2021承德市高考英语信息匹配类、阅读类五月选练及答案7

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【参考答案】1-4DAAC阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。AJeanisabrightyoungladywhocomesfromarichandfamousfamily.Shegoestoagooduniversityandhaseverythingthatmoneycanbuy.Well,almosteverythingisgood.ButtheproblemisthatJean’sfamilyaresobusythattheycanhardlyfindtimetobewithher.SoJeanspendsalotoftimeonherQQ.Shelikesbeinganonymous(匿名),talkingtopeoplewhodonotknowaboutherfamousfamilyandherrichlife.SheusesthenameLindaonQQandhasmadealotoffriendswhoshekeepsintouchwithquiteoften.LastyearJeanmadeaveryspecialfriendonQQ.HisnamewasDavidandlivedinSanFrancisco.Davidwasfullofstoriesandjokes.HeandJeanhadacommoninterestinrockmusicandmoderndance.SoitalwaystookthemhourstotalkhappilyonQQandsometimestheyevenforgottheirtime.Ofcourse,theywantedtoknowmoreabouteachother.Davidsentapictureofhimself:Hewasatall,goodlookingyoungmanwithbig,happysmile.Astimewentby,theybecamegoodfriendsandoftensentcardsandsmallthingstoeachother.WhenJean’sfathertoldherthathewasgoingonabusinesstriptoSanFrancisco,sheaskedhimtolethergowithhimsothatshecouldgiveDavidasurpriseforhisbirthday.ShewouldtakehimthelatestDVDoftheirfavoriterocksinger.ButwhensheknockedonDavid’sdoorinSanFrancisco,shefoundthatherspecialfriendwasatwelve-year-oldboynamedJim!1.JeanspendsalotofhertimeonQQbecausesheis_________.A.rich B.young C.lonely D.talkative2.Thereasonwhytheyevenforgottheirtimeisthatthey_________.A.talkedindelightonQQ B.hatedstudyC.fellinlovewitheachother D.hadsimilarhobbies3.WhydidJeanleaveherhomeforSanFrancisco?A.ToamazeDavid. B.Tobeonabusinesstrip.C.TobeinvitedtoJim'sbirthdayparty. D.TosendsomegiftstoJim.4.ThefollowingstatesaretrueaboutJeanEXCEPTthataccordingtothepassage.A.sheisauniversitystudent B.shewasborninawealthyfamilyC.shemadeafriendnamedJimyoungerthanherD.sheusesherfamilynameonherQQ5.WecouldbelievethatJeanwas_________whenseeingJimhimselfinsteadofDavidathisdoor.A.delighted B.disappointed C.regretful D.confused【参考答案】1—5、CAADB阅读理解Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty(死刑).Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrent(威慑)tomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposed（反对）tothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitistilemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrime(罪行)anyway.Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate'smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed(拒绝),somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.1.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_____.A.speakforthemajority

B.supportavetoC.speakillofthegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty答案解析：答案为D。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的“Manyarguethat…,whileothersthink...”和最终一段的首句“Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.”可知，本文争辩死刑的价值。2.WhichofthefollowingisamongtheheatedargumentsacrosstheUSAbesidesdeathpenalty?A.Airpollution. B.ThewaragainstIraq.C.Equalrights. D.Electionofpresident.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句“Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty(死刑).”可知，除了人权问题，在美国争辩最吵闹的问题是死刑。3.Thenumbersinthelastparagraphshowthat______.A.iftheysticktodeathpenalty,thenumberofmurderswillbereducedB.deathpenaltyalmoststoppedfrom1954to1963C.thepopulationofCaliforniahasrisenD.deathpenaltyisoflittlevalue答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从最终一段的其次句“Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.”和最终三句“Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed(拒绝),somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.”都是在强调死刑可以疼惜人的生命，故答案为A,假如国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会削减。由本段的第四句话“Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia…”可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在California执行，并不是废除了，故选项B错误。C选项在文中未提及，D选项与本段的中心愿思违反。4.Itcanbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat______.A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostimportantproblemintheUnitedStatestodayB.thesecondtypeofmurderers(inParagraph4)shouldbesentencedtodeathC.thevetoofthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisoflittleimportanceD.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobediscussed答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。细读第四段，由“itisonething…blindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplan…inthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder…isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为“blindanger（盲目的生气）”和“coldlyplan…inthestyleofabutcher（冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀），谋杀的程度不一样，假如是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应当判死刑。故答案为B。结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国争辩最吵闹的问题是死刑。故选项A错误。从最终一段倒数第三句话“Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.”可知，假如死刑被拒绝，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，可见死刑的拒确定疼惜人的生命有着重要的意义，C选项的意思与此相反，故错误。D选项与最终一段的首句“Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.”表达相反，故错误。【2021高考复习】任务型读写 Ifyoucanfindatreewhichhasbeencutdown，youwillseemanyrings，orcircles，onthebaseofthetrunk.Bylearningtoreadtheserings，youcanfindoutaboutthetree'slife. Thenumberofringstellsyouhowoldthetreeis.Eachyear，newwoodisformedontheoutsideofthetree.Thisnewwoodislightincolorwhenthetreeisgrowinginspringandsummer，anddarkinwinterwhenthetreeisnotgrowingmuch.So，ifyoucounttheringsofdark­or­lightcoloredwood，youcanoftenfindouthowoldthetreeis. Youcanalsotellwhichyearshavebeengoodyearsandwhichyearshavebeenbadyears.Whenthelight­coloredringsareverywide，itmeansthatthetreehasbeengrowingquicklythatyear.Iftheringsarenarrow，ithasbeengrowingslowly.Iftheringsonatreetrunkweregreatlymagnified，youwouldbeabletoseewhytheringsarelight­coloredwhenthetreeisgrowingquicklyanddark­coloredwhenthetreeisgrowingslowly.Thetreetrunkismadeupofmicroscopictubes，likesomepipes，carryingwaterfromthesoil，throughthetrunk，anduptotheleaves.Theyarewideandthin­walledwhenthetreeisgrowingquicklyandtheyarecarryingalotofwater.Theyarenarrowandstucktogetherwhenthetreeisnotgrowingsoquickly. Whenatreeisold，thetubesinthecentreofthetreedon'tcarrywater.Thewallsofthetubeshavebecomethickwithmaterialswhichhavestuckalongthemovertheyears，formingakindofwoodcalled“heartwood”．Thiskindofwoodisdarkerincolorthantheyoung，growingwoodontheoutsideofthetree. Youdon'tveryoftenseewholetreetrunkswhichhavebeencutacross.Butonceyoulearntoreadacrosssectionofthewood，youcanseemuchmoreinwoodwhichhasbeenusedtomakeboxes，housesandotherthings. Inmostwood，insteadofseeingthetrunkcutacross，youareseeingitcutalongitslength.Becauseyoudon'tseethewholetree，youcan'ttellhowolditis.Title：__20__ofaTreeGeneralinformationOldtreesItemsFactsItemsFactsWherecanringsbeseenOnthe__21__ofatrunkThetubesinthecentreofthetreeDon'tcarrywaterThe__22__ofringsHelpsusknowaboutitsageThewallsofthetubesBecome__23__；Form__24____25__light­coloredringsShowthetreegrowsquicklyNarrow__26__ringsMeanthetreegrowsslowlyMicroscopictubesFunctionCarry__27__FeaturesWideand__28__whengrowingquicklyNarrowandstucktogetherwhengrowing__29__ 【语篇解读】本文介绍了怎样从树的年轮来看树的生长状况和年龄。20．Rings/Circles[从第一段可直接得出答案。]21．base[从第一段第一句可直接得出答案。]22．number[从其次段第一句可直接得出答案。]23．thick[从第四段其次句可直接得出答案。]24．heartwood[第四段其次句可直接得出答案。]25．Wide[第三段其次句可直接得出答案。]26．dark­colored[第三段第四句可直接得知。]27．water[第三段倒数其次句可直接得知。]28．thin­walled[第三段倒数其次句可得知。]29．slowly[从第三段最终一句notgrowingsoquickly转换而来。]【上海市虹口区2022模拟】任务型阅读Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.adaptB.nativesC.identitiesD.cost-savingE.alertF.insteadG.establishedH.practicallyI.routeJ.enrolledK.significantOfficialsatBostonCollegehavemadewhatmaybeacritic