2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题02-代词(解析版)

【母题再现】题型介绍：代词辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：代词的用法辨析、不定代词的用法、反身代词的用法和代词的基本用法等。命题形式：本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（毁灭在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（毁灭在全国卷中）3.短文改错；4.阅读理解中的猜想试题中。高考选题：题型1：【2022·四川卷】1.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked

______andmovedtoCambridge.A.both

B.neither

C.none

D.either题型2：【2022·辽宁卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny: Hey!I'mjustpracticingTaiChi(太极).Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter: Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny: Itseemseasy,butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter: OK.Don'tlaugh1me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny: Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturally and2(soft). Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly,thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter: Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome3(pain)Jonny: Keep4(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthand flexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet5stayintheairforseconds.Peter: Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny: Bepatient!TaiChi6(call)“shadowboxing"inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater:tobeflexibleaswell7strong.Inrealcompetition,aTai Chimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The8(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit. Hecontrolsyou!Peter: Unbelievable!Oh...,9youdon'tmind,I'llstopandtakeadeep10.题型3：【2022·四川卷】短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.Don'tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.Ifit'safalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.题型4：【2022届江西省师大附中高三10月月考试题】Holidaysarereallyimportant.Manyofuswillhavechildhoodmemoriesofsummerholidayswhereweweretakenawayfromhometoexperiencenewenvironmentsandlearnindifferentways.Butholidaysareexpensiveand,forthoseonlowwagesorlivingonbenefits,theyareoftenunobtainable.Eventhecheapestholidaysrequiretravelandotheradditionalcoststhataredifficultformanyfamiliestomeet.Forworkingparents,thelongsummerbreakcanbeaverydifficultproblemforchildcare.Whenanannualleaveallowanceamountstoonlyfiveweeks,thereisaneedtospreadthisacrosstheyear.Couplescanfindthemselvestakingleaveinturninordertocareforchildrenwhoareonholiday.Forsomethismakesevenanaffordablefamilyholidaydifficult.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommittedtogivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.ThenumberofchildrenreceivingfreeschoolmealsisquitelargeinNottinghamandmanyschoolshavebreakfastclubstomakesurethatchildrengetahealthystarttotheday.Mostschoolsundertakeprogramsofgrouporindividualeducationalsupport.Schoolsalsohaveanimportantroleinsafeguardingchildren'swelfarethroughtheongoingtouchandsupportwiththeirpupils.Duringthelongsummerholidays,muchofthisismissed.WhileteachersareholidayingintheUK,manyoftheirpupilsspendthewholesixweeksonthestreetwheretheylive.Thelackoffreeschoolmealsforsixweekscanresultinpressureonafamilybudgetandaninabilitytoaffordtheinspiringexperiencesthathelpchildrentocontinuetheirlearning.Insettingoutitsplansforafive-termyear,NottinghamCityCouncil(委员会)isseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks,withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks,eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak.Webelievethiswillgivereal“downtime"forschoolstaffandpupilsalikebutwillbeshortenoughnottocausearealbreakinlearning.Weacknowledgethatthischangemaybedifficultforsomeschoolstaff,particularlywhoseownchildrenareeducatedinotherauthorities.However,thismustbeweighedagainstthebenefitsforcitychildrenforwhomweallhavethegreatestdutyofcare.【小题1】71.Thepassageisprobablywrittenby .A.anexperiencedteacher B.aworkingparentC.aninspiredstudent D.acitycouncilmember【小题2】72.Theunderlinedword"they"inthesecondparagraphrefersto" ’.A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits【小题3】73.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatthesummerbreakbereducedto .A.2weeks B.4.5weeks C.5weeks D.6weeks【小题4】74.Theplansforashortersummerholidaywillhelpstudents_____ .A.obtainthecheapestholidayswithoutadditionalcostsB.getachancetospendsixweeksatermwithteachersinschoolC.benefitmorefromthecaringandinspiringlearningenvironmentD.havemoreschooldaystoreceivefreeschoolmeals【小题5】75.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat _______.A.workingparentscanenjoyafive-weekbreaktocarefortheirchildrenB.thesuggestedplansforafive-termschoolyearcanhardlybecarriedoutC.thelongsummerholidaygivesteachersandstudentsreal"downtime"D.someschoolstaffwillsay“No"totheplansforashortersummerholiday【答案】【小题1】D解题技巧：从近几年的高考题来看。代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：一是不同代词之间的意义和功能，如：all，both，none，neither，either，any等意义区分；it，one，ones，that，those的不同指代功能；二是不同代词在语法特征上的差异。解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：代词类试题应留意：1、it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1．指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不行数名词)。如：Althoughwecannotseeit，thereisairallaroundus．虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的四周。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：Itissaidthathehasdiedofadisease，butitisn’ttrue．据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：——Whatisthis?这是什么?——It’sabike．是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：①Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry．婴儿哭是由于饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)②——Whoisknockingatthedoor?谁在敲门?——It’sme．是我。(5)指环境、情形等。如：①Ican’tstanditanylonger．我再也不能容忍这种状况了。②Takeiteasy．别紧急。③Itdoesn’tmatter．没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：①It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow．现在越来越冷了。②Itiswinternow．现在是冬天了。2．形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk．[谚]覆水难收。Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman．[谚]十年树木，百年树人。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：①Youmustmakeitcleartothemthatthesituationisserious．你必需向他们表明形势是严峻的。②)Theythoughtitdifficulttotalktotheguestsabouttherecentevents．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特殊提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：①Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash．假如你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感谢。②Theboylikesitwhenyoudothat．那个男孩宠爱你那样做。2、不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在确定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Couldyoudosomethingforme?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：Thereisn’tanythinginside．里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在确定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或notanything。如：Everythingisgoodwhennew，butfriendswhenold．东西是新的好，伴侣是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：①Donothingbyhalves．凡事不行半途而废。(谚语)②Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen，butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)3、it，one，ones，that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：①Whereisthatbook?Ican’tfindit．那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。②Ihaven’tgotanyerasers．Willyoupleasegivemeone?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中毁灭的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和theone可互换使用。如：Thebookisn’tsointerestingastheone/thatyouborrowed．这本书不如你借的那本好玩。(3)但that和one在多数状况下是不能互换的，主要区分在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不行数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：①ThebestcigarettesarethosefromYunnan．最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。②Theboytoldmehisstoryandthatofthegirlnextdoor．这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。Yourcoatisblue，andmynewoneisgreen．你的外套是蓝色的，我的新外套是绿色的。(4)theones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的状况下。如：Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk．桌上的那些书比桌下的好。6．another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：①Wasthereanotherwayout?还有别的路出去吗?②We’dbetterwaitanotherfiveminutes．我们最好再等五分钟。特殊提示表示“另外一个同学”只能用anotherstudent，不能说成anotheronestudent。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为theother)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为theothers)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：Oneremainedandtheotherwentaway．一个留下了，另一个走了。Weshouldlearntotreatothersasequals．我们应当学会公正待人。【考点揭秘】高频考点一：考查it的用法1【浙江省宁波市2022届高三其次次模拟】I’dappreciate______ifyoucanturntheradiodown,formybabyissleeping.A.it B.that C.this D.you【浙江省鄞州区余姚市2022届高三5月模拟】Hewasnolongera(an)____whofailedinbigevents,likethe2008BeijingOlympics,wherehefinishedanunimpressive11th.A.anythingB.nothingC.anybodyD.nobody高频考点三：考查one的用法【浙江省湖州市八校2022届高三上学期其次次联考】Thestoryconveysastrongmessage,_________thatwillhopefullytouchallwhoreadit.A.it B.that C.those D.one27【浙江省建人高复2022届高三上学期第五次月考】Forquiteafewstudents,theirteacher’sadviceismoreimportantthan_______oftheirparents’.A.oneB.that C.it D.any【浙江省象山一般高中2022届高三第一次模拟】Theoldladyissaidtohavethreechildren，twoof____studyingabroad.A.whom B.them C.all D.who【浙江省湖州市菱湖中学2022届高三10月月考】ShoppingontheInternetenablespeoplenottosearchforgoodsfromonestoreto______.A.others B.theother C.another D.therest【直击高考】代词1.【2022·全国大纲卷】25.—Who’sthatatthedoor?—isthemilkman.A.HeB.It C.ThisD.That2.【2022·全国大纲卷】28.IthinkMrs.Starkcouldbe_______between50and60yearsofage.A.anywhere B.anybody C.anyhowD.anything3.【2022·重庆卷】1.Asmilecosts_______,butgivesmuch.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything4.【2022·山东卷】4.Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her5.【2022·江西卷】32.---WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?----___.I’llbeinallday.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either6.【2022·浙江卷】3.

Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,making______thedriestyearsinceCalifornia

becameastatein1850.

A.each

B.it

C.this

D.one7.【2022·福建卷】21.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesandforks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all8.【2022·江苏卷】34.Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing9.【2022·陕西卷】21.I’dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.it B.you C.one D.this10.【2022·安徽卷】24．Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.hereiswillingtolendyouahand.A.OneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.Someone【课后反馈】夯实基础：1.【2022届四川省成都高毕业班第一次诊断性检测】Myownhandwritingstyleisdifferentfrom_______ofmyfriends.AitB.thisC.thatD.one考点：考查代词的用法。2.【2022届四川省成都外国语学校高三10月月考试题】Howeverdifficultyoufindtoarrangeyourtime,itwillpayoffinthelongrun.A.this B.one C.it D.that3.【2022届四川省成都市乐山一中高三10月月考试题】Althoughhelikessingingverymuch,heisbutasinger.A.anythingB.somethingC.everthingD.nothing4.2022届四川省宜宾市南溪二中高三9月月考试题】一Iboughtthiscoatattaobao．com． —Itlooksbeautiful．AsIambusy，canyoubuyforme? A．this B．that C．such D．one5．【2022届四川省苍溪中学高三下学期月考试题】Chinesenewtrafficrulesin2021givemoreseverepunishmenttooffenderscomparedwith______carriedoutinpreviousyears.A.that B.those C.one D.it力气拓展：6．【2022届广西桂林十八校其次次月考】Ifyouwanttochangeforaredoneyou'llhavetopay___________$20.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each_7．【2022届天津一中5月考】8.–ItissaidthatFrankisveryrichandisalwayschanginghisprivatecars.Whatishe?–_______ofamanager,Iamnotsure.A.Somebody B.Anyone C.Something D.Anything8．【2022届浙江省五校其次次联考】8.Althoughwemaynotrealize________,whenwetalkwithotherswemakeourselvesunderstoodnotjustbywordsbutalsobybodymovements. A.it B.them C.that D.ourselves9．【2022届江西省重点中学协作体其次次联考】26.______oftheparentshasconfirmeditwastheirchild’sfaulttobelateforclass,sayingtheschoolbuscamelaterthanusual.A.Both

B.Either

C.None

D.Neither10．【2022届甘肃民乐一中5月诊断】Oneday,abouttenyearsago,whileworkingatthecashregisterinthegiftshopatmyUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory,Isaw

41_______

elderlycouplecomeinwithalittlegirlinawheelchair.

AsIlooked

42________

(close)

atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewasfixedonherchair.Ithenrealizedshehadnoarmsorlegs,justahead,aneckand

upperbody,

43_______

(dress)inalittlewhiteskirt.

Asthecouplewheeledheruptome,Iturnedmyheadtowardthegirl.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback

44________

thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.Allofasudden,her

handicap

wasgoneandallIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,45

________

smilejustmeltedme

46_______

almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseof

47_______

lifeisallabout.Shetookmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudentand

48___________

(bring)meintoherworld;aworldofsmiles,loveand

49__________

(warm).I’masuccessfulbusinessmannowandwheneverIthinkaboutthetroublesoftheworld,Ithinkaboutthatlittlegirlandtheremarkablelessonaboutlifethatshetaught

50_________

.【答案】【小题1】an

自我提升：11．【2022届四川省成都七中高三二诊模拟英语试题】--Doyouhaveanymorebagsofthissize?--I’sorrywe’vesold________butthisone.A.any B.some C.all D.none12．【2022届四川省绵阳市高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题】——Howmanyofyoumadeittothetopofthemountainintheend?——______.Itwasreallytough.A.Noone B.Neither C.None D.Nobody13．【2022届甘肃嘉峪关一中六模】China'sTeaVillages InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearin___41___localsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomebusycentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepare___42___teaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,__43___(thank)heavenforitsblessing.Thepriceoftea___44___(pick)inMarchisextremelyhighbecause__45___isfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements. China___46___(be)famousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.Ofthegoodstransportedandtradedalong__47___OldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceofteawasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellow__48___dark(akapost-fermented)tea.TheOolong,greenandblack__49___(vary)aremostnotablefortheirhighquality. MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,__50___thebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.14．【2022届甘肃兰州一中冲刺卷四】该文中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改十处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。FangTongis34yearsold,anactor,directorandteacherofBeijingOperaTheatre.MostofhisstudentsarefromotherpartofChinaandhavecometoBeijingataveryyoungageofsixteenorseventeen.Hehopescreateanenvironmentforhisstudentsthatitismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedtostudyin.Hethoughtthatanactorshouldrelaxhimselfwhenperforming.Yethisstudentsdeeprespecthimandheneverneedstoraisehisvoiceinordertobehearing.Forhisopinion,actorsshouldgoonevenwhenhefeeltheyhavemadeamistakeintheirperformancesbecausethemomentisalreadygonebutpeoplecanneverbebacktoit.Soartisalwayschanginganddeveloping. 15．（南京市2022届高三班级学情调研卷）SomethingthathasalwaysinterestedmeaboutAbrahamLincolnis，notsurprisingly，hisenseofhumor.AsfarasIcantell，he'sthefirstAmericanPresidenttohaveone．That'sbecausetheterm“senseofhumor”reallywasn'tincommonusageuntiltheighteen-sixtiesandseventies．Intheeighteen-fortiesandfifties，itwascalled“thesenseoftheridiculous,"anddidn'thavethepositiveconnotations（隐含意义）that“senseofhumor"hastoday.Backthen，whatwasridiculouswaswhatinvitedridicule（讥笑）．Funninessandcrueltywenthandinhand．Ofcourse，theystilldoalotofarm-in-armwalkinginourdayaswell．Lincoln’shumorwasverydifferentbecause，foronething，itwasactually"humor＂aswhatthewordmeantinhistime.Wedon'tmakethedistinctionbetween"wit（风趣）”and"humor”anymore;butinthenineteenthcenturypeopledid．Witwasunpleasantandoffensivewhilehumorwaspleasantandsympathetic．It’sthedifferencewenotenowwhenwedistinguishbetween"laughingwith”and“laughingat．”Lincolnwasmuchmoreabout"laughingwith”than"laughingat．”Andwhen“laughingat，”itwasoftenhimselfhewasteasing.InthefamousLincoln-Douglasdebates，whenDouglasaccusedLincolnofbeingtwo-faced，Lincolnreplied，referencinghisplainlooking，“Honestly，ifIweretwo-faced，wouldIbeshowingy