Unit-4-Natural-Disasters(基础检测答案)

必修Book1Unit4NaturalDisasters必备知识基础检测（答案）一、词汇知识检测I、写作词汇知其形[注意英译汉]1.rescuen.&vt.营救；救援2.damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失3.destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭4.sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)5.trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱6.buryvt.埋葬；安葬7.supplyn.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给8.strikevi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击9.ruinn.&vt.破坏；毁坏10.revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒11.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没12.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13.emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]1.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的；骇人的→shockedadj.(感到)震惊的2.electricityn.电；电能→electricaladj.电的；与电有关的→electricadj.用电的；电动的；带电的3.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸；气息→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的4.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn.痛苦；受难→sufferern.受难者；患病者5.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn.爆发；喷发6.powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.强有力的；强大的→powerfullyadv.强烈地；有效地7.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn.传递；交付；递送8.effectn.影响；结果；效果→affectvt.影响；疾病侵袭；深深打动→effectiveadj.有效的；生效的9.lengthn.长；长度→lengthenv.加长；延长→longadj.长的；冗长的10.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivaln.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.生还者；幸存者III、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]1.disastern.灾难；灾害2.tornadon.龙卷风；旋风3.droughtn.旱灾；久旱4.landsliden.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡5.slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动6.tsunamin.海啸7.magnituden.(地)震级；重大8.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离9.helicoptern.直升机10.deathn.死；死亡11.crackn.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂12.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中13.brickn.砖；砖块14.metaln.金属15.kitn.成套工具；成套设备16.revivaln.振兴；复苏17.unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体18.wisdomn.智慧；才智19.contextn.上下文；语境；背景20.typhoonn.台风21.hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风22.tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲23.pipen.管子；管道24.whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声)；呼啸声25.calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静26.aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.帮助；援助27.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞28.sweepvt.&vi.打扫；清扫29.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手30.summaryn.总结；概括；概要IV、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.inruins严重受损；破败不堪3.inshock震惊；吃惊4.be/becomeahometo是/成为……的家园5.sweepaway消灭；彻底消除6.cometoanend结束7.getbackuponone'sfeet重新站起来；东山再起8.intheopenair露天；在户外9.onhand现有(尤指帮助)10.putup提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴V、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]1.affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)Bestofall,humorraisesyourenergy,andthatcanhaveaneffectoneverythingyoudoatschool,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.②Affected(affect)withaseriousdisease,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecovery.③Ifeelmuchaffection(affect)formymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.句式升级(普通表达)Manyyoungpeopleweredeeplyaffected/moved/touchedbyhisstoryandbegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.④(高级表达)Deeplyaffected/moved/touchedbyhisstory,manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.(过去分词短语作状语)2.buryvt.埋葬；安葬句式升级(普通表达)Becauseheburiedhimselfin/wasburiedinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.④(高级表达)Buryinghimselfinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(现在分词短语作状语)⑤(高级表达)Buriedinhisbook,hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(过去分词短语作状语)3.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.②Itishardtoimaginethepainandsufferings(suffer)thesepoorpeoplewentthroughduringthewintermonths.句式升级(普通表达)Hehadneversufferedsuchagreatlossbeforeinhislife,sohealmostlostthehopeforlife.③(高级表达)Neverbeforeinhislifehadhesufferedsuchagreatloss,sohealmostlostthehopeforlife.(倒装)④(高级表达)Nothavingsufferedsuchagreatlossbeforeinhislife,healmostlostthehopeforlife.(现在分词短语作状语)4.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过单句语法填空①Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurvive(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.②Aftertheplanecrash,whatthesurvivors(survive)coulddowastowaitforrescueonthisdesertisland.③Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive).句式升级(普通表达)Afterwesurvivedthatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.④(高级表达)Havingsurvivedthatnight，wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(现在分词短语作状语)5.powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力vt.给……提供动力单句语法填空①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jenniferisafirst­generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat'sprettypowerful(power)．②Afterthenewpresidentcameto/intopower,hetookaseriesofmeasurestoimprovepeople'slife.③Thegovernmenthasbeeninpowerfortwentyyears,andisstillgoingstrong.④NotthatIdon'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondmypowertodoso.句式升级(普通表达)(全国卷Ⅰ)YouaresodiligentthatI'lltrymybesttohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.⑤(高级表达)YouaresodiligentthatI'lldoall/everythinginmypowertohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.⑥(高级表达)YouaresodiligentthatI'lldowhatIcantohelpyouknowmoreaboutTangpoems.(what引导宾语从句)6.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；敲；(使)突然想起n.罢工；罢课；袭击写出下列句子中strike的词性和含义①Shewaspractisingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.v.袭击②Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthecountry.v.打动；给……以印象③IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.v.(钟)敲④ItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.v.想起⑤Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.n.罢工句式升级(普通表达)Iwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.⑥(高级表达)Struckbyhisinspiringwords,IdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.(过去分词短语作状语)7.ruinn.&vt.破坏；毁坏单句语法填空①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruined(ruin)anentireday?②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruining(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?③Drunkdrivingnotonlyruinedhimself(he)butalsokilledseveralpassers­by.④WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins.完成句子地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。⑤Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.8.putup提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴；留宿写出下列句子中putup的含义①Firstheopenedashopandthenputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.张贴②Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestion,pleaseputupyourhands.举起③IwashopingKatecouldputmeupforafewnightswhenIvisitedthecity.留宿④Mostbigstoresadmittheydaren'tputpricesupforfearoflosingtheircustomers.提高完成句子学生们提出了许多需要马上解决的问题。⑤Thestudentshaveputforwardalotofquestionsthatneedtobesolvedatonce.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。⑥Icanputupwiththehouse'sbeinguntidy,butIhateitifit'snotclean.每年孩子们都把一些零花钱存起来买新年礼物。⑦EveryyearchildrenputasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyNewYear'spresents.VI、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]1.主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式单句语法填空①Theproblemlooksrathereasy,butinfactitisveryhardtodealwith.②Thisproblemisnoteasytofigure(figure)out.完成句子在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。③Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite.Themorningairisgoodtobreathe.虽然李萍不健谈，但与她相处不难。④WhileLiPingisnotatalkativegirl,sheisnotdifficulttogetalongwith.2.too...to...这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这个沉重的石头。Thelittleboyistooyoungtoraisetheheavystone.3.itseemedasif...好像他已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。Itseemedasifhehadknownaboutwhathappenedjustnow.4.makeitdifficulttodo...它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。Theynotonlymakeitdifficultforpeopletosleepatnight,buttheyaredoingdamagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest.二、语法知识检测Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空1．ThisistheveryhotelthatIstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.2．Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.3．ItisthemostamazingbuildingthatDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.4．WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/whichwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.5．Sheisoneofthegirlswho/thathavepassedtheexam.6．Theyplantedsometreeswhich/thatdidn'tneedmuchwater.7．Shewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.8．DoyouknowtheladywithwhomourEnglishteacheristalkingunderthebigtree?9．Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.10．Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.11．Anyonewhohashelpedtorescuethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.12．Theboyandthedogthatareinthepicturelookverylovely.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子1．Idon'tknowtheman.Themanspoketotheheadmaster.→Idon'tknowthemanwho/thatspoketotheheadmaster.2．Ihaveseenthefilm.They'retalkingaboutthefilm.→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/whichthey'retalkingabout.3．LastweekMaryrodethebike.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryrodethebikethat/whichIgavetoher.4．ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisagreatscientist.→ThegirlwhosefatherisagreatscientistisfromAmerica.5．Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Itismorethan30yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/thatismorethan30yearsold.Ⅲ.用适当的关系词补全下面的短文Thetwooldladieseq\a\vs4\al(1)livednextdoorwerecalledJoannaandMartha.Theyweresisters,andhadlivedtherealltheirlives.Marthawasthequietone,eq\a\vs4\al(2)stayedathomeanddidthehousework.Shealwaysworeawhiteapron(围裙),eq\a\vs4\al(3)neverlookeddirty.Joanna,eq\a\vs4\al(4)wasmoresociable,wasasecretaryuntilshereachedsixtyandretired.“I'vehadenoughofthatoffice，”shetoldMartha.Butthatwasn'ttherealreasoneq\a\vs4\al(5)shestoppedworking.Shehadalwaysdreamedofgoingonalong,expensiveholiday,tobeautifulcities,eq\a\vs4\al(6)shecouldspenddaysinartgalleriesandmuseums,andtowhitesandybeaches,oneq\a\vs4\al(7)shecouldsunbatheandrelax.Andnowshehadthetimeandthemoneytodothingseq\a\vs4\al(8)shewantedtodo.ButsheknewthatMartha,eq\a\vs4\al(9)wassodifferentfromher,andeq\a\vs4\al(10)onlyinterestwasthehouse,wouldnotliketheidea.Ofcourse,shewouldn'tgotravelingaloneandleavehersisterlivinginthehouseallbyherself.SowhatdidJoannado?Stayinthehousedoingnothingalldaylong?No!Shedidspenddays“in”artgalleriesandmuseums,but,throughtheInternet!答案与解析1．who/that先行词是ladies，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。2．who非限制性定语从句先行词是thequietone，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。3．which非限制性定语从句先行词是awhiteapron，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。4．who非限制性定语从句先行词是Joanna，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。5．why定语从句先行词是therealreason，表“原因”，关系词在从句中做原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。6．where定语从句先行词是cities，表“地点”，关系词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。7．which先行词为whitesandybeaches，代入非限制性定语从句后为：onwhitesandybeachesshecouldsunbatheandrelax，由此可见关系词在定语从句中做介词on的宾语，故填which。8．that/which定语从句先行词是things，关系词在从句中做动词do的宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。9．who非限制性定语从句先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。10．whose先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做interest的定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。三、语篇知识检测阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Yourhousemayhaveaneq\a\vs4\al(effect)onyoureq\a\vs4\al(figure).Expertssayeq\a\vs4\al(the)eq\a\vs4\al(way)youeq\a\vs4\al(design)youreq\a\vs4\al(home)couldeq\a\vs4\al(playarolein)whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.(Para.1主旨句)Herearesomeeq\a\vs4\al(ways)toturnyoureq\a\vs4\al(home)intopartofyoureq\a\vs4\al(diet)plan.(Para.2主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Openthecurtains)andeq\a\vs4\al(turnup)eq\a\vs4\al(thelights).eq\a\vs4\al(Darkenvironments)aremorelikelytoeq\a\vs4\al(encourageovereating)，forpeopleareoftenlessself­conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.(Para.3主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Mindthecolors).Researchsuggestseq\a\vs4\al(warm)eq\a\vs4\al(colorsfuel)oureq\a\vs4\al(appetites).Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.(Para.4主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Don'tforgettheclock)—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeq\a\vs4\al(eatslowly)tendtoeq\a\vs4\al(consume)about70eq\a\vs4\al(fewercalories)(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.eq\a\vs4\al(Beginkeeping)eq\a\vs4\al(trackofthetime)，andtrytoeq\a\vs4\al(makedinnerlastatleast30minutes).Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(Para.5主旨句)eq\a\vs4\al(Downsizethedishes).Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12­inchplateinsteadofa10­inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.第一步：准确理解原文明确主题和结构确定体裁、明确主旨体裁：说明文人称：第三人称时态：一般现在时主旨：家居环境对人们饮食的影响，并给出如何通过改变房间光线、墙壁颜色和餐具大小等控制饮食的建议。文章结构(5个自然段就是5个意义段，对应5个要点)Para.1：提出问题：房子影响身材，利用家居环境有助减肥Para.2：暗色调环境导致过量饮食Para.3：暖色调促进食欲，而冷色调减少饥饿感Para.4：控制饮食时间，放慢吃饭速度Para.5：用小餐具减少食量第二步：去次留精提炼各意义段要点明确本文主旨和结构后，确定各段主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词(已在文中标出)，去除次要信息，如原文第二段对室内灯光等描述性的语言信息无需概括在要点之中。要点1Thewayyoudesignyourhousehasaneffectonyourfigure.要点2Maketheroombrighterbecausedarkenvironmentsencourageovereating.要点3W