英语泛读第一单元资料讲解

Unit1

PartOne

ADogfromNowhere

BackgroundInformationHuntingHuntingisthepracticeofpursuinglivinganimals(usuallywildlife)forfood,recreation,ortrade.Inpresent-dayuse,thetermreferstolawfulhunting,asdistinguishedfrompoaching(偷猎),whichisthekilling,trappingorcaptureofthehuntedspeciescontrarytoapplicablelaw.Thespecieswhicharehuntedarereferredtoasgame

（猎物）andareusuallymammals（哺乳动物）andmigratory

（移栖）ornon-migratory

gamebirds.HuntingbecameasportinmedievalEurope,whereitwasreserved,asfaraspossible,fortheprivilegedclassesbygamelaws.Falconry

[猎鹰训练术]

andfoxhuntingbecameincreasinglypopularinEnglandintheMiddleAges,andtheuseofhuntingdogs---hounds[猎狗],

setters[塞特种猎狗],pointers[能站住用鼻尖指示猎获物所在处的猎狗],

spaniels[长耳猎犬]

andthelike–becamewidespreadinthisperiod.Typesofhuntingarealsodistinguishedbythesizeoftheanimalbeingsought.Big-gamehuntingisthemostglamorousandoftenthemostdangerous.ItbecameapopularsportamongWesterncolonialistsinAfricaandIndiaduringthe19thcentury,andeventodaythebig-gamesafari

(科学考察，游猎)远征(队)(特指在非洲东部)

survives.Big-gameanimalsincludethemoose驼鹿

,caribou[驯鹿]

,bear,andelk

[麋，大角鹿]

ofNorthAmerica;thereindeer[驯鹿]

,elk,andwolfofEurope;thetiger,leopard[豹]

,elephant,andwildgoatofAsia;andtheantelope羚羊

,gazelle瞪羚

,zebra斑马

,leopard[美洲豹]

,lion,giraffe长颈鹿

,rhinoceros犀牛

,andelephantofAfrica.Small-gamehunting,knownas“shooting”inGreatBritain,focusesonbirdssuchasthequail鹌鹑

,partridge鹧

,grouse松鸡

,pheasant野鸡

,andgoose,aswellasonsuchanimalsasthehare野兔

,rabbit,woodchuck土拨鼠类

,raccoon

浣熊,貉子

,andsquirrel松鼠

.Extensivehunting,bothcommercialandrecreational,hasmademanyspeciesofgameanimalsextinct(thepassengerpigeon)ornearlyextinct(theAmericanbison).GamelawsandwildliferefugesintheUnitedStateshavebeendesignedtosavegameanimalsandbirdsfromextinction.2.DogcultureIndifferentsocietyandculture,peoplemaygivedifferentculturalconnotations（隐含意义）tothesameword.“Dog”isacommendatory（表扬的）terminEnglishwhileitisaderogatory（贬低的）terminChinese.

Inwesterncountries,peoplenotonlyjusttakedogsastheirpets,buttheirbestfriendsandtheirrelationshipisverycloseandintimate.Somepeopletreattheirpetsliketheirownchildrenorevenlikethehousegods.Theyspeaktodogs,sleepwiththemandwashthemregularly.Theybuythebestfoodtofeedtheirdogs,buythedog’sclothesandgivethedogssleepingbunk.Therearemanyvets（兽医）andmanypetsshopsintheWest.

Peoplewon’teatdogs’meat.Dogs’meatcanrefertomeatfordogs.It’sakindoffoodfordogs.Italsocanrefertodogs’bodiesconsumption,buttheythinkitiscrueltoeatdogs’meat,andtheyfeelsicktodoso.Theylovedogs.Theytakedogsastheirbestfriendssothattheywon’teatthem.

RelatedproverbsLove

me,

love

my

dog.爱屋及乌Every

dog

has

his

day.凡人皆有得意日Barking

dogs

seldom

bite.吠犬不咬人A

good

dog

deserves

a

good

bone.立功者受奖He

worked

like

a

dog.他工作很卖力Let

sleeping

dogs

lie.莫惹是非A

living

dog

is

better

than

a

dead

lion.死狮不如活狗/凡事讲求实际An

old

dog

barks

not

in

vain.老狗不乱咬/老年人做事有经验Dogdoesnoteatdog.物不伤其类。其他的词语还有:top

dog指经奋斗而居高位者；竞争中夺魁者，优胜者a

lucky

dog（幸运儿）,a

dog's

life（苦难的日子，潦倒）

dog

days（三伏天）beinthedoghouse（受冷遇，失宠）等

FurtherInformationonText-RelatedDetails1.alost-and-found(AmericanEnglish)orlostproperty(BritishEnglish):Usuallyfoundatlargepublicplaces,itiswherevisitorscangotoretrievelostarticlesthatmayhavebeenfoundbyothervisitors.Frequentlyfoundatmuseums,amusementparts,schools,etc.,alost-and-foundwilltypicallybeaboxorroominalocationnearthemainentrance.Itwouldbeclearlymarkedsothatanyonewhohasfoundamisplacedarticlecanfindit.2.Pittsfield[皮茨菲尔德]

:

ItisthelargestcityinBerkshireCounty,Massachusetts,theUSA.Thepopulationwas45,793atthe2000censusandremainsrelativelystable.ItisoneofthepopulationcentersofWesternMassachusetts.3.shotgun[散弹枪，鸟枪，猎枪]

Ashotgunisafirearmtypicallyusedtofireanumberofsmallsphericalpellets[球形小子弹]

calledshot.Sincethepoweroftheexplodingchargeisdividedamongthepellets,theenergyofanyoneballofshotisfairlylow,makingshotgunsusefulprimarilyforhuntingbirdsandothersmallgame.4.BunkerHill

邦克山(一座矮山,32.6米(107英尺)高,位于马萨诸塞州波士顿的一个地区,查尔斯顿。美国独立战争时期第一次主要的战役就于1775年7月17日发生在附近的布里德山).

BunkerHillisoriginallyreferredtoasahillinBoston,MassachusettsandafamousbattleoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWarwasfoughtnearthehill.Later,severalUSwarshipsarenamedafterthebattlegroundincludingtheEssexClassaircraftcarrierUSSBunkerHill(CV-17)(邦克山号航空母舰)

andtheTiconderogaclasscruiserUSSBunkerHill(CG-52)(巡洋舰邦克山号)5.NewGuinea[新几内亚(岛)〔西太平洋〕]

LocatedjustnorthofAustralia,itistheworld’ssecondlargestisland.Thecurrentpopulationoftheislandisabout6.9million.6.Tennessee

aU.S.statelocatedinthesouthernUnitedStates.In1796,itbecamethesixteenthstatetojointheunion.Tennesseeisknownasthe“VolunteerState”,anicknameitearnedduringtheWarof1812,inwhichvolunteersoldiersfromTennesseeplayedaprominentrole,especiallyduringtheBattleofNewOrleans.ExercisesII.ComprehensionPoints

1.Wouldn’thavestayedheresocontentedly.

(L.5)

Whatistheimplicationofthesentence?

ThesentenceimpliesthatMr.Juneswantedverymuchtokeepthedogandhehadtakengoodcareofhim.

2.I’dhatetoseeafinedoglikethat

–(L.17)

Completethesentence.

I’dhatetoseeafinedoglikethatbetakenawaybysomebodyotherthanitsowner.3.…onesleevehunglimpbyhisside.(L.60)

Whathappenedtohisarm?

Itwaslostinthewar,perhapstheSecondWorldWar.4.I’msureheleftyouproudmemories.(L.80)

Whydidhesayso?ThecrewoftheBunkerHillfoughtbravelyduringthewar,soMr.andMrs.Junesmustbeproudoftheirsonwhowasoneofthegreatcrew.

5.Itwasthenthathopediedintheheatof

Mr.Junes.(L.98)

Whydidhopedieinhisheart?

Becausetheman’sdescriptionofthedogfitexactlyandMr.Junesthoughthemustbetheownerofthedog,hishopeofkeepingthedogdied.

6.Butquicklyheloweredhisheadandturned

away.(L.128)

Whydidhedoso?

Hedidsobecausehewasverysadnow.Heknewthatitwasimpossibleforhimtolearntohuntwithonlyonearm.7.…helookedfromonetotheother,abaffled

expressiononhisface.(L.135)

Whywasthereabaffledexpressiononhis

face?

Thedoglovedbothmen,andconsideredbothofthemhisowners.Hewasn’tsurewhichmanheshouldgoto.8.Backatthehouse,theboyhurriedlythankedthem

fortheirhospitalityandwasgone.(L.146)

Whywasheinsuchahurry?

Itwashardforhimtodecidetogiveupthedog.Ifhestayedlonger,hemightbecomesadderandevenchangehismind.Andhewasalsoafraidthatthedogmightshowsignsofrecognizinghim,whichwouldmaketheoldmansuspiciousthathewastherightownerofthedog.9.Ithascomefromadistantcity,andwas

unsigned.(L.156)

Whywasthetelegramunsigned?

Anwhodoyouthinkmighthavesentit?Thetelegramwasunsignedbecausethesenderofthetelegramdidn’twantMr.Junestoknowwhohewas,andhealsoexpectednoreplyfromMr.Junes.Itmustbethetallyoungmanwhohadoncetriedtoclaimthedog.III.Translation1.最后，他在一家市区银行里找到了一份工作。在那里他见到了许多钱，但他连摸一下那些钱的机会都没有。35年里他呆在同一间办公室里，坐在同一张办公桌前，在没有尽头的日子里做着同样的事情。2.可是狗呢？他一只也没有，而且他想要的那种狗很难弄到，既是他有钱也不行。3.“现在的困难，”他说，“是找到他的名字。不能随便给狗起个名字。我会再列个单子。”KeytoText-RelatedQuestions

1.WhatkindofdreamdidMr.Juneshave?

Wouldthisdreamfinallycometrue?Ifyes,stateyourreasons.

Hisdreamwasthathewouldsomedaygobacktothecountryandpickupwhereheleftoff.Hisdreamcouldcometrue,becausenowatsixty-six,hehadpartofitanyway.Hehadgottenhimselfafarm.Thelandwasn’tmuchgood,butitwasstillafarm.Anditcontainedbigcoveysofquail,whoseclamoringtakeofffilledhimwithatremendousthrill.2.WhatkindofpersonwasMr.Junes?

Obviouslyhewasakindman,whowaswarm-heartedandlovedpeacefullife.3.DidMr.Juneswanttokeepthedog?

Whydidheplaceanadinthenewspaper?Yes,hedid.Becausethelawrequiresthefinderofanylostobjectputanadthreetimesinthelost-and-found.4.Whowastherealownerofthedog?

Whydidn’thetakethedogback?Thetallyoungmanwastherealownerofthedog.Becausehefoundthattheoldmanlovedthedogverymuch,andthedoghadbecomeanimportantpartforhimtomakehislife-longdreamcometrue.What’smore,thedogalsolovedtheoldman.PartTwoWelcometoOurBankBackgroundInformation1.bankteller:

Abankteller[(银行的)出纳员]

isanemployeeofabankwhodealsdirectlywithmostcustomers.Tellersareconsidereda“frontline”inthebankingbusiness.Thisisbecausetheyarethefirstpeoplethatacustomerseesatthebankandarealsothepeoplemostlikelytodetectandstopfraudulent[欺骗性的]

transactionsinordertopreventlossesatabank(i.e.counterfeit[假的]

currencyandcheques,identitytheft,con[欺诈的]

artistschemes,etc.).Thepositionalsorequirestellerstobefriendlyandinteractwiththecustomers,providingthemwithinformationaboutcustomers’accountandbankservices.Mosttellershaveawindow(orwicket[(银行等的)营业窗口])andacashdrawerfromwhichtheyperformtheirmoneytransactions.Oneofthemoreunnerving[使失去意志力，使丧失勇气]

scenarios[剧情说明]foratellerisabankrobbery.Thesedonotoccurveryfrequentlybutareoneofthemostdangerousthingsthatatellercanexperienceonthejob.

2.bankrobberyBankrobberyisthecrimeofstealingfromabankduringopeninghours.Breakingintoabankwhenitisclosedisburglary.Bankrobberyismostfrequentlyincitiesandlargetowns.Theshareofbankrobberiesinsmalltownsincreasedfromabout20%in1996toaboutonethirdin2002,butthemajorityofbankrobberiesareconcentratedinurbanareas.

Violenttakeovertypebankrobberiesdooccur,butareveryrare.Themajorityofbankrobberiestakingplacetodayaresocalled"notejobs."

Thisisacasewherethebankrobbersimplypassesanotetoatellerinformingthetellerthatarobberyisinprogressandthatthetellershouldhandoverallthemoney.Theideaistoattractaslittleattentionaspossible.Inmostcases,othercustomerspresentinthebankduringsucharobberyarecompletelyunawareofwhatisoccurring.Standardbankpolicyistoavoidviolenceasmuchaspossible,sotheywillnormallyhandoverthemoneyandtrytoadheretotherobber'sdemands.Therobberusuallymakesawaywithcash,buttypicallyinrelativelysmallamounts.Althoughitmaybedifficulttocontrolyourangerinsuchasituation,thebestthingistojustgettherobberoutoftheresothateverybodyissafe.Simplyfollowinstructions,lettheguyhavewhathewants.Thesoonerhegetsitthesoonerhe’llgoaway.Everylawenforcementofficialwilltellyouthesamething:themostheroicactyoushouldtakeinabankrobberyisnoticinganydetailsabouttherobber.Youshouldnottrytostoptherobberybyforce.Lawenforcementwillpursuetherobber.Agitatingabankrobbercanresultinharmtoyourselfand/orothers.it’ssimplynotworthallofthemoneyintheworld.FurtherInformationonText-relateddetails1.audit:

Anauditisanevaluationofanorganization,system,process,projectorproduct.Inaccounting,anauditisanindependentassessmentofthefairnessbywhichacompany’sfinancialstatementsarepresentedbyitsmanagement.Itisperformedbycompetent,independentandobjectivepersons,knownasauditorsoraccountants.2.theboardofdirectors:Inrelationtoacompany,adirectorisanofficerofthecompanychargedwiththeconductandmanagementofitsaffairs.Thedirectorscollectivelyarereferredtoasaboardofdirectors.Sometimestheboardwillappointoneofitsmemberstothechairmanoftheboard.II.ComprehensionPoints

1.Mournfully,GeorgePickenwalkedhomefromworkeveryday,andaskedhimselfthesequestions.(L.48)

WhywasGeorgePickenmournful?Becausethebankwasnotrobbed,andthushehadnochanceoftakinganymoneyfromthebank.Perhapshewasalsomournfulbecauseofadulllife,whichwouldbebrightenedbymoney.2.Itwasassimpleascouldbe,andeverytime

GeorgePickenexaminedtheplan,itseemedmore

certain.(L.59)

Whatwashisplan?Hisplanwas:ifheisrobbed,hewilltaketherestofthemoneyinhiscashbox,andclaimthatallthemoneyhasbeentakenbytherobber.3.…andithadbeenanevenchanceastowho

wouldgetthebusiness.(L.104)

Tellthemeaningofthispartofthesentence.Thispartofthesentencemeans:HeandMissDykeshadthesamechanceofbeingrobbed.4.“Allthemorereasonformetogo,”…(L.151)

Wh