03-阅读理解-说明文-名校试题速递(-原卷版)

03阅读理解说明文---名校试题速递广东省2022-2023学年高三名校分类分项汇编原卷版【广东省四校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考】Walkingoverwatermightsoundunbelievable.Infact,peopledoitallthetime.How?Almostalloftheworld’sliquidfreshwaterthatiscalledgroundwaterliesunderground.Earthisawaterplanet,butmostofitswaterisintheoceans.Onlyabout2.5percentoftheplanet’swaterisfreshwater,ofwhichnearly69percentisfrozeninglaciers(冰川)andicecapsandabout30percentisgroundwater-muchmorethanthe1.2percentthatflowsthroughriversandfillslakes.GroundwaterisfoundalmosteverywhereonEarth.Ithidesundermountains,plainsandevendeserts.Tinygapsbetweenrocksandsoilgrainstakeinandholdthiswaterlikeasponge(海绵),formingburiedbodiesofwatercalledaquifers(地下蓄水层).Together,theyholdabout60timesasmuchwaterastheworld’slakesandriverscombined.Groundwaterisakeypartoftheearth’swatercycle.Rainandmeltedsnowgodownintotheground.Thewatercanstaythereforthousandsofyears.Somegroundwaternaturallyrunsoutontotheearth’ssurfacethroughsprings.Italsoflowsintolakes,riversandwetlands.Peoplegetgroundwaterthroughwellsfordrinking,wateringcropsandotheruses.Ashuman-causedclimatechangedriesoutpartsoftheplanet,demandforgroundwatermayrise.Atthesametime,climatechangemayincreasestorms.Heavierrainismorelikelytorushstraightintostreamsandstormdrains,insteadofgoingintothesoil.So,theremaybelessgroundwateraround.Manyoftheworld’saquifersalreadyseemtobedryingup.Twenty-oneoftheearth’s37biggestaquifersarebecomingsmaller,satellitedatashow.Themostdried-outaquifersarenearbigcities,farms,ordryregions.Asgroundwaterstoresdwindle,theyholdlesswatertorefillriversandstreams,thusthreateningfreshwaterecosystems.8．WhatcanweknowaboutgroundwaterfromParagraph3?A．Itwillendupinriversandseas. B．It’smainlystoredinwetregions.C．It’smainlykeptintheformofaquifers. D．Itrunsoutontotheearth’ssurfaceregularly.9．Whydoesclimatechangeresultinlessgroundwateraccordingtothetext?A．Itmakesheavierraingointothesoil.B．Itraisesthetemperatureandincreasesdaytime.C．Itcausesglacierstodisappearfasterthanever.D．Itallowslessraintogoundergrounddirectly.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindle”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Decrease. B．Change. C．Develop. D．Form.11．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Thethreatfromclimatechange B．ThewatercycleintheworldC．Thedecreaseofgroundwater D．Watercrisisontheplanet2.【广西柳州市2022-2023学年高三毕业班11月模拟统考英语试题】Muchofourhealthdependsonwhatweeat.Weallknowaboutthebenefitsofeatingproperlyforourphysicalhealth,butfood-andcookingit-isprovingtobegoodforourmentalhealthaswell.Somepeoplearenowadvocatingthehealthfulvalueofcookingfood.It’snotjustabouttheendresultbuttheexperiencesomeonegoesthrough.DrMarkSalter,aconsultantpsychiatrist,toldtheBBC,“Bakingandcookingaregoodwaystohelppatientsdevelopplanningskills,short-termmemoryandsocialskills-allofwhichsufferinmentalillness.”TVchefandauthorNadiyaHussainalsoagreesthatcookingisgreatforimprovingourmind.Shesays,“Bakingisalwaysabouthealing...It’sneverreallybeenonlyaboutgettingacake.”Andshethinksthatbakingisanimportanttoolforoursocializationandmentalhealth.Certainly,creatingsomedeliciousfoodhashelpedsomeofusgetthroughtherecentlockdown.Ithasgivenussomethingtodoandhelpedtakeourmindoffannoyingthings.Peoplesaythatkneadingdough(揉面团)tomakebread,forexample,hasgiventhemasenseofcalmandcontrol.Researchhasshownthatdoingcreativetasks,likecooking,makesusfeelhappier.NicoleFarmer,whostudieshowfoodimpactsourbiology,behaviourandmentalhealth,says,“cookingrepresentsthesharedhumanexperienceoffood,andnurturingpeoplethroughfood,soIthinkthat’sanopportunityforimmediatepositiveemotions,whichbenefitourmentalhealth.”Ofcourse,cookingcanbeaverysociableactivityandarewardingexperience.Hopefully,aswestarttomixwithfriendsandfamilyagain,wecanenjoythebenefitsoncemoreandputusallintherightframeofmind.4．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toaddextrarelevantmaterials.B．Tosummarizethewholepassage.C．Tosetanexampleofhealthyeating.D．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.5．WhatdoesNadiyawanttoconveybysayingtheunderlinedwordsinParagraph2?A．Shebakessomethingelseotherthancakes.B．Theprocessofbakingisalsohealingandmentallybeneficial.C．Sharingacakeisimportantforoursocialization.D．Bakingcakesisnottheonlywaytoimproveourmind.6．Howdoescookingbenefitpeople’smentalhealth?A．Bysharingvariousfood. B．Byproducingpositiveemotions.C．Bydevelopinglong–termmemory. D．Bytakingawaysenseofcontrol.7．Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Bakingisthebestwaytodevelopplanningskills.B．Peoplewhosuffermentalillnessbenefitlessincooking.C．Whatyoucookmattersmorethantheprocessofhowyoucookit.D．Cookingwithfriendsorfamilycanrelaxourmind.3.【广东省顺德区普通高中2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测】KingCanutecouldn’tstoptheocean’stidefromrollingin—canAfricaholdbackthedesert?That’scertainlywhatthecontinentistryingtodowithitsproposed“GreatGreenWall”,8,000kmworthoftreesthatofficialshopewillstoptheadvancementoftheSaharadesert,whichhasbeenrapidlyexpandingsouthward.Theprojectaimstoplant100millionhectaresoftreesby2030acrosstheentirewidthofAfrica.Theinitiativeisadecadein,andaround15%completed,andtherehavealreadybeenbenefitsformanycommunitiesandwildlife.It’sbringinglifebacktothecontinent’sdegradedlandscapes,providingnotonlyfoodsecurityandjobsbutareasontostayforthemillionswholivealongitspath.EffortswillbeconcentratedalongtheSahel,aregioninAfricathatliesbetweentheSaharainthenorthandthemoretropicalsavannainthesouth.BurkinaFaso,Cameroon,Chad,TheGambia,GuineaMauritania,Mali,Niger,Nigeria,andSenegalallformtheSahelregion,wherethereareupto50millionpeoplewhostillliveasnomads(游牧民),dependingoncattletosustaintheirlivelihoods.It’soneofthepoorestplacesontheplanet:aregionofhunger,conflict,andlowjobprospects,madeevenharderbytheongoingdrought.AtascienceconferenceheldinDecember,expertsestimatedthatthewallcouldhavefar-reachinginfluenceonweatherpatterns.ClimatemodelspresentedattheAmericanGeophysicalUnion’sautumnconferenceforecastthatthefinishedwallcouldincreaserainfallfourfoldintheSahelandloweraveragesummertemperaturesovermostofnorthernAfrica.However,thehottestsectionsofthedesertmaybecomeevenhotter,increasingbyupto1.5°C．Thewallmayseemlikeamoonshot,butallthebestideasusuallyare.AsThomasSankara,formerpresidentofBurkinaFasosaidin1985,“Youcannotcarryoutfundamentalchangewithoutacertaindegreeofmadness...Thecouragetoturnyourbackonthetraditionalmethods,thecouragetoinventthefuture.”19．What’sthepurposeofthe“GreatGreenWall”?A．Toprotecttheoriginallandscapes.B．Tobringmorewildlifetothisregion.C．Toincreasethevarietiesoflocalplants.D．TostoptheSaharadesertfromexpanding.20．WhatcanweknowabouttheSahelregion?A．ItisinthecentreoftheSahara.B．Itishometo50millioncattle.C．Itprovidesalotofjobopportunities.D．Itconsistsofmanypoorcountries.21．Whatimpactwouldthewallhaveonweatherpatterns?A．FreeofdroughtinAfrica.B．MorerainfallintheSahel.C．Lowertemperaturesallyearround.D．Coolerweatherinthehottestareas.22．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheproject?A．Favorable. B．Uncaring. C．Critical. D．Ambiguous.4.【广东省深圳市龙岗区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试】Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactionstoomuch.Negativethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleunfavorably.Aperson’sself-conceptisreflectedinthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasadeepeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeople,whohavelowrespect,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedfaiththattheyaredoing“therightthing”.Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism.Itmakesthemfeelinferior(自卑).Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.Ashypersonmayrespondtoapraisewithastatementlikethisone:“You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood,Iknowit’snottrue.”Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelygotridof,oratleastreduced?Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminationsinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofself-respect.Itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofushashisorherowncharacteristics.Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullife.23．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofshyness.B．Thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople.C．Thefeelingsofshypeople.D．Theeffectofshynessonpeople.24．Whatistheshypeople’sreactiontopraise?A．Theyarepleasedbyit.B．Theyareverysensitivetoit.C．Theyfeelitisnottrue.D．Theyfeeltheyareworthyofit.25．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofself-awareness?A．Itisharmfultopeople.B．Itisaweakpointofshypeople.C．Itisagoodcharacteristic.D．Itisthecauseofunhappiness.26．Whatcanwelearnaboutshynessfromthepassage?A．Itcanhelpustoliveuptoourfulldevelopment.B．Itcanblockourchancesforasuccessfullife.C．Itenablesustounderstandourselvesbetter.D．Ithasnothingtodowithlackofself-respect.5.【广东省深圳市龙岗区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试】Professionalcourses,suchasMastersinInternationalBusinessorMIB,havebeentakenbymanystudentsinthelasttwodecades.Theyarechoosingnew-agenon-conventionalcoursesthatguaranteeabetterfuture.MIBisaspecializedcoursethatteachestheinternationalbusiness.TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.ThecoursecontentandteachingmethodsofMIBarequitedifferentfromanormalMBAorMasterofBusinessAdministration.Ithasbeendesignedwiththesoleobjectiveofdevelopingprofessionalswithanin-depthunderstandingandknowledgeoftheinternationaltrade.ThecourseoffersvariousadvantagesovertheconventionalMBAdegreecourse.Themassiveincreaseintheinternationalbusinessandforeigntradegivesexcellentjobprospectstothenewgeneration.AcquiringadegreeofMIBoffersoutstandinggrowthofjobopportunities.ThosewhowanttopursueinthefieldofmarketingalsohaveagoodfutureaftercompletingthedegreefromaMIBcollegewithagoodreputation.BigmultinationalorganizationslookfortalentedpeoplewhocanhandlethejobofInternationalMarketingManage,andpeoplewithMIBdegreesarepreferred.Thejobneedsanin-depthunderstandingoftheoverseasmarkets,becauseitisthestrategicpostfromtheperspectiveofcompany’sinternationalbusinessgrowth.SincebusinessfinanceandeconomicsarecoveredatlengthinthecurriculumofMIB,studentshavegreatjoboffersinthefieldoffinanceaswell.Typically,organizationsofferthepositionofinternationalfinancecontrollerstothosewhocompleteMIBwiththespecializationoffinance.Thespecializationcoversaspectsofinternationaltaxes,accounts,budgetingandsoon.Peopleinthisfieldarewell-paid,andgrowthprospectsareunlimited.AftercompletingdegreecoursefromareputedMIBcollege,thereisagoodscopeinthebankingandfinancesectoraswell.Internationalbanksappointpeoplewhohaveanexcellentgraspovertheinternationalbankingpolicies,currencyexchange,andinternationalpolicies.Thus,MIBisthegoldenkeytosuccesswithbrilliantjobopportunitiesinnationalandmultinationalsectors.27．Howisthesecondparagraphmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bylistingfigures.C．Byprovingdefinition.D．Bymakingcomparisons.28．WhydomoreandmorepeopleintendtoacquireadegreeofMIB?A．Itisacompulsorycourseinthecolleges.B．Ithelpsthemgetgoodjobsinsomeorganizations.C．Itoffersthemopportunitiestodosmallbusinesses.D．Itoffersthemconventionaleconomicknowledge.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．MIBholdersaremorepromisinginallcareersthanothers.B．Peoplegethighersalaryinbusinessfieldthaninfinancefield.C．Theinternationalfinancecontrollerisahigh-qualityjob.D．InternationalbanksonlyacceptemployeesfromMIBcolleges.30．What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．ToexplainwhytheMIBcourseisgettingpopular.B．ToanalyzethedisadvantagesoftheMIBcourse.C．TosellprofessionalMIBcourseworldwide.D．TopredictthedevelopmenttrendoftheMIBcourse.6.【广东省普宁市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】GenerationZisdifferent.Asawhole,Americansbornbetweenthelate1990sandearly2000sarelesslikelytohaveworkorlookforit:theirlabour-force-participationrateis71%,comparedwith75%formillennials(bornbetween1980andthelate1990s)and78%forGenerationX(borninthedecadeorsoto1980)wheneachcameofage.Asaresult,theymakeupasmallershareoftheworkforce.Withgraduationceremoniesbehindthem,thelatestgroupofdiploma-holdersareenteringthejobmarket.Whattheywantfromemployersisalsonotquitethesameasingenerationspast.AlthoughGen-Zemployeesfeltmorelonelyandisolatedthantheiroldercolleaguesatthestartofthepandemic,theabilitytoworkremotelyhasbroughtnewpossibilities.Thebenefitsgobeyondworkinginyourpyjamas.Manyaretakingcallsfrombeachchairsandhammocks(吊床)inmorecomfortableplacesorfleeingbigcitiesinsearchforcheaperorlargerhomes.Thishasbigimplications.Industrieswithjobsthatcannotbedonefromhomearefallingoutoffavourwithrecentgraduates.AstudybyManpowerGroup,anemploymentcompany,suggestsaninverserelationship(反比关系)betweentalentshortagesandflexibleworkingpolicies.Thesectorswhichareeitherlessabletoofferremoteworkorhavebeenslowertoembraceit-includingconstruction,financeandmanufacturing-havefacedsomeofthebiggestskillsgapsforalltypesofjob.Thatinturnhasacceleratedapre-existingtrendofyoungemployeestradingWallStreetforSiliconValley.Nowtechnologybossesaremorewillingthantheiroppositenumbersinfinancetoletemployeesworkfromhome(oranywhereelse).AnnualrankingsofemployerdesirabilitybyUniversum,agraduate-staffingconsultancy,bearthisout.In2008thelistofbestemployersgradedbyAmericangraduateswasdominatedbybigbanksandtheBigFourconsultingfirms.By2021sevenofthetenhighestspotswereoccupiedbytechandmediagiants.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diploma-holders"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Employees. B.Students.C.Graduates. D.Shareholders.9.WhydoGen-Zemployeespreferworkremotely?A.Theywantmoreholidaysonthebeach.B.Theylovewearingpyjamaswhileworking.C.Theywanttoworkinamoreflexibleway.D.Theycan’taffordtheresidentsinbigcities.10.WhatdoesthestudybyManpowerGroupsuggest?A.Allwalksoflifearefacingsomeofthebiggestskillsgaps.B.Construction,financeandmanufacturingcan’tofferremotework.C.Industrieswithflexibleworkingpoliciesmaysuffertalentshortages.D.Industrieswithjobsthatcannotbedonefromhomearelesspopular.11.WhydoestheauthormentionWallStreetandSiliconValley?A.Toweighuptheprosandconsofthetwoindustries.B.Toproveindustriesintechnologyaremoreappealing.C.Topredictthechangeofpreferenceamongemployees.D.ToshowSiliconValleyisabetterplacetosettledown.7.【广东省茂名市2022-2023学年高三上学期大联考】IntheUnitedStates,researchersareexperimentingwithsodiumtoseewhetheritcanpowermuch-improvedbatteriesinthefuture.Sodiumisasoft,silverymetal.Itisplentifulandfoundinseawater.Themostcommonbatteryusedtodayismadeoflithium(锂).Thesebatteriespowereverythingfromsmartphonestocomputerstoelectricvehicles.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoareattemptingtobuildanewgenerationofbatteriespoweredbysodiuminsteadoflithium.TheCaliforniaresearchersarestudyinglithiumbatteries,butinthenextfewyearstheyplantobegintestingnewsodiumbatteries.TeammemberHayleyHirshsaysshelooksforwardtoworkingmorewithsodiumdevelopmentinthefuture.Lithiumiscostlyandnoteasytocollectbecauseitiswidelyspreadacrossmanypartsoftheworld.Largeamountsofwaterandenergyarealsorequiredtogatherlithium.Butsodiumisfoundintheworld’soceans,withaseeminglylimitlesssupply.Thiswouldleadtomuchlowercoststoproducesodiumforbatteries.Hirshsayssheisexaminingdifferentwaystomakebatteriesthatlastlongerandcanstoremorepower.”Rightnowit’sjustinthelabandwe’reworkingonfiguringouthowtomakeitholdmoreenergyandlastlongersothatitcanbeusedinyourphone,inyourcaroreventostoreenergyforsolar,forwind,”shesaid.Findingbetterwaystostoremoreenergyatalowerpricehasbeenoneofthemajorbarrierstodevelopingmorepowerfulbatteries.Todayitisnotreallycost-effectiveforpowercompaniestousebatteries.Thisisbecauseitwouldcosthundredsofdollarsperkilowatthourtooperate.However,usingsodiumbatteriescouldbringthatcostwaydown.Theresearcherssayitcouldthenmakeeconomicsenseforpeopletohavestoragecontainersathometosaveenergyproducedbythesunorwind.12．Whatcanweknowaboutsodiuminparagraph1?A．Itisakindofhardmetal.B．Seawatercontainsplentyofsodium.C．Itisabletopowermuch-improvedbatteries.D．Themostcommonbatterytodayhasbeenmadeofit.13．HowisthethirdparagraphdevelopedA．Bygivingexamples. B．Bygivingdescriptions.C．Byusingfigures. D．Bymakingcomparisons.14．Whatcanmakethewideuseofsodiumbatteriespossible?A．Thelowcost.B．Energyconservation.C．Thegeographicaldistribution.D．Safetyandenvironmentprotection.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thedifferencesbetweensodiumandlithium.B．Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsodium.C．Researcherslooktosodiumtomakebetterbatteries.D．Researchersfindbetterwaystomakebatterieslastlonger.8.【广东省广州市天河区2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】Bornin1902,HarryBeckwasanEnglishengineeringdraftsman(制图员)whobroughtaboutasmallrevolutionintheearly1930swhenhecreatedacompletelynewmapoftheLondonUnderground.BeforeBeck’sdesign,earlymapswereusuallydrawntoageographicallyaccuratescale(比例).Mapdesignerssimplyplacedthesubwaylinesonstandardmapsofthecitystreets.ThesemapsclearlyshowedthesubwaylinesthatreachedtheareasoutsidethecentreofLondon,buttheymadeitdifficulttomak