2016年高考完形填空解题技巧解析

完形填空解题技巧解析

近年高考完形填空题型特点1.以叙为主,叙议结合;2.篇章短小,意义完整;3.首句完整,主题明确;4.结构清晰,层次分明;5.考查语境,侧重辨析;6.实词为主,虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理,隐于语篇;8.常识语法,每年出现。

形散意不散貌离神不离1.

通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景;3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。四大要素

词汇逻辑 语法常识

一个主题

+

语境完形填空解题步骤通览------试填-----复核

1通览----速读全文，把握大意

快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。2试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后

先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确

试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破

完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析Today’stask:1、掌握三种常考文体2、掌握四种常考类型三类常考文体：记叙文、说明文和议论文（主要是夹叙夹议类）记叙文被选作完形填空的短文，有一半以上是记叙文，所以，掌握记叙文的写作特点，会有助于我们快速而准确地破解完形填空的解题方法和思路。试题特征：一般都有较为完整的六个要素，为了便于理解，首句不挖空，所以，时间、地点、人物和事件等要素，基本可以在这部分找到。

例2：(NMET2000)Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingwithabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase

3downthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked3.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turningslowlyfell说明文说明文写作的宗旨，就是要把欲说的或欲写的内容说得清楚、写得明白，让读者明了事实、弄清真相，所以，除了词汇或句型因素，相对而言，说明文的难度不会很大，做起题来也应该比较得心应手。试题特征：1、说明文直白性较强，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，在理解上自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。2、说明文的层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握这些关键，做完形填空便会得心应手，游刃有余。★In1990,leaderofallbignationsmetinJapanandagreedtoreduce1CO2

theyputintotheatmosphere.Tenyears2,inNov.2000,theymetagaininHollandtoassess(评估)thesituationanddecidedwhattodonext.1,A.many B.anumberofC.theamountofD.agoodmany2.A.afterB.lateC.later D.soon议论文就是对人、事、行为等进行的评论或表达的看法。议论的内容一般是无法预知的，作者的态度和看法又是不可预知的。所以，我们做题时，既要看事实，又要感悟作者的态度与情感。议论文试题特征：1、目前对议论文的选材主要集中在夹叙夹议的内容上，所以，议论要依据一定的记叙而进行。2、议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础，利用承前信息或滞后信息，使读者有所依托。3、议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多，所以，试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。应试技巧：做议论文时，通读、试填、核检的步骤完整更显重要。因为在这类问题上跳跃性较大，例如，仅仅一个转折连词的使用，便可以把上下文的意思来个180度的大转弯。再如，形容词或副词的设置往往都无法从语法上予以取舍，这时，我们便要感悟作者，感悟主人公，感悟整个语境。看作者写文章的目的是什么，是褒、是贬，还是仅仅提出问题，欲以引发思考；看主人公是喜、怒、心态如何；再看上下文语意所指，旨在提供什么样的信息。如此等等，当无定式。★Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.____

nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome(收入).

A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore“Itdoesn’tmake1,”saidoneofheoldermusicmillionaires,whomadeamilliondollarsayearwhenhewaspopular,inthe1950s.“Performersaren’tworththiskindofmoney.Infact,2is.”A.effortsB.progressC.senseD.money2.A.everybodyB.nobodyC.somebodyD.anybody词汇题高考完形填空考什么？篇章结构

句际关系Knowwhat四种常考类型：

词语搭配词义辨析推断判断主旨大意。Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone

2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist,hewillopenupforclass3.2.A.book B.passageC.text D.work3.A.discussion B.activityC.argumentD.consideration一、词语搭配类TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestaurant1aquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly2methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn’tlong3thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.havehad2.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed3.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now二、词义辨析类在完形填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中，往往存在大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词等等（也有一部分没有任何关系的词汇掺在其中），这就要我们予以严格地区分和细心地比较，

看其搭配、惯用法，尤其看其内涵和外延，即词义的差异，才能找出一个合乎情理的答案。★…….ButIwasgoingalongcheerfully,thinkingaboutthedinnerIwouldeatwhenI

36toSalisbury.36.A.reached B.arrivedC.got D.led

Dadlookedatmeagain.“Whenyoudidn’tturnup,Icalledthegaragetoaskiftherewereany1,andtheytoldmeyouhadn’tyetpickedupthecar.”(2004湖南)1.A.questionsB.problemsC.mistakesD.faults

Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes.

Irememberedoneofhis

1

,onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign（运动）Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary.

Tired,feelingthemonthsof

2

,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes.

1.A.classes

B.advice

C.lessons

D.talks

2.A.struggle

B.working

C.battle

D.defence

Shenoticedhownervoushewasandsuggestedheshouldstandnearthestagewherehecouldwatchandfollowtheplay.

Itwasagood

1

ofgettingridofhisnervousness,shesaid.Shewasright,itseemedto

2

.1.A.idea

B.way

C.path

D.plan2.A.do

B.win

C.work

D.act三、推理判断类根据语境分析，进行推理判断，是做完形填空题的必备的素质。因为完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。更何况有些空格中的选项都可能是搭配，但搭配不同，则意义可能就不一样了。Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB,livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverOneeveningJackiewasonhiswayhomefromtherailwaystation.Whenheturnedrounda1heheardfootstepsbehindhimandhethought2wascomingnear.Hebegantowalk3.Thefootstepsbecamefaster,too.Hesloweddown.Thefootstepsalso4down.1.A.cornerB.parkC.streetD.way2.A.nooneB.someoneC.anyoneD.everyone3.A.slowlyB.moreslowlyC.fastD.faster4.A.putB.slowedC.becameD.turned★Englishpeopleseemveryquiet____reserved(缄默的),usually.A.thoughB.andC.evenD.but★Itwasjustgettingdark;therewasatouchoffogandIwasonalonelystretchofroad._____Iwasgoingalongcheerfully.

A.But B.And C.Otherwise D.So四、主旨大意题同阅读理解一样，完形填空也有对主旨大意题的考查，只是考查得更为隐蔽，更为灵活而已。如果能破解这样一道或两道的设题（同一篇里不会有太多这样的设置），对于理清文章思路，统领全篇和把握作者的态度或思想感情，都有着不可估量的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的选填失误。InChinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasa1language,exceptforthoseinHongKong,wheremanypeoplespeakEnglishasa2ora3language.1.A.foreignB.native2.A.firstB.foreign3.A.nativeB.second

….Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe____smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already…….FinallyIturnedthekeyinthelockandpushedthedooropen,withDad______complaining(抱怨)aboutahurtingkneeorsomething….

A.yet

B.only

C.evenD.still一、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。二、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。三、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解

中西文化的差异。

失分原因:knowwhy解题方法:knowhow

总的原则：

“先完意，后完形”。八字方针：

上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：

读——填——读灵活的解题技巧1.瞻前顾后、左顾右盼、上下求索。2.掌握固定搭配与同义词的辨析。3.分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。4.充分利用你的常识。Problemsolvingstrategies上下文语境（context)常识背景（commonsense）习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）词义辨析

（comparison）语法分析（grammaranalysis)逻辑分析

(logicalanalysis)排除法

（exclusivemethod）1、根据上下文解题(2005NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned…henevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.Iputmyheadin,expectingthe42(worst).Buttomy43(surprise),theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew44,dressedneatly.44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion

WhenIenteredBerkeley,Ihopedtoearnascholarship……Thelasthurdle(障碍)wasthefinal.Nomatterwhat48Igot,itwouldn’tcancelthreeC-pluses.Imightaswellkissthe49goodbye.…Iwasspeechlesswhenmycoursegradearrived:A-plus.ItwastheonlyA-plusgiven.ThenextyearIreceivedmyscholarship.I’vealwaysrememberedProfessorJayne’slesson:youalonemustsetyourownstandardofexcellence.(2008·北京卷)48.A.gradeB.answerC.lessonD.comment49.A.scholarshipB.courseC.degreeD.subject…ThenIhadtowalkseveralblocksintheincreasinglyheavyrain.WhenIfinallygottomyoffice,Iwas47through,exhaust--edand48.(2008·山东卷)47).A.wetB.weakC.sickD.hurt48).A.ashamedB.discouragedC.surprisedD.puzzled

WhenItookthefirstexam,Iwas38tofinda77,C-plus,onmytestpaper,39Englishwasmybestsubject.IwenttoProfessorJayne,Wholistenedtomyargumentsbutremained40.

(2008·北京卷)38.A.shockedB.worriedC.scaredD.anxious39.A.butB.soC.forD.or40.A.unchangedB.unpleasantC.unfriendlyD.unmoved(08天津卷）

ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool25.Mrs.Bidenwasn’tas

26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“I’msorry,butwehaveenough

27(writer)forthenewspaperalready.A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team原词重现

(08山东卷)Garth’se-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat52messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.humorous同义词、近义词复现

2.根据固定搭配、词语辨析解题1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.

1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.

45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback3.（08安徽)Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book36hand.A.inB.atC.byD.on4.（08安徽)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

5.(08湖南)Cassielookedatme,andherglare

.Ilaughed,Shesmiled…A.returnedB.remainedC.increasedD.softened6.(08四川）Iknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeableto22someofthisstrictness.

A.putupB.takeupC.pickupD.giveup

7).Awomaninhersixtieslivedaloneinherlittlecottagewithapeartreeatthedoor.Shespentallhertimetakingcareofthetree.Butthechildrennearbydroveher21bymakingfunofher.Theywouldclimbhertreeandthenrunawaywithpears,22“AuntyMisery”ather.(2008年·陕西卷)21.A.hopeless B.painfulC.dull D.crazy22.A.calling B.shoutingC.announcing D.whispering

8).

Ontheroadoflife,thehelpofstrangerscan37ourloadsandliftourspirits…

(2008年·重庆卷)37.A.moveB.increasingC.lightenD.carry3).I40tobeoneofthepeopleonthewaytoworkthatmorning.Iwentfromsubwaylinetosubwaylinetofindthatmost(service)41hadstopped.(2008年·山东卷)40.A.usedB.promisedC.deservedD.happened3、根据逻辑推理解题1)Itwastakingupagreatdealofmytime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemeachoice;stayinschool47leavetoworkonmymagazine.47.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

2）.(08天津)Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.

,highschoolwasdifferent.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Besides3）.(08湖北）Neilsonconsidersherselflucky___shesufferedinjuries.A.andB.butC.thoughD.when转折关系让步关系4、根据生活常识解题1).…shewascompetingagainstverytalentedgirls,andsheknewitwouldbe18forhertobeselected.Twohourslater,the19readalistofthegirlsforasecondtryout…(08年·天津)18.A.difficultB.easyC.boringD.interesting19.A.editorB.bossC.candidateD.judge2).Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildren,workingatalow-paidjob.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehada36overourheads,foodonthetable,clothesonourbacks,andifnotalot,always37…

(2008年·辽宁卷)36.A.roofB.hatC.sky