【创新设计】2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练14

定时训练(14)专题特训(阅读理解——细节理解)eq\x(Passage1)体裁：记叙文话题：人生经受时间：6分钟Sometimesyourbiggestweaknesscanbecomeyourbiggeststrength.Take，forexample，thestoryofone10－year－oldboywhodecidedtostudyjudo(柔道)despitethefactthathehadlosthisleftarminadevastatingcaraccident.TheboybeganlessonswithanoldJapanesejudomaster.Theboywasdoingwell，sohecouldn'tunderstandwhy，afterthreemonthsoftraining，themasterhadtaughthimonlyonemove.“Sensei，”theboyfinallysaid，“shouldn'tIbelearningmoremoves？”“Thisistheonlymoveyouknow，butthisistheonlymoveyou'lleverneedtoknow，”thesenseireplied.Notquiteunderstanding，butbelievinginhisteacher，theboykepttraining.Severalmonthslater，thesenseitooktheboytohisfirsttournament(锦标赛，联赛)．Surprisinghimself，theboyeasilywonhisfirsttwomatches.Thethirdmatchprovedtobemoredifficult，butaftersometime，hisopponentbecameimpatientandcharged；theboydeftly(娴熟地)usedhisonemovetowinthematch.Stillamazedbyhissuccess，theboywasnowinthefinals.Thistime，hisopponentwasbigger，stronger，andmoreexperienced.Forawhile，theboyappearedtobedefeated.Concernedthattheboymightgethurt，therefereecalledatimeout.Hewasabouttostopthematchwhenthesenseiintervened.“No，”thesenseiinsisted，“lethimcontinue.”Soonafterthematchresumed，hisopponentmadeabigmistake:hedroppedhisguard.Instantly，theboyhadwonthematchandthetournament.Hewasthechampion.Onthewayhome，theboyandsenseireviewedeverymoveineachandeverymatch.Thentheboygatheredthecouragetoaskwhatwasreallyonhismind.“Sensei，howdidIwinthetournamentwithonlyonemove?”“Youwonfortworeasons，”thesenseianswered.“First，you'vealmostmasteredoneofthemostdifficultthrowsinallofjudo.Second，theonlyknowndefenseforthatmoveisforyouropponenttograbyourleftarm.”Theboy'sbiggestweaknesshadbecomehisbiggeststrength.【语篇导读】本文通过一位柔道冠军的事例向我们叙述了有时候一个人的劣势可以变成优势这样一个道理。1．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Nopainsnogains.B．Weaknesscanbecomestrength.C．Wherethereisawillthereisaway.D．Agreatjudomaster.解析标题概括题。文章叙述了一位失去左臂的柔道运动员，利用自己没有左臂使对手无法抓住，从而一招制敌，将自己的劣势变成了优势。故文章的标题应是：Weaknesscanbecomestrength。答案B2．Accordingtothesecondparagraphtheboywas______withhisteacher.A．satisfiedB．pleasedC．unsatisfiedD．careful解析推理推断题。其次段中提到那位男孩对老师只教他一招感到不解，要求老师教他更多的动作，可以推出他对老师的做法不满足。故选C。答案C3．Whydidtherefereecallatimeoutinthefinals?A．Becausehethoughttheboywouldbetheloserdefinitely.B．Becausehethoughttheboywouldgiveup.C．Becausehedroppedhisguard.D．Becausehewasexperienced.解析细节理解题。依据第四段的前三句话可以了解到裁判认为那位男孩的对手更强大，更有阅历，那位男孩明显要失败了，并且可能会受伤，故叫了一个暂停。答案A4．Inthelastparagraphtheauthorwantedtotellus______．A．whowasthechampionB．thereasonwhytheboywoneverymatchC．thesenseiwasveryexcellentD．theboywasverycourageous解析细节理解题。通读最终一段不难发觉，最终一段主要叙述的是那位男孩每次都通过一招制胜的缘由。故选B。答案Beq\x(Passage2)体裁：记叙文话题：成语故事时间：7分钟DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod，therewasamaninthestateofQinwhosenamewasSunYang.SunYangwasveryexpertinlookingathorsesandjudgingtheirworth，whateverthehorsemightbe，hecouldtellwhetheritwasgoodorbadatfirstsight.Oneday，whenSunYangwaspassingaplace，henoticedthatanoldhorsepullingacartloadedwithsalt.Hecamenear，andsawthatitwasahorsethatreallycouldcoverathousandliaday，buttheonlyproblemwithitwasthatitwasalittletooold.SunYangfeltthatthehorsewasreallyunjustlytreated.Whenhethoughtofthis，hewassogrievedthatheshedtears.Inordertohelpmorepeoplelearnhowtoappraisehorsessothatfinehorseswhichcouldcoverathousandliadaywouldnolongerfallintooblivion(埋没)，andalsoinordertoensurethathisuniqueskillinjudginghorseswouldnotbelost，SunYangwroteabookentitledtheArtofLookingatHorsesandJudgingTheirWorth.Thebookwasalsoillustratedwiththepicturesofvarioushorses.SunYanghadasonwho，afterreadinghisfather'sbook，thoughtitwasveryeasytoappraisehorses.Sohetookthebookwithhimtolookforfinehorseseverywhere.Atfirsthesearchedaccordingtothepicturesinthebook，andfoundnothing.Thenhesearchedaccordingtothecharacteristicsdescribedinthebookandfoundatoad(癞蛤蟆)fitverywell.Sohehappilytookthetoadbackhome，andsaidtohisfather，“Father，Ihavefoundahorsethatcancoverathousandliaday，onlyitshoofs(蹄)arenotgoodenough.”Lookingatthetoad，SunYangdidnotknowwhetherheshouldlaughorcry.Knowingthathissonwasstupid，SunYangsaidhumorously.“It'sapitythatthishorseistoofondofjumpingtopullacart.”Thenhesighed.Thatisjustwhatwecalllookingforasteedwiththeaidofitspicture.【语篇导读】本文主要叙述了按图索骥的来历。孙阳是一位相马的专家，而他的儿子却依据父亲相马书上的图片误将一只癞蛤蟆当成千里马，从而落下按图索骥这个笑柄。5．Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantedto______．A．tellushowtojudgeagoodhorseB．introduceagoodhorsetousC．introduceSunYangtousD．beanexpertinlookingathorses解析段落大意题。文章第一段主要向我们介绍了孙阳的基本状况：春秋时期秦国人，擅长相马——无论什么样的马他一眼就能推断出它的优劣。答案C6．WhydidSunYangweepwhenhenoticedtheoldhorsethatwaspullingacartloadedwithsalt?A．Becausehecouldnotaffordthehorse.B．Becausethehorsewastoooldtodrawthecart.C．Becausehefeltsympathyaboutthehorse'sfortune.D．Becausehewantedtogetthehorsegreatly.解析推理推断题。从其次段可以看出，当孙阳见到那匹千里马时，它正在拉装着盐的车，同时也有点儿太老了，他感到一匹千里马受到这样的待遇很不公，因此可以推出他对那匹千里马是格外怜悯的。答案C7．What'sthepurposeofSunYangwritingabook?A．Tomakemuchmoney.B．Tohelpmorepeoplebuyfinehorses.C．Tomakehisskillinjudginghorsesplayagreatroleinthefuture.D．Tohelphissonjudgehorsesandmakealiving.解析细节理解题。第三段中提到孙阳为能让更多的人学会相马，不让千里马被埋没；同时也为了使自己相马的技能不失传。故选C。答案C8．AccordingtothelastparagraphwecanlearnthatSunYang'ssonwas______．A．excellentB．stupidC．cleverD．knowledgeable解析推理推断题。最终一段中提到孙阳的儿子开头的时候依据书上的图片找千里马，但是一无所获。后来又依据书上对千里马的描述来查找千里马，结果却弄了一只癞蛤蟆。由此可以推出孙阳的儿子是愚蠢的，故选B。答案Beq\x(Passage3)体裁：说明文话题：航天科技时间：7分钟Itwasamodesttestdrive:Movingforward15feet，turninginplace120degrees，thenbackingupabout8feet.Theentiretriptookabout16minutes.ButfortheteambehindCuriosity，thesix－wheeledNASArover(探测器)thatlandedonMars17daysago，thefirsttracksonMarswereanexcitingmilestone.“Itcouldn'tbemoreimportant，”PeterC．Theisinger，themission'sprojectmanager，said.“Imean，webuiltarover.Sounlesstherovermoves，wereallyhaven'taccomplishedanything.”Curiosity，whichwaslaunchedonNovember26，2011，istospendaboutacoupleofyearstravelingthrougha96－mile－widecrater(陨石坑)andupamountainatthecenterofthecrater，exploringforsignsthatearlyMarscouldhavebeenhabitableforlife.ButthatjourneyofmilesstartedafewfeetawayfromBradburyLanding，whereCuriositysetdownonAug.6，2022.ThespothadbeennamedforRayBradbury，theauthorofTheMartianChroniclesandotherinfluentialscience－fictionnovels.Hewouldhaveturned92onWednesday.Recently，Curiosityhasbeenbusywithotherexercises.OnSunday，theroverfiredalaserinstrumentforthefirsttime，hittingarockandanalyzingtheatomicmake－up.OnMonday，itextendeditsarm.OnTuesday，itmoveditsfourcornerwheelsinpreparationforthedrive.“Everythinghasbeengoingextremelywell，”Mr.Theisingersaid.Sofar，theonlybrokeninstrumenthasbeenawindsensorthatmayhavebeendamagedduringthelanding，NASAsaid.Duringthenextweek，asmoreinstrumentsarecheckedout，Curiosityistoheadtoitsfirstdestination，calledGlenelg.Atfirst，Curiositywillmoveonlyabout30feetatatime.Asitsengineersgainexperience，thedriveswillstretchtolongerthanthelengthofafootballfield.Mr.Theisingerwarnedthattheearlysuccessesdidnotensurefutureones.Sofar，themissionhasaccomplishedonlytwoofitsprimarygoals：tolaunchontimeandtolandonMars.“We'vegotalongwaytogobeforethismissionmeetsitsfullpotential，”hesaid.【语篇导读】美国国家航空航天局放射的古怪   号火星探测器在降落火星17天后首次试车，迈出了火星探险的第一步。9．WhatdoesPeterC．Theisingerthinkofthetestdrive?A．Ithasn'taccomplishedanything.B．Itisofgreatimportance.C．Itendedupasafailure.D．Itwasnotsmooth.解析考查细节理解。依据其次段其次句“Itcouldn'tbemoreimportant”可知，PeterC．Theisinger认为这次试车格外重要。答案B10．WhichpartofCuriositywasdamagedaccordingtothepassage?A．Alaserinstrument.B．Awindsensor.C．Itsarm.D．Itsfourcornerwheels.解析考查细节理解。依据倒数第三段其次句可知，古怪   号火星探测器的风力传感器在着陆时受损，其他一切都完好，故答案选B项。答案B11．Curiosityismainlydesignedto______．A．searchforevidenceoflifeonMarsB．prepareforhumanlandingonMarsC．explorethenaturalresourcesonMarsD．tryoutsomescientificinstruments解析考查