lifeislikeacompetition.Allpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Some
kidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismeansthereare“winners"and"losers”,andlotsof
peoplearenotwinnersorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloser.
Beinga"good"winner
Noonelikesapersonwhoalwaystellsotherswhatheisgoodat.
Noonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraise(赞扬)fortheeffortsofateam.
Noonelikesthemanwhoalwaysputsothersdowntomakehimselflookgood.
Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:
♦Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.
♦Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.
♦Thinkaboutwhatyoushoulddonext.
Beinganevenbetterloser
Ofcourse,it'ssadtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Beingangryorimpolitetootherswon'tchangethe
finalresultandwillonlymakeyoulookworse.Andnoonelikesit
Tobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:
♦Bepolite,niceandkind.
♦Congratulatetheotherteam.
♦Keepanynegative(消极的)thoughttoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.
IfsOKtoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon'tdoverywellina
game,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.
51.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinparagraph1?
A.Itisimportanttowin.B.Youareawinnerorloser.
C.Beingslowmeansyouarealoser.D.Winningorlosingisnottheendofagame.
52.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwedoafterwiningandlosing?
A.Saythankyoutoothers.B.Trytoimproveourselves.
C.Bepolitetotheotherteam.D.Keepnegativethoughtstoourselves.
53.Whichofthefollowingwillthewritermostprobablyagreewith?
A.Agoodlosermakesagoodwinner.
B.Winningwon'tcometousifwedon'tgotoit.
C.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowantstowin.
D.Winningstartswithpracticeandlosingendswithit.
54.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Tohelppeoplewintheircompetition.
B.Totellpeopletheimportanceofwinningandlosing.
C.Toaskpeopletofacewinningorlosinginarightway.
D.Toletpeopleunderstandthemeaningofwinningandlosing.
55.Wherecanwefindthisarticle?
A.Inanovel.B.Inastorybook.C.Inamagazine.D.Inasafetybook.
【答案】51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C
2020-2021学年广东省广州市海珠区七年级(下)期末英语试卷
三、阅读(共两节,满分27分)
第一节阅读理解(共11小题;每小题2分,满分22分)
阅读下列短文,从26〜36各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)
ThinkofChinaandyou511probablythinkofhugecities.Butthecountryisalsohometoseveralcharmingsmall
places.Lefsexploresomeofthem.
Tongli
TongliisoneofJiangsu'scharmingwatertowns.Surroundedbyfivelakes,Tongliismadeupofsevenislands
with49bridgestogether.Sitonagondolaandseetheprettytownfromthewater,butmakesuretostopoffattheTuisi
YuantoenjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.ThesewereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000.
Yangshuo
Yangshuoisatourist-friendlytownonthebanksoftheLiRiverinGuangxi.Itsmodernrestaurantsandstores
aremostlyinWestStreet,anditsoldestbuildingismorethan1,400yearsold.Amongthem,visitorswillfindplenty
oftraditionalbuildingsandplaces.EnjoysomeslowtravelandcatchaboatdowntheLiRiverfromGuilin.Ifssurely
themostenjoyablewaytoarriveinYangshuo.
GulangyuIsland
AsasmallislandnearXiamen,GulangyuisfamousforitsbeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.HometoChina's
onlyPianoMuseum,thetown'sothermust-seelocalsightsincludethebeautifulShuzhuangGarden.Atthesametime,
youcanclimbupSunlightRockandenjoytheviewsoverthewholeisland.
Hongcun
Hongcun,anancientAnhuivillage,liesinthefoothillsofHuangshanMountain.ItishometosomeofChina's
finestbuildingsoftheMingandQingDynasties,andtheOscar-winningfilmCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonwas
oncefilmedinthevillage.ThevillagewithneighboringXidi,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2000.
ThelocalsightsincludeChengziHall,alargehomebuiltin1855,andnowactsasamuseum,whichisopento
visitors.
26.Howmanycharmingplacesarementionedinthispassage?
A.Three.B.Four.C.Two.D.One.
27.PeoplecanenjoythescenesofintheOscar-winningfilm.
A.GulangyuIslandB.TongliC.YangshuoD.Hongcun
28.WhichofthefollowingplacesareaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000?
A.HongcunandTongli.B.YangshuoandTongli.
C.GulangyuIslandandYangshuo.D.GulangyuIslandandTongli.
29.WhatcanyoudoifyouvisitGulangyuIsland?
①VisitPianoMuseum.
②VisitChengziHall.
③HaveamealinWestStreet.
④EnjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.
⑤EnjoythebeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.
⑥EnjoytheviewsoverthewholeislandonSunlightRock.
A.①③⑥B.②④⑤C.①③⑤D.①⑤⑥
【答案】26.B27.D28.A29.D
(B)
Treesproduceoxygenforalllivingthings.Treeshelptocleantheair,soilandwater,makingtheEartha
beautifullivableplace.Ifstimetosavetreesandprotectforests.
Savingtreesaroundyou
Everytownandcityhaslawsaboutprotectingtrees,andtellpeoplewhichtreespeciesneedprotectingandwhen
andhowit'sOKtocutdowntrees.Insomeareas,rareorverybeneficialtreesareprotectedbylaw.Knowingthelaws
inyourareawillhelpyoubetterprotectthetreesthere.
Takepartintreeplantation
Asimportantasitistoprotectgrown-uptrees,it'salsonecessarytothinkaheadandplantnewtrees.Theywill
finallygettallenoughtocleantheairandhelpkeeptemperaturescool.Manytownsandcitieshaveorganizations
workingtoplanttrees.
Ifyourtownorcitydoesn'thaveanorganizationlikethat,whynotstartoneyourself?Treebytree,youcan
makeadifference.
Reducepaperuse
Ifsimportanttostartseeingtheconnectionbetweenthetreesyouloveandtheproductsyouuse.Ifyou'recrazy
aboutsavingtrees,lookforwaystousefewerpaperproductsinyourdailylife:
•Useclothtowelsinsteadofpapertowels.Ifsasimplechangethatcanreducealotofunnecessarywaste.
•Usereusablecontainersinsteadofpaperlunchbags.
•Ifyoumustuseapaperproduct,alwaysbuytherecycledone.Choosethepaperlesswaysforbills.Thissimple
changewillmakeyourlifebetterandreducethenumberofdeadtrees.
30Whatdoestheunderlineword"They"inparagraph3refertointhepassage?
A.Grown-uptrees.B.Raretrees.C.Verybeneficialtrees.D.Newtrees.
31.Whatisthecorrectwaytosavetrees?
A.Choosingpaperbills.B.Usingrecycledpaperproducts.
C.Nevercuttingdowntrees.D.Usingpaperlunchbags.
32.Inwhichsectionofnewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?
A.EnvironmentB.EducationC.FashionD.Travel
33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toaskpeopletosavetrees.B.Toaskpeopletoplantmoretrees.
C.Toaskpeoplenottocutdowntrees.D.Toaskpeopletousefewerpaperproducts.
【答案】30.D31.B32.A33.A
(C)
ChinesescientistYuanLongping,widelyknownfordevelopingthefirsthybridricestrain(杂交水稻品种),died
ofillnessonSaturday,May22,2021.
ThetopricescientistinChinapassedawayinahospitalinChangsha,capitalofHunanProvince,atabout1p.m.,
accordingtothenewsreport.
Havingspentoverfiftyyearsinhybridriceresearch,YuanLongpinghashelpedChinaworkagreat
wonder-feedingnearlyone-fifthoftheworld'spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld'stotalland.
BominBeijingin1930,Yuansucceededingrowingtheworld'sfirsthybridricestrainin1973.Itwaslater
grownonalargescaleinChinaandothercountriestogreatlyincreaseproduction,anditpulledcountlesspeopleout
ofhunger.
Forthenextfortyyears,hecontinuedtoresearchandupgradehybridrice,whichhasreacheditsthirdgeneration.
Untilearlythisyear,hehadbeendoingresearchinHainan.
Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams一to"enjoythecoolunderth
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