2022《创新设计》江苏专用高考英语二轮专题复习-冲刺演练-综合模拟预测卷(四)

综合模拟猜想卷(四)选择题部分(共80分)第一部分：英语学问应用(共两节，满分30分)第一节：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．—I'mplanningtogotoKingdomofCambodiathissummervacation.Ithinkthetripwillbeexciting. —________，asit'stherainyseasonthen. A．Yes,itwill B．Ofcoursenot C．Youcansayso D．It'shardtosay 答案D[考查交际英语的用法。句意：——今年暑假我方案去柬埔寨王国。我认为这次旅游将会很令人兴奋。——很难说，由于那时那里正是雨季。A.Yes,itwill是的，它会的；B.Ofcoursenot当然不会；C.Youcansayso可以这样说；D.It'shardtosay很难说。依据下文的“那里那时正是雨季”，因此，去柬埔寨王国旅行不愿定是令人兴奋的。很难说。故推断选D。]2．—Whyareyousocrazyaboutmusic? —BecauseIcanalwaysfindinmusic________peacethatismissingin________worldfullofchallenges. A．the；aB．the；/ C．/；a D．/；the 答案A[考查冠词的用法。句意：——为什么你对音乐那么痴迷？——由于我在音乐中能找到在一个布满竞争的世界里失去的那种安静。空后的peace后有定语从句thatismissing，故应特指，填the；其次空是泛指，“一个布满竞争的世界”，故填a。故推断选A。]3．—Howdidyoumakecontactwiththetravelagent,Susan? —Oh,that'seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided. A．thatB．inwhich C．ofwhich D．whose 答案C[考查定语从句的用法。句意：苏珊，你怎么与旅游公司联系上的？——哦，很简洁。我在因特网上搜了一下，然后给其中一个供应电话号码的打电话。ofwhich引导one的定语从句，并在从句中作定语，ofwhichthetelephonenumber＝whosetelephonenumber。故推断选C。]4．ThefirsttimeI________Todd,he________tosomestudentsattheEnglishcorner. A．hadseen；wastalked B．saw；talked C．hadseen；talked D．saw；wastalking 答案D[考查时态的用法。句意：我第一次见到Todd时，他正在英语角和一些同学讲话。第一空说的是动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。其次空指在我见到他时，他正在和一些同学谈话，表示过去一个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或状态应用过去进行时。故推断选D。]5．It'sanarttobeparents.Withchildren,ifyousay“no”，youhavetomean________． A．thatB．this C．it D．one 答案C[考查代词的用法。句意：做父母是种艺术。有了孩子，假如你说“不”，你得是认真的。meanit可以表示“认真的”。其他三个选项不用于这种短语。所以选C。]6．________heisenthusiasticandqualifiedforthejob,Iseenoreasontoremovehimfromoffice. A．Providedthat B．Eventhough C．Unless D．Asif 答案A[考查条件状语从句的用法。句意：假如他对工作有热忱并且是称职的，我没有理由让他卸任。provided不是过去分词，而是连词，作“假如，只要”解。B.Eventhough即使；C.Unless除非，假如不；D.Asif好像。故推断选A。]7．________，everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica. A．Absurdasmightitsound B．Asitmightsoundabsurd C．Asabsurditmightsound D．Absurdasitmightsound 答案D[考查状语从句的用法。句意：虽然它听起来荒诞，在场的每个人都被他在非洲的冒险故事逗乐了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句应倒装，从句的句子结构是：形容词/副词/动词/名词＋as/though＋主谓，表示“虽然”。如：Cleverasheis，heoftenappearsfoolishsometimes尽管他很聪慧，但他有时看起来很傻。故推断选D。]8．—Itisamysteryandashocktoallwhoknewhimthathe________havetakenhisownlifeinthisway. —Whatapity,indeed. A．mustB．may C．can D．should 答案D[考查情态动词的用法。句意：——对于全部生疏他的人都是一个谜也是一种震惊，他竟然用这种方式过他自己的生活。——真地很圆满！A.must必需；B.may可能；C.can能够；D.should应当，竟然。should可表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今日怎么来得这么晚？故推断选D。]9．WithmanycitiesinChinadreadfullyblanketedbythickhaze,theenvironmentproblemis________Chinesepeopleconcernmostnowadays. A．whatB．which C．where D．when 答案A[考查表语从句的用法。句意：由于中国很多城市都被可怕的雾霾掩盖，环境问题是现在中国人关注最多的问题。表语从句中缺少concern的宾语，能够在表语从句中作主语或宾语的用what。which在引导表语从句是作定语，如：Theproblemiswhichsideweshouldtake问题是我们应当站在哪一边。where在表语从句中作地点状语；when在表语从句中作时间状语。故推断选A。]10．—Doyouknow________madehimsuccessfulinhiscareer? —Yes.Hishardworkanddetermination,ofcourse. A．whatitwasthat B．whatwasitthat C．itwaswhatthat D．wasitwhatthat 答案A[考查强调句型的用法。句意：——您知道是什么使他获得职业的成功的吗？是的，当然是他辛勤的工作和决心。空后是know的宾语从句，宾语从句使用的是强调句型。强调句型的结构是Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋不被强调的部分。该结构的疑问句结构是Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋不被强调的部分？该结构的特殊疑问句结构是：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋不被强调的部分？该宾语从句中强调的是疑问词what，从句应用陈述语气，故推断选A。]11．Whatagreatweightshefelt________offhermindthemomentsheheardshehadbeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity. A．takeB．totake C．taking D．taken 答案D[考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：她一听说她被一所重点高校录用，马上就觉得心中除去了一个很沉重的负担。挖空处用过去分词takenoff作宾语weight的补足语，构成了“feel＋宾语＋宾补”句式。这是感叹句，假如把句式变成正常的即是：shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermindthemomentsheheardshehadbeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity!themoment在句中引导时间状语从句。故推断选D。]12．Weshallnotstarttheprojectuntilit________bythecommittee. A．willbeapproved B．approves C．hasbeenapproved D．istoapprove 答案C[考查时态和语态的用法。句意：在委员会通过之前，我们决不能开头这个项目。until引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，排解A、D；project与approve是动宾关系，即项目是被通过的，应当使用被动语态，排解B，故选C。]13．—Ilikethisdressbetterthanthatone. —________，butitcostsalmosttwice________． A．SodoI；asmuch B．NeitherdoI；asmany C．SoIam；somuch D．NeitheramI；somany 答案A[考查比较状语从句和特殊句式的用法。句意：——和那件连衣裙相比，我更宠爱这件。——我也宠爱，但它贵一倍。表示另一种状况也怎么样，答语一般使用“so＋助动词＋主语”结构，助动词依据前一句的动词确定，数依据倒装句的主语确定。如：—Heisworkinghard.—Soishisbrother.——他工作很努力。——他弟弟也一样。其次空考查的倍数表达法。将句子还原就是：...butitcostsalmosttwiceasmuchasthatone。英语中倍数表达法的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as。如：Thisclassroomisthreetimesaslargeasouroffice.这间教室是我们办公室的三倍。故推断选A。]14．Thedoctortriedtolaughmybrother________hisfearsaboutthecomingoperation. A．fromB．against C．off D．into 答案C[考查介词的用法。句意：医生试图用笑驱除我弟弟对即将到来的手术的恐惊感。laughsboffsth一笑置之，以笑来驱除。如：Thegirlwasbraveenoughtolaughherselfoffherpain.这姑娘很英勇，把痛不当回事。故推断选C。]15．Don'tsighoverthesmallachievement.________，andI'msureifyoukeepatit,you'llseethelightattheendofthetunnel! A．Lookers-onseemostofthegame B．Constantdrippingwearsawaythestone C．Theworldisyouroyster D．Losttimeisneverfoundagain 答案B[考查谚语的用法。句意：不要为小小的成功而叹气。滴水穿石，我信任假如你坚持下去，你就会看到成功的曙光。A.旁观者清；B.滴水穿石；C.你可随心所欲了；D.时不再来。故推断选B。]16．Torecognizeandrespectacountry'sownculturedoesnotmeantoclosethedoortotheothers，________tostanduponaprincipleofbeingsuperior. A．anditmeans B．butitmeans C．sodoesitmean D．neitherdoesitmean 答案D[考查倒装句的用法。句意：承认和敬重一个国家自己的文化不意味着闭关锁国，也不意味着站在更高级的原则之上。前一分句是否定句，后一分句应用Neither或nor倒装。故推断选D。]17．Thoughthecollegeentranceexamisdrawingnear,studyshouldn'ttakeupallofyourtime.It'simportantto________sometimeforrelaxationandhobbiesaswell. A．putawayB．setaside C．laydown D．takeoff 答案B[考查动词短语的用法。句意：尽管高考接近了，学习也不能占用你的全部时间。为放松和爱好留出一些时间也是很重要的。settimeasidefor为……留出时间。putaway放起来；laydown放下；takeoff脱下。故推断选B。]18．Havingagoodcommandofthelanguageofthecountrywhereyouaregoingtostudyisnecessary,becauselanguageskillsaffect________youperformacademically. A．howB．that C．what D．when 答案A[考查宾语从句的用法。句意：把握一个你即将去的那个国家的语言是必要的，由于语言技能影响你的学术表现怎么样。how引导宾语从句youperform，并在从句中作方式状语。故推断选A。]19．SpeakinginaninspectioninYunnanProvince，XiJinpingsaidauthoritiesmust________povertyremovaleffortstosupportthebuildingofarichandsuccessfulcountry. A．anticipateB．allocate C．appreciate D．accelerate 答案D[考查动词的用法。句意：在云南视察时，习近平说政府将增加扶贫力度以加速富强、成功的国家建设。anticipate期望；allocate支配，拨出，使坐落于；appreciate观赏，感谢；accelerate加速。故推断选D。]20．TheyallqueueduptobeamongthefirsttobuyiPhone6,buttheyallendedup________—itwasonlyatrick. A．rewarded B．shocked C．disappointing D．embarrassing 答案B[考查形容词的用法。句意：他们都排队争先购买iPhone6，但是他们都以震惊结束了，这只是一个玩笑。依据破折号后的推断。rewarded奖赏的；shocked震惊的；disappointing感到无望的；embarrassing令人尴尬的。故推断选B。]其次节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Ihadmyfirstchocolatebaratfiveyearsold.I'llneverforgetthedelicioustaste.Butthesituationwasanythingbut__21__．ItwasWorldWarⅡ.Manypeopleinourvillagefledinpanic.Only__22__wereallowedtoboardthetrain.Justbeforedeparture，awomantravelingalonepulledmeontothetraintogetthe__23__．TheentiretripIcriedformymother.WearrivedinHamburg.Nowthatthewomanhadescaped，shehadnomore__24__forme.Ilivedonthestreets，survivingby__25__food.I'dslipintothemesshall，hideunderatableand__26__offwithloavesoffreshbread.OneafternoonasI__27__nearatentinsearchoffood，ahugehandliftedmeup__28__thecollar.ItwasanAmericansoldier.“Gotyou！”heshouted.Iwas__29__，andIcouldseeitupsethim.“It's__30__，kid，”hesaid.Hereachedintohisjacketandhandedmea__31__．Iunwrappeditandtookabite.IthoughtI'dgoneto__32__．Fouryearslater，Iwastakenbythesoldiertoanorphanage(孤儿院)inAmerica.Soonafter，afamilywholivedinPennsylvania__33__me.Later，Ijoinedthearmy，andthenattended__34__．EventuallyIearnedamaster'sdegreeinclinicalsocialwork.Iwantto__35__backallthepeoplewhoweresogoodtome，Iprayed.Soin1983Iwenttoworkasaclinicaladviser，treatingretired__36__whosufferfrompost－warstresssyndrome.ThetroubledsoldierswonderedhowIcanpossibly__37__themorhelpeasetheirpain.Thatis__38__Itellthemmystory，andaboutthesoldiersenttosavemylife.Ineverdidlearnhisname，butIrememberhis__39__．AndthenIopenedadrawerinmydeskthatisalwaysfulland__40__themsomechocolate.【语篇解读】一个人的一生不会是一帆风顺的。不管你经受了惊涛骇浪，还是小小的考验，只要活下来就是幸运的，离幸福也只有一步之遥。带着一颗感恩的心，去生活、去与人交往，坚持自己心中的幻想与承诺，就定能为他人带去一点欢快、给自己的心灵一丝劝慰。21．A.bitter B．sweet C．strange D．familiar 答案B[由下文“ItwasWorldWarⅡ”可知，巧克力棒的味道是甜蜜的，但是形势却不乐观。]22．A.women B．children C．troops D．families 答案D[由下文一位妇女为了上车把作者拉上可知，当时只有一个家庭才可以上火车。下文的“travelingalone”也是示意。]23．A.chance B．money C．prize D．reward 答案A[结合上下文，可知这位妇女拉上作者是为了获得坐上火车逃跑的机会。]24．A.likeB．room C．use D．time 答案C[现在，那个女人已经逃离了，她就开头厌烦作者了。havenousefor“厌烦……”。]25．A.sellingB．begging C．making D．stealing 答案D[由下文“I'dslipintothemesshall，hideunderatableand...”可知作者是靠偷食物谋生的。]26．A.leaveB．make C．take D．turn 答案B[作者溜进脏乱的食堂，藏在一张桌子底下，然后带着长条面包离开。makeoff“逃离”；动词leave表示离开时，无需再用off。]27．A.wandered B．slept C．hid D．played 答案C[结合上下文可知作者是靠偷食物谋生，因此他的动作应是“藏”在帐篷四周。]28．A.byB．on C．in D．through 答案A[表示揪某人衣领时，常用“动词＋某人＋bythecollar”。这时有一只大手抓住作者的衣领把作者拎了起来。]29．A.excitedB．amused C．alarmed D．scared 答案D[作者可怕极了。偷东西被抓心里确定担忧可怕(scared)。]30．A.fine B．okay C．serious D．common 答案B[依据“Hereachedintohisjacket...tookabite”可知，这位士兵格外友好，不仅没有责怪作者，反而给他东西吃。因此此处用“okay”。]31．A.icecream B．candy C．chocolatebar D．cookie 答案C[结合全文尤其是第一段以及最终一段，可知这位士兵给作者吃的是一根巧克力棒。]32．A.heaven B．hell C．prison D．hospital 答案A[作者不仅没有受到惩处，反而有东西吃，所以感觉格外好，就像进入了天堂。]33．A.adapted B．rejected C．employed D．adopted 答案D[由语境可知，作者被送到孤儿院后，一个家庭收养了他。]34．A.churchB．college C．patients D．clubs 答案B[由下文“EventuallyIearnedamaster'sdegreeinclinicalsocialwork”可知作者上了高校。]35．A.takeB.call C．pay D．bring 答案C[作者祈祷说，他要报答全部挂念过自己的人。payback“报答，回报”。]36．A.teachers B．workers C．officials D．soldiers 答案D[由下文“thetroubledsoldierswonderedhow...”可知，作者特地治疗那些退伍军人。]37．A.cure B．understand C．repay D．discover 答案B[患病的士兵们怀疑作者怎么会理解他们，怎么能挂念他们减轻苦痛。]38．A.whenB．where C．how D．what 答案A[每当这个时候，作者都会告知他们他的故事，叙述那位营救他的美国士兵。]39．A.honesty B．courage C．kindness D．appearance 答案C[本篇叙述了美国士兵挂念作者的故事，他给作者东西吃，还把作者送到孤儿院，因此作者始终记得他的和善。]40．A.sold B．showed C．cooked D．offered 答案D[然后，作者会打开办公桌上一个装满美味巧克力的抽屉，拿出巧克力来请他们品尝。offersbsth“给某人供应某物”。]其次部分：阅读理解(第一节20小题，其次节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分)第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AHometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia．It'sfuntocomehome.Itlooksthesame.Itsmellsthesame.You'llrealizewhat'schangedisyou.Homeiswherewecanrememberpain,love,andsomeotherexperiences.Wepartedhere；Myparentsmethere；Iwonthreechampionshipshere.IfIclosemyeyes,Icanstillhaveaclearpictureinmindofmyfirsthome.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofasurroundingalowglass－topwoodentable.Totherightofthelivingroomismyfirstbedroom.It'sempty,butit'swheremyearliestmemoriesare.ThereisthediningroomtablewhereIcelebratedbirthdays,andwhereIcriedonHalloween—whenIdidn'twanttoweartheskirtmymothermadeforme.Ialwayslikedstandingonthattablebecauseitmademefeeltallandstrong.IfIsitatthistable,Icanseemyfavoriteroominthehouse,myparents'room.Itissimple：abrownwoodendresserlinestherightsideofthewallnexttoatelevisionandacoupleofphotosofmygrandparentsoneachside.Theirbedismysafezone.Icanjumponitanytime—wakingupmyparentsifIamscaredorifIhaveanimportantannouncementthatcannotwaituntilthemorning.I'mluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexists.Itexistsinmymindandheart,onaphysicalpropertyonWest64thstreetonthewesternedgeofLosAngeles.It'sproofIlived，Igrew,andIlearned.SometimeswhenIfeellost,Iliedownandshutmyeyes,andIgohome.Iknowit'swhereI'llfindmyfamily,mydogs,andmybelongings.IpurposelyleavethewindowopenatnightbecauseIknowI'llbeblamedbyMom.ButIdon'tmind,becauseIwanttohearhersaymyname,whichremindsmeI'mhome.【语篇解读】本文主要叙述了作者在原来的家中对过去的回忆。41．What'stheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraph? A．happiness B．sadness C．feeling D．sadnessmixedwithpleasureandaffection 答案D[词义猜想题。依据前文可以猜想这种感觉是回到家时的感觉，从后文可以看出作者回到家是悲喜混合的一种感觉，故选D。]42．Whydoestheauthorcallherparents'bedher“safezone”(Paragraph3)? A．Itisherfavoriteplacetoplay. B．Herneedscanbesatisfiedthere. C．Hergrandparents'photosarelinedoneachside. D．Herparentsalwaysplaytogetherwithherthere. 答案B[细节理解题。依据文中第三段最终一句话“Icanjumponitanytime—wakingupmyparentsifIamscaredorifIhaveanimportantannouncementthatcannotwaituntilthemorning”可知在父母的床上，作者可以“为所欲为”，故选B。]43．Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage? A．Theoldfurnitureisstillintheauthor'sfirstbedroom. B．TheauthorcanstillvisitherfirstphysicalhomeinLosAngeles. C．Theauthor'sfavoriteroominherfirsthomeisthediningroom. D．Manypeopleoftheauthor'sagecanstillfindtheirfirstphysicalhomes. 答案B[细节理解题。依据文中其次段最终一句it'sempty可知A错误，依据文中第三段第三句可知作者最宠爱的房间是parents'room可知C错误，D项与文中不符，故选B。]44．Sometimeswhenshefeelslost,theauthorwill________． A．openthewindowatnight B．liedowninbedtohaveadream C．trytobringbackasenseofhome D．gotoLosAngelestovisithermom 答案C[细节理解题。依据文中最终一段第一句“SometimeswhenIfeellost，Iliedownandshutmyeyes,andIgohome.”可知作者先躺下，闭上眼睛，可知作者只是闭上眼睛后想象自己回到家中，故选C。]45．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage? A．Toexpresshowmuchsheisattachedtoherhome. B．Todeclarehowmuchshelovesherfirsthouse. C．Todescribethestateofherfamily. D．Tolookbackonherchildhood. 答案A[推理推断题。依据文章大意，本文主要叙述了作者在原来的家中对过去的回忆。可见作者与她的家感情格外深，那里有很多她的回忆，故选A。]BMassesoffloatingicearesolargethattheydwarf__your__ship，makingyouquestionwhetheryourshipstillcanbespottedamongsuchfloatingmountains.Theyaresoimprobablelookingthatyousimplylookinwonder.Itseemsthatnothingthatlargecouldbenatural—andthenitstrikesyouthatsomethingsolargecouldonlybenatural.Now，peoplerealizethatasclimatechangeisraisingglobaltemperatures，moreicebergsarebeingborn.AntarcticacreatesfarmoreofthemthanGreenland，thesourceofbergsinArcticwaters.Antarctica'sarealsomuchlarger，sometimesreachingthesizeofsmallcountries.Recentdatashowtheaverageatmospherictemperaturehasincreasedabout4.5inthewesternAntarcticPeninsulasincethe1940s，makingtheregion，amongthefastestwarmingonearth.ThisjumphasbeenshownintherecentbreakingofmajoriceshelvesalongtheAntarcticPeninsula.Asaresult，thousandsofnewicebergshavebrokenoff，fromiceshelvesintotheSouthernOceanatanacceleratedrate.Evenasmoreicebergsarebeingcreated，scientistsarelearningthattheyarefarfrominactivemassesofice.Infact，theystrikinglyaltertheirenvironmentsbiologically，chemically，andphysically，makingthemislandsoflifeintheopensea.Observersatseahavelongremarkedthattheyattractseals，andseabirds，anddivershavenoticedthatfisharemorenumerousnearthemthaninthesurroundingsea.Nowscientistsarelearningjustwhattheattractionisallabout.Dependingontheirsize，location，andtheseason，icebergscanbenurturers(培育者)ordestroyers.Duringtheirexistence—typicallyyearsfrombreakingofffromanAntarcticorGreenlandicglaciertotheirgradualmeltingastheyfloatintoloweraltitudes，theysupportanimalson，around，eveninsidetheirsplendidicecastle.Theyfertilizetheoceanwithnutrients，increasingseacreatureproduction.Groundedbergscanshelterareasoftheseafloor，protectingbottom－livingcreaturesfromfree－floatingicebergs.However，largebergscanalsotrapseaice，preventingitsannualbreakupandthusstoppingphytoplankton(浮游植物)fromgettinglife—givingsunlight，breakingthefoodchainatitsfirstlink.Icebergswillcontinuetoastonishandattractvisitorstothepolarregions.Butnowthesefrozenlargemassesaretakingonanewdimensionofwonderasweuncovertheirvitalroleintheenvironmentofpolarseas.Nolongercanwelookaticebergsasmerepassivewhitemountainsfloatinginthesea.Theyareactiveagentsofchange，eachoneisanicyoasiswithawakeoflifeasitfloatsonitsunstoppableoceanicjourneytomelting.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。冰山的增多从生物、化学、物理等多个方面转变着环境，对海洋既有利也有弊。46．Whydoestheauthormention“dwarf__your__ship”inthefirstparagraph? A．Toexplainhownaturalicebergsare. B．Toshowhowpowerfulicebergsare. C.Todescribeicebergsasfloatingships. D．Totelltheunbelievablesizeoficebergs. 答案D[推理推断题。依据第一段第一句Massesoffloatingicearesolargethattheydwarfyourship，makingyouquestion...suchfloatingmountains.可知作者是想表达冰山难以置信得大。]47．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A．ThetemperatureinArcticisrisingfasterthanthatinAntarctica. B．Theoceanfoodchainbreaksduetothemeltingoficebergs. C．Floatingicebergshelpshelterbottom－livingoceancreatures. D．Globalwarminghaskeptbringingicebergsintobeing. 答案D[细节理解题。依据其次段第一句可知D项正确。依据其次段第四句．..theaverageatmospherictemperature...amongthefastestwarmingonearth.可知A项错误；依据第四段第四句Groundedbergscan...fromfreefloatingicebergs可知C项错误；依据第四段第五句However，largebergs...atitsfirstlink.可知B项不正确。]48．Fromthepassagewecanconcludethaticebergscan________． A．preserveoceancreatures B．carryoceannutrientsaway C．createawarmpolarenvironment D．keepseaanimalsawayfrompolarseas 答案A[细节理解题。依据第四段第三句Theyfertilizetheoceanwithnutrients，increasingseacreatureproduction.可知A项正确。]49．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardicebergs? A．Cautious. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving. 答案B[推理推断题。通读全文可知作者只是在客观描述事实，并未表达任何个人观点，因此B项正确。cautious意为“谨慎的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的”。]CSHANGHAI—HealthexpertsinShanghaiarecallingformoreprotectionforyoungchildrenasthelatestresearchshowsabouthalfoftheyoungstersaresufferingfromsecondhandsmoke.About45percentofchildrensufferpassivesmokinginfamilies，50percentinpublicplaces，andalmost6percentonpublictransportation，showsaresearchreleasedbytheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenteronTuesday.“Notonlyadultsbutalsochildrenandnewbornbabiesareatriskfortheadverseeffectsofpassivesmoking,”saidTangJingyan,adoctorattheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenter.“Actually,thoseyoungchildrenwhosebodiesarestillgrowinganddevelopingaremoresensitivetotheeffectsofsecondhandsmoke.”Researchhasshownthatchildrenwhoareexposedtosecondhandsmokewillsufferfrommorecolds,coughsandsorethroats，andtheyaremorelikelytosufferfrombronchitis,pneumoniaandwillhaveahigherriskofdevelopingcancer.Doctorsevensuggestedthatchildrensufferingpassivesmokingaremorelikelytohavebehavioralproblemsandmaynotdevelopmentallyasquicklyastheirpeers.OtherresearchbytheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenterhasfoundthatmorethan80percentofchildpatientsinthecenterliveinasmokefilledhousehold,whereoneorbothparentssmoke.“Thoughdoctorshavestressedtheharmofpassivesmokingoverandover,itisstillhardtoreachatotallysmokefreehome,”saidapediatriciannamedZhangYiwen,notingthatparentsareoftentemptedtosmokeeventhoughtheyhavelearnedtheharmfuleffectsofsecondhandsmoke.Chinahas540millionpeoplesufferingfrompassivesmoke，180millionofthemyoungerthan15.Theageofsmokersisalsogettinglower,earlierreportssaid.“Therearemoreyoungsmokersthanbefore.Youcanseeyoungpeoplewearingaschooluniformandcarryingaschoolbaglightacigaretteonthestreet.Someofthemareevenfemalestudents,”saidJingXingming,aprofessorofchildren'sdevelopmentalbehavioratthecenter.“Childrenliketoimitateadults,especiallytheirparents.Ifparentsoftensmokeathome,itisverylikelychildrenwilldevelopasmokinghabit,whichcancauseaviciouscircle，”Jinsaid.ReportsfromtheMinistryofHealthsaidChinahasabout350millionsmokers,ofwhom15millionareunderagesmokers.Also,around40millionofthecountry's130millionchildrenagedbetween13and18hadtriedsmoking,and15millionhadbecomeaddictedtotobacco.【语篇解读】本文主要说明白很多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，以及二手烟对儿童产生的危害。50．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage? A．Abouthalfoftheyoungstersaresufferingfromsecondhandsmoke. B．Expertsarecallingformoreprotectionforyoungstersfromsmoking. C．Moreandmoreyoungstersarepickingupthehabitofsmoking. D．Smokingdoesgreatharmtothehealthoftheyoungsters. 答案B[主旨大意题。依据文章大意，文章先说明白很多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，后文又说明白二手烟对儿童的危害，所以文章主要说明的其实是呼吁疼惜孩子们免受二手烟影响，故选B。]51．Whichyoungstersmostpossiblydevelopahabitofsmoking? A．Childrenofnonsmokingmothers. B．Childrenofnonsmokingfathers. C．Childrenofheavysmokers. D．Childrenfromsomesmokingcenters. 答案C[细节理解题。依据文中第六段倒数第一句“ifparentsoftensmokeathome，itisveylikelychildrenwilldevelopasmokinghabit”可知，假如父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯，故选C。]52．WhichofthefollowingdiseasesmayNOTbeconnectedwithsecondhandsmoking? A．Cancer. B．Behavioralproblems. C．Sorethroats. D．Coughs. 答案B[细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句话“Researchhasshown...morecolds，coughs,andsorethroatsandthey...willhaveahigherriskofdevelopingcancer”可知A、C、D均与二手烟有关，故选B。]53．Theunderlinedword“vicious”inthesixthparagraphmostprobablymeans________． A．completeB．simple C．great D．bad 答案D[词义猜想题。依据单词所在句句意“假如父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯”而吸烟是一种不良习惯，所以这种循环应当是一种恶性循环，故选D。]54．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．About80percentofthechildrenintheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCentersmokeheavily. B．About45percentofchildrensufferpassivesmokingintheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenter. C．About540millionpeopleareheavysmokersinChina. D．Childrenagedbetween13to18aremorelikelyaddictedtosmoking. 答案D[推理推断题。依据文章倒数第一段其次句可知“around40millionofthecountry's130millionchildrenagedbetween13and18hadtriedsmoking，and15millionhadbecomeaddictedtotobacco”可知13到18岁的儿童更简洁对吸烟上瘾，故选D。文中第一段的数据只是由Children'sMedicalCenter调查争辩供应的，是对整个城市的一个普遍调查，不是在这个中心内的，故A、B项错误，依据文中倒数第三段第一句可知54000万人是间接吸烟者，并不是吸烟的人，故C项错误。]DThebestantistress(抗紧急)medicinewehavemayberightunderyournose!Thinkyouknowhowtodoit?Trythissimpletest:sitorstandwhereveryouareandtakeadeepbreath，thenletitout.Whatexpandedmoreasyoubreathedin，yourchestoryourabdomen(腹部)?Iftheanswerisyourchest，you'relikemostpeopleandyou'redoingitwrong.Takeanotherdeepbreathandkeepreading.ThetechniqueissopowerfulthatphysicianJamesGordon，directoroftheCentreforMind－BodyMedicineinWashington，teachesittonearlyeverypatienthesees.“Slow，deepbreathingisprobablytheonlybestantistressmedicinewehave，”saysGordon，“Whenyoubringairdownintothelowerpartofthelungs，whereoxygenexchangeismostefficient，everythingchanges.Heartrateslows，bloodpressuredecrease，musclesrelax，anxietyceasesandthemindcalms.”Obviously，everyonealiveknowshowtobreathe.ButGordonandotherexpertsinthefieldofmind-bodymedicinesaythatfewpeopleinindustrializedsocietiesknowhowtobreathecorrectly.Theyaretaughttosuckintheirguts(内脏)andpuffout(鼓起)theirchests.Atthesametime，theyareattackedwithconstantstress，whichcausesheartratetoincrease.Asaresult，theybecomeshallow“chestbreathers”，usingprimarilythemiddleandupperpartsofthelungs.Fewpeople—otherthanmusicians，singersandsomeathletesareevenawarethattheabdomenshouldexpandwhentheybreathein.“Watchababybreathe，”saysGordon，“andyou'llseetheabdomengoupanddown，deepandslow.”Withage，mostpeoplechangefromthishealthyabdominalbreathingintoshallowchestbreathing.AtDukeUniversityMedicalCentre，Dr.JonSeskevichhastaughtabdominalbreathingtomostofthe18，000patientshe'sworkedwithsince1990.Oneofhismostdramaticcasesinvolvedalung－cancerpatient.“Iwalkedintotheroomtofindthislargemanactuallyfightingforbreath，”Seskevichrecalls.“Ihadhimsitbackinhischairandplacehisfeetontheground.IthenaskedifitwasOKifItouchedhisabdomen.Henodded，soIputmyhandonandtoldhimtobreathesoftlyintomyhand，tolethisabdomenriseintomyhand.”Afteraboutsixminutesofthis，hewasbreathingcomfortably.“Allday，peopleweretellinghimtorelax，”saysSeskevich，“anditseemedtomakehisstruggleworse.Ijusttoldhimtobreatheintohisabdomen.Wedidn'tcurehiscancer，butwemayhavesavedhimatriptotheintensive－careunit.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。正确的呼吸方式有助于减轻我们的压力，而抗紧急最好的药就是渐渐地深呼吸，但是很少有人知道如何正确呼吸及正确呼吸的重要性。55．AccordingtotheCentreforMind－BodyMedicineinWashington，thebestmedicineforantistressis________． A．shallowchest-breathing B．operationtreatment C．slow，deepbreathing D．enoughphysicalexercise 答案C[细节理解题。依据第三段中的“Slow，deepbreathingisprobablytheonlybestantistressmedicinewehave”可知，抗紧急最好的药就是渐渐地深呼吸。故选C。]56．Whatdoyouknowaboutmostpeople'sbreathinindustrializedsocieties? A．Theybreathewiththemiddleandupperpartsofthelungs. B．Theybecomedeepbreathers，usingthelowerpartsofthelungs. C．Theyexpandtheirabdomenswhentheybreathein. D．Theyhavetheirabdomensgoupanddownwhilebreathing. 答案A[细节理解题。依据第四段倒数其次句“Asaresult，theybecomeshallow‘chestbreathers’，usingprimarilythemiddleandupperpartsofthelungs.”可知，他们使用肺的中上部呼吸。故选A。]57．Whichofthefollowingpeopletendtoknowtherightwaytobreatheaccordingtothepassage? A．Governmentofficials. B．Doctorsandpatients. C．Somesportsmen. D．Universityprofessors. 答案C[细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“Fewpeople—otherthanmusicians，singersandsomeathletesareevenawarethattheabdomenshouldexpandwhentheybreathein.”可知，有些运动员知道正确的呼吸方法。故选C。]58．Theexamplestatedinthelasttwoparagraphsshowthatthelung-cancerpatient________withoutDr.Seskevich'sadviceonhowtobreathe. A．mighthavediedalready B．couldn'thavebeencuredofhisillness C．wouldhavestoppedbreathing D．wouldhavebeensenttotheintensive－careunit 答案D[推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句“Afteraboutsixminutesofthis，hewasbreathingcomfortably.”，并结合该段最终一句“Wedidn'tcurehiscancer，butwemayhavesavedhimatriptotheintensive－careunit.”可知，在Seskevich的建议下，病人的呼吸开头顺畅，否则病人可能会住进特护病房。故选D。]5