2022高考英语阅读理解和单项选择练习(15)及答案

单项填空1．Inthislecture，Icanonlygiveyouapurely______viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.A．private B．personalC．unique D．different解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次演讲中，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你(们)纯粹的个人观点，并就将来提一些建议。private“个人的，私人的；私有的，私立的”；personal“(意见或感觉)个人的，自己的；私密的，隐私的”；unique“(某个地方或状况)下独一无二的，仅有的，唯一的；独特的”；different“不同的”。依据词义及语境推断，personal正确。答案B2．Dadisusedtosmokinganddrinking.There’snochance____I’mabletotalkhiminto_____.A．whether；givingitupB．ofwhether；givingthemupC．that；gettingridofthemD．which；stoppingit解析There’snochancethat...没有可能……。答案C3．He’s______tofailtheexamifhedoesn’tdoanyrevision.A．difficult B．fairC．bound D．absurd解析beboundtodo“确定做某事”。句意：假如他一点也不复习，他确定会考不及格的。答案C4．Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas______it.A．infavourof B．inmemoryofC．inhonourof D．insearchof解析infavourof赞成，支持；inmemoryof纪念；inhonourof为了对……表示敬意；insearchof查找。答案A5．Iam______yoursuggestion______weshouldspendmoretimeonthisproject.A．infavourof；which B．inhonorof；thatC．infavourof；that D．inhonorof；which解析句意：我很赞成你的建议那就是我们应当在这个工程上花费更多的时间。infavourof赞成；inhonorof向……表示敬意；为纪念……。其次个空为that引导的同位语从句。答案C6．Hecouldn’tresist______hisnewcar.A．toshowon B．showingonC．toshowoff D．showingoff解析can’tresistdoingsth.禁不住做某事；showoff炫耀。答案D7．Thoughateenager，Fredcouldresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A．tobetold B．havingtoldC．beingtold D．tohavebeentold解析resistdoing抵制干某事，别人告知他应做什么，不做什么，所以用被动。答案C8．Thethirty­storeybuildingisoneofthemostchallengingengineeringprojectstheyhaveever______.A．undergone B．overtakenC．understood D．undertaken解析undertake“负责，从事”。句意：那座30层的大楼是他们负责的最有挑战性的工程之一。答案D9．You’vedonesomuchwork—you______passtheexam.A．arelikelyto B．havetoC．can D．areboundto解析句意：你已下了这么多功夫了，你确定能通过考试。beboundtodo确定能做……。答案D10．Don’t______yourfatheraboutitnow；heisverytired.A．care B．botherC．set D．get解析bothersb.about...麻烦某人……。句意：现在不要拿这个去麻烦你父亲，他很累了。答案B11．Thereisaboardbytheroad，which________“Parking______！”A．writes；forbidding B．reading；forbiddingC．says；forbidden D．saying；forbidden解析第一空意为“牌子上写着”，可用says或reads，由于是从句的谓语动词，不用reading或saying，其次空是forbidparking的变化形式，由于两者之间为动宾关系，所以应是Parkingforbidden！＝Noparking！禁止停车！答案C12．—LiFengwonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcompetition.—Oh，really？I’mgladthathereffortsatlast______.A．workedout B．gotbackC．paidoff D．turnedout解析下句意为“我很兴奋她的努力最终有了好结果。”payoff(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。又如：Thegamblepaidoff.赌赢了。答案C13．Hewasinpoorhealth，sothedoctor______himtodrinkwine.A．hoped B．demandedC．forbade D．prevented解析句意：由于身体差，医生禁止他喝酒。用forbid符合句意。答案C14．—Believeme，allyoureffortswill______someday.—Thanksforyourencouragement.A．payback B．paydownC．payoff D．payup解析句意：——请信任我，你全部的努力总有一天会得到回报的。——感谢你的鼓舞。payback还钱；报复；paydown付现金；payoff得到回报；payup全部付清。答案C15．—HowdoCanadiansliketobecalled?—Mostofthemdon’tobject______thembytheirfirstnames.A．thatyoucall B．forcallingC．toyourcalling D．tocall解析objectto(one’s)doingsth.反对(某人)做某事。答案C阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。TimRichterandhiswife,Linda,hadtaughtforover30yearsnearBuffalo,Notlongafterthesurgery,TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,aprogramstartedbyDollyParton’sfoundation(基金会)thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger’shometownofSevier,Tennessee.“Ithought,maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenweretire,“Timrecalls.Heplacedthebrochureonhisdesk,“asareminder."Fiveyearslater,nowretiredandwiththatbrochurestillonthedesk,Timclickedonimaginationlibrary.com.Theprogramhadbeenopeneduptopartnerswhocouldtakeadvantageofbookandpostagediscounts.ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters.Ratherthansignuponline,theywenttoDollywoodforalook-see.“Wedidn’twanttogivethechildrenrubbish,"saysLinda.Thebooks—reviewedeachyearbyteachers,literacyspecialists,andDollywoodboardmembers—includedclassicssuchasEzraJackKeats’sTheSnowyDayandnewerbookslikeAnnaDewdney’sLlamaLlamaseries.Satisfied,thecouplesetuptheRichterFamilyFoundationandgottowork.Since2004,theyhaveshippedmorethan12,200bookstopreschoolersintheirarea.MeganWilliams,amotheroffour,ismorethanappreciative:“ThisprogramintroducesustobooksI’veneverheardof."TheRichtersspendabout$400amonthsendingbooksto200children.“Somepeoplesitthereandwaittodie,“saysTim.“Othersgetasbusyastheycaninthetimetheyhaveleft."1.WhatledTimtothinkseriouslyaboutthemeaningoflife?A.Hishealthproblem.B.Hisloveforteaching.C.Theinfluenceofhiswife.D.ThenewsfromtheWeb.2.WhatdidTimwanttodoafterlearningaboutImaginationLibrary?A.Giveoutbrochures.B.Dosomethingsimilar.C.Writebooksforchildren.D.Retirefrombeingateacher.3.Accordingtothetext,DollyPartonis.A.awell-knownsurgeonB.amotherofafour-year-oldC.asingerborninTennesseeD.acomputerprogrammer4.WhydidtheRichtersgotoDollywood?A.Toavoidsigninguponline.B.TomeetDollywoodboardmembers.C.Tomakesurethebookswerethenewest.D.Toseeifthebookswereofgoodquality.5.WhatcanwelearnfromTim’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Heneedsmoremoneytohelpthechildren.B.Hewonderswhysomepeoplearesobusy.C.Hetriestosavethosewaitingtodie.D.Heconsidershiseffortsworthwhile.【参考答案】1—5、ABCDD【2021高考复习】阅读理解OneofthefoundingfathersoftheInternethaspredictedtheendoftraditionaltelevision.VintCerf，whohelpedtobuildtheInternetwhileworkingasaresearcherinAmerica，saidthatthetelevisionwasapproachingits“iPodmoment”．InthesamewaythatpeoplenowdownloadtheirfavoritemusicontotheiriPod，hesaidthatviewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.“85%ofallvideoswewatchareprerecorded，soyoucansetyoursystemtodownloadthemallthetime，”saidMrCerf，whoisnowthevicepresidentofGoogle，theworld’slargestsearchengine.“You’restillgoingtoneedlivetelevisionforcertainthings—likenews，sportingeventsandemergencies—butincreasinglyitisgoingtobealmostliketheiPod.”AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK，theBBC，ITVandChannel4haveallspentvastsumsofmoneyontechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavoriteshowsontheircomputers.Butsomecritics(批判人士)，includingsomeInternetserviceproviders，havewarnedthattheInternetwillcollapsewithmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametime.Overthenextfouryears，itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheInternetwillbefourtimesasbigasthat.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”，whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstogetittonormal.ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scarethoughts”，sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothattheNetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitalltogether.“Inthepast30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes...We’refarfromreachingthecapacity，”hesaid，“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”【语篇解读】随着网络技术的进展，传统的电视将有可能退出历史的舞台。1．WhatwouldhappentotelevisionaccordingtoVintCerf?A．Televisionwouldcometoanend.B．Televisionwouldbereplacedbythecomputer.C．ViewerswouldpreferwatchingTVprogramsdownloadedontheircomputers.D．MostpeoplewouldprefertheInternettotelevision.解析细节理解题。依据其次段第一句中的“viewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.”可知，人们宠爱将最宠爱的节目下载到电脑上进行观看，因此选C。答案C2．“iPodmoment”referstothetimewhen________.A．peoplecanenjoythelivebroadcastoftelevisionB．peoplecandownloadcontenttolookatlaterC．allprogramsarerecordedwithcarefulplanD．thecomputerandtelevisionarecloselycombined解析推理推断题。依据其次段叙述可知，像把音乐下载到iPod一样，人们能将最宠爱的电视节目下载到电脑上，稍后观看，故B项正确。答案B3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，MrCerfheldtheideathat______.A．theInternetwillcollapsewithmanypeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametimeB．theNetwillcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstarttouseitalltogetherC．theInternetservicewillbreakdownwithmanyvideoswatchedovertheInternetD．people’sdownloadingTVprogramsontheircomputerswon’tcausethecollapseoftheInternet解析推理推断题。依据最终一段内容尤其是第一句可知，MrCerf认为即使人们把电视节目下载到电脑中，也不会导致网络瘫痪。答案D阅读理解。Airpollutionisdamaging60%ofEurope’sprimewildlifesitesinmeadows,forestsandbushes,accordingtoanewreport.AteamofEUscientistssaidnitrogenemissions(氮排放)fromcars,factoriesandfarmingwerethreateningbiodiversity.It’sthesecondreportthisweekwarningoftheon-goingrisksandthreatslinkedtonitrogenpollution.Nitrogenintheatmosphereisharmlessinitsinert(惰性的)state,butthereportsaysreactiveformsofnitrogen,largelyproducedbyhumanactivity,canbeamenacetothenaturalworld.Emissionsmostlycomefromvehicleexhausts(排气),factories,artificialfertilizers(肥料)andanimalwastefromintensivefarming.Thereactivenitrogentheyemittotheairdisruptstheenvironmentintwoways:Itcanmakeacidicsoilstooacidictosupporttheirpreviousmixofspecies.Butprimarily,becausenitrogenisafertilizer,itfavorswildplantsthatcanmaximizetheuseofnitrogentohelpthemgrow.Ineffect,someofthenitrogenspreadtofertilizecropsiscarriedintheatmospheretofertilizeweeds,possiblyagreatdistancefromwherethechemicalswerefirstapplied.Theeffectsoffertilizationandacidificationfavorcommonaggressivespecieslikegrasses,bramblesandnettles.Theyharmmoredelicatespecieslikemosses(苔藓),andinsect-eatingsundewplants.Thereportsaid60%ofwildlifesiteswerenowreceivingacriticalloadofreactivenitrogen.Thereport’sleadauthor,DrKevinHicksfromtheUniversityofYork’sStockholmEnvironmentInstitute(SEI),toldBBCNewsthatEngland’sPeakDistricthadadefinitelylowrangeofspeciesasaresultofthereactivenitrogenthatfellonthearea.“Nitrogencreatesaratherbigproblemthatseemstometohavebeengiventoolittleattention,”hesaid.“Governmentsareresponsibleforprotectingareaslikethis,buttheyareclearlyfailing.”Hesaidmoreresearchwasneededtounderstandtheknock-oneffectsforcreaturesfromthechangesinvegetationaccidentallycausedbyemissionsfromcars,industryandfarms.Attheconference,therepresentativesagreed“TheEdinburghDeclarationonReactiveNitrogen”.Thedocumenthighlightstheimportanceofredu