《金版学案》2022届高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(11)-

语言伴侣(11)阅读理解Foryearswehavebeendietingstrictlyaftertheyear­endovereating,afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate.Nowscientistssay,it'salittlebugthatcausesobesity(肥胖)．Astheholidayseasonwithitsabundantfeastingarrives,millionsoffoodloversarekeepinganeyeontheirfigures.ButscientistshavefoundthatweightgainisnotabouttoomuchChristmasturkeyorhotchocolates,butsomebacteriainyourguts(肠)．Chinesescientistsrecentlydiscoveredatypeofbacteriaingutsthatmaybetoblameforobesity.AresearchteamledbyZhaoLiping,aprofessorinShanghai,hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain.“Theendotoxin(内毒素)releasedbythebacteriumcanactivate(激活)agenethathelpsproducefat.Anditalsodeactivatesagenethatconsumesfat，”Zhaosays.Scientistshavelongbelievedthatmicroscopicorganismsinthegut,microbiota,mayplayaveryimportantroleinweightgain,buttheyhadneverbeenabletoproveit.In2004,AmericanmicrobiologistJeffreyGordonandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredagenerallinkbetweenobesityandgutmicrobiotainmice.Whilealinkwasbelievedtoexist,provingitwasanothermatter.“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing，”saysLitaProctor,directoroftheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth.“Buttheproblemisthatwe'reonlyabletolookatassociationsandaren'tyetabletoconductcause­and­effectstudies.”Intheclinicalstudy,researchersfoundagrowthoftoomuchendotoxin­producingbacteria,leadingto35percentofthegutbacteria,inanobesepatientwhoseinitialweightwas175kg.Basedonthisinformation,researcherstriedtocurethepatientbyfeedinghimaspecializednutritionalliquidfoodtodecreasethebacteriainhisgutstoignorableamounts.After23weeks,thepatientlost51.4kg,withhisfattyliverdiseasehavingalmostdisappeared.解题导语：科学家们发觉肥胖与肠道里的一种细菌有关。1．Wedietstrictlyaftertheyear­endovereatingbecause______．A．wewon'tbetrayourselvesB．weeattoomuchturkeyC．therearebacteriainourgutsD．wedon'twanttolookfat解析：细节理解题。依据第一段“afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate”可知是不想让别人看出身体胖，故选D。答案：D2．WhatcanbelearnedfromZhao'sresearch?A．Obesityisrelatedtoakindofbacteria.B．Healthydiethelpsreduceyourfat.C．Chocolatedoesn'tcauseweightgain.D．Toomuchfoodleadstooverweight.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段“hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain”可知肥胖与一种细菌有关，故选A。答案：A3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Scientistsdidn'ttrytofindoutthecauseofoverweight.B．Thereisalinkbetweenmice'soverweightandhuman's.C．Litaprovedthelinkbetweenbacteriaandweightgain.D．Scientistsfoundbacteriamayberelatedtomanydiseases.解析：细节理解题。依据第九段“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing”可知科学家发觉细菌跟很多疾病有关系，故选D。答案：D4．Thepatientfinallylost51.4kgofhisweightafter________.A．35percentofhisgutbacteriawerekilledB．theamountofgutbacteriawasdecreasedC．hehadaspecialkindofoperationD．hisfattyliverhaddisappeared解析：细节理解题。依据第十一段内容可知，争辩者让病人吃一种特殊的食物以削减肠道里的细菌，故选B。答案：B5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．People'seatinghabits.B．Healthylifestyles.C．Amedicaldiscovery.D．Theconsequenceofobesity.解析：主旨大意题。依据全文的内容来看，这是关于人们肥胖的一个新的发觉，故选C。答案：C语法填空Amanboughtadonkeyatthemarketonedayandtookhimhome.Themanhadalreadyownedseveraldonkeysandhekneweachone'scharacterverywell.Oneofthedonkeyswasverystrongandbrave.6.________waseagertopleasebutquicklyexhausted.Onedonkeywasverylazy.Hehatedgoingtoworkinthemorningandhedidaslittleashe7.________(possible)couldalldaylong.When8.________otheranimalswerebeingloadedup(装载货物),healwaystriedtobethelastsothathewouldgetthe9.________(light)load.Themantookthenewdonkeyintotheyard.Foramoment,hestood,10.________(sniff)athisnewcompanions.Then,withouthesitation(毫不迟疑地),hewalkeduptothelazydonkeyandbeganhavingfoodcomfortably11.________hisside.Thoughitwaslateintheday,themanimmediately12.________(lead)thenewdonkeyoutoftheyard,straightbacktothemarket.“Itcannotbeafairtrial，”saidthemerchant.“Ithasbeenonlytenminutes13.________youboughthim.”“Idon'tneedtotryhimanymore，”repliedtheman.“Iknowjust14.________heislikefromthefriendhechoseforhimself.Takehimawayandgivememymoneyback.Icandowithoutdonkeys15.________him.”解题导语：本文告知我们一个道理：观友知人。6．解析：依据上文的“severaldonkeys”可知，此处填不定代词another，表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”。答案：Another7．解析：此处填副词，在句中作状语。答案：possibly8．解析：依据语境可知，此处填定冠词the。答案：the9．解析：依据语境可知，此处填形容词的最高级形式。答案：lightest10．解析：分析句子结构