05 人与社会(三) 历史 社会与文化A卷(解析版)

2024年中考英语新课标话题综合突破03-人与社会(二)----历史、社会与文化(A卷)本系列按照新课标主题内容要求的三大范畴—“人与自我”、“人与社会”“人与自然”8大主题群精选全国各地2024年最新模拟试题。每个主题群有A、B两套练习。A套难度适中；B套难度相对较高。每套练习包括完形填空(2篇)、阅读理解(4篇)、任务型阅读(1篇)、短文填空(2篇)、书面表达(2篇)。完形填空A(2024·宁夏银川·一模)AlmosteveryChinesepersonknowsthetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”1sadly,manyofusdon’tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Don’twastefood.ACCTVprogramreportedthatthefoodChinesepeoplethrowawayeveryyearismuchenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.Dowehavetoo2food?Ofcoursenot.AccordingtotheUNWorldFoodProgram,therewere828million3peoplearoundtheworldin2022,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Chinesepeoplearefamous4beingfriendly.ManyChinese5eventhinkthattheylosefaceiftheirguests(客人)eatallthefoodonthetable.6,manypeopleknowtheimportanceofsavingfoodnow.Herearesomerulesforyoutosavefood.Don’tordertoomuchinthe7.Onlyorderasmuchasyoucaneat.Ifyoucannoteatallthefood,taketherestof8toyourhome.Don’t9anyfoodinyourbowlswhenyouhavemeals.Remember,weshouldtaketheserules10.1．A．Although B．But C．So D．Because2．A．many B．little C．much D．few3．A．hungry B．old C．fat D．healthy4．A．in B．of C．as D．for5．A．workers B．hosts C．farmers D．waiters6．A．Hardly B．Unluckily C．Luckily D．Usually7．A．restaurant B．school C．hospital D．library8．A．him B．them C．mine D．it9．A．eat B．leave C．drink D．wash10．A．seriously B．happily C．sadly D．finally【答案】1-5BCADB6-10CADBA【解析】本文主要介绍了浪费粮食现象的严重性，呼吁大家要节约粮食，并给出了一些建议。【小题1】句意：但是令人难过的是，我们中的许多人并没有真正理解这句话的真正含义：不要浪费食物。Although尽管；But但是；So因此；Because因为。根据上文“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork”可知，前后两句之间构成转折关系，因此选But。故选B。【小题2】句意：我们的食物太多了吗？many许多，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，修饰不可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词复数。根据“too...food?Ofcoursenot.”可知，此处考查toomuch“太多”，后接不可数名词，其他选项不符合句意，故选C。【小题3】句意：根据联合国世界粮食计划署的数据，2022年全球有8.28亿饥饿人口，尤其是在发展中国家。hungry饥饿的；old年老的；fat胖的；healthy健康的。根据上文“Dowehavetoo...food?Ofcoursenot.”可知，此处指饥饿人口，因此选hungry。故选A。【小题4】句意：中国人以友好和大方而闻名。in在……里面；of……的；as作为；for因为。根据“arefamous...beingfriendly”可知，考查befamousfor“因……而著名”。故选D。【小题5】句意：许多中国主人甚至认为，如果他们的客人吃光了桌子上所有的食物，他们会丢面子。workers工人；hosts主人；farmers农民；waiters服务员。根据“theirguests”可知，客人对应的是主人，故选B。【小题6】句意：幸运的是，许多人现在明白了节约粮食的重要性。Hardly几乎不；Unluckily不幸地；Luckily幸运地；Usually通常。根据上文“eventhinkthattheylosefaceiftheirguests(客人)eatallthefoodonthetable”再结合“manypeopleknowtheimportanceofsavingfoodnow.”可知，这是幸运的事情。故选C。【小题7】句意：在餐馆里不要点太多。restaurant餐馆；school学校；hospital医院；library图书馆。根据“Onlyorderasmuchasyoucaneat.”可知，应该是在餐馆里。故选A。【小题8】句意：如果你不能吃光你点的食物，把剩下的带回家。him他；them他们；mine我的；it它。根据“Ifyoucannoteatallthefood”可知，此处指“把剩下的食物带回家”，因此选it代指上文的food。故选D。【小题9】句意：吃饭时，不要把食物留在碗里。eat吃；leave留下；drink饮；wash洗。根据“Don’t...anyfoodinyourbowlswhenyouhavemeals.”可知，吃饭时，不要把食物留在碗里，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。【小题10】句意：记住，我们应该认真对待这些规定。seriously认真地；happily快乐地；sadly伤心地；finally最终。根据“Remember”可知，此处指我们应该认真对待这些规定，因此选seriously，take...seriously意为“认真对待……”。故选A。B(2024·河南漯河·一模)XiongChuanfa,36,hasbeenworkingwithsugarfigurines(糖人),atraditionalChinesefolkartwithahistoryofover600years,formorethan20years.Everymorning,XiongdrivestoareasnearWanshouPalace,oneofthemost1blocksinNanchang,Jiangxi.Andthenhestarts2sugarfigurines.“Manypeopleareinterestedinthis,3kids,”Xiongsaid.“Afterall,theydon’tseeitoften.SomethinkthatI’mdoinga4show.”Simon,ayoungmanfromAustraliawhoeverstudiedatNunehangHangkongUniversity,lost5inasugarMonkeyKingatXiong’sstall(摊位).Itwasso6.Hecouldn’thelpthinkingwhatitwouldbelike7hetriedtomakeonehimself.Andthenhedid.“Itlookseasy,butactuallyverydifficulttodoitonmyown,”saidSimonafterseveral8.WithXiong’shelp,Simonfinally9ahorsegraduallytakingshapeinfrontofhiseyes.“Ican’tbelieveI’vedonethis,”Simonsaidwith10.Xiongoftenshowshis11besidecollegesoruniversitiestodrawtheyoungclosertothetraditionalart.Forthisreason,heisreadytomakethem12itscharm(魅力).Xiongsaidthatblowingsugarfigurinescan13theMingDynastyandthathisfamilyhasbeendoingthisforfourgenerations(一代人).“EverytraditionalfolkartinChinashouldhavea14,andpeoplelikeusareheretomakesureofthat,”headded.“TheyaresymbolsoftheChineseculture.Theyshouldbe15aroundtheworld.Ihopethatonedaytherestoftheworldcanenjoyittoo—asweettasteofChina.”1．A．special B．popular C．creative D．educational2．A．blowing B．littering C．knocking D．cutting3．A．gradually B．hardly C．especially D．nearly4．A．simple B．magic C．humorous D．typical5．A．itself B．myself C．herself D．himself6．A．soft B．sweet C．real D．ugly7．A．unless B．so C．though D．if8．A．tries B．wishes C．visits D．orders9．A．drew B．saw C．rode D．tied10．A．agreement B．argument C．excitement D．encouragement11．A．skills B．grades C．secrets D．rules12．A．expect B．experience C．explain D．express13．A．lookupto B．payattentionto C．lookforwardto D．datebackto14．A．pity B．hobby C．future D．dream15．A．spread B．caught C．held D．spoken【答案】1-5BACBD6-10CDABC11-15ABDCA【解析】本文主要介绍了吹糖人艺术的传承者——熊传发。【小题1】句意：每天早上，熊都会驱车前往江西南昌最受欢迎的街区之一万寿宫附近。special特别的；popular受欢迎的；creative有创造力的；educational有教育意义的。根据“drivestoareasnearWanshouPalace,oneofthemost”以及常识可知应是去最受欢迎的地方吹糖人。故选B。【小题2】句意：然后他开始吹糖人。blowing吹；littering扔垃圾；knocking敲；cutting切。根据“sugarfigurines.”可知是吹糖人。故选A。【小题3】句意：多人对此感兴趣，尤其是孩子们。gradually逐渐地；hardly几乎不；especially尤其；nearly几乎。根据“Manypeopleareinterestedinthis...”可知孩子尤其对吹糖人感兴趣。故选C。【小题4】句意：有些人认为我在表演魔术。simple简单的；magic魔法的；humorous幽默的；typical典型的。根据“theydon’tseeitoften”可知有些人没有见过吹糖人，有些人认为吹糖人是魔术。故选B。【小题5】句意：西蒙，一个来自澳大利亚的年轻人，曾就读于南京航空大学，沉迷在熊的摊位上的一只糖猴王。itself它自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。根据“Simon,ayoungmanfromAustralia”可知此处是他自己。故选D。【小题6】句意：它是如此真实。soft柔软的；sweet甜的；real真的；ugly丑陋的。根据“asugarMonkeyKing”可知他吹的糖人应该很真实，所以吸引人。故选C。【小题7】句意：如果他试着自己做一个会是什么样子。unless除非；so所以；though虽然；if如果。后句是前句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。【小题8】句意：西蒙在几次尝试后说：“这看起来很容易，但实际上很难独自完成。”tries尝试；wishes希望；visits参观；orders命令。根据“saidSimonafterseveral”可知是试了几次后觉得很难。故选A。【小题9】句意：在熊的帮助下，西蒙终于看到一匹马在他眼前逐渐成型。drew画；saw看；rode骑；tied系。根据“ahorsegraduallytakingshapeinfrontofhiseyes”可知是看到一匹马逐渐成型。故选B。【小题10】句意：西蒙兴奋地说：“我简直不敢相信我会这么做。”agreement同意；argument争论；excitement兴奋；encouragement鼓励。根据“Ican’tbelieveI’vedonethis”可知他做成了，所以是很兴奋。故选C。【小题11】句意：熊经常在高校旁展示自己的技艺，吸引年轻人亲近传统艺术。skills技能；grades成绩；secrets秘密；rules规则。根据“Xiongoftenshowshis”可知是展示他的吹糖人技艺。故选A。【小题12】句意：因此，他准备让他们体验传统艺术的魅力。expect期待；experience体验；explain解释；express表达。根据“itscharm”可知是体验传统艺术的魅力。故选B。【小题13】句意：熊说，吹糖人可以追溯到明代，他的家族已经四代人在吹糖人了。lookupto仰慕；payattentionto注意；lookforwardto期待；datebackto追溯到。根据“theMingDynasty”可知吹糖人追溯到明代。故选D。【小题14】句意：中国的每一种传统民间艺术都应该有未来，像我们这样的人在这里就是为了确保这一点。pity遗憾；hobby爱好；future未来；dream梦。根据“peoplelikeusareheretomakesureofthat”可知他是他们传统艺人在传播传统艺术，让这些传统艺术也有未来。故选C。【小题15】句意：它们应该传播到世界各地。spread传播；caught抓住；held举行；spoken说。根据“aroundtheworld”可知是希望传统艺术可以传播到全世界。故选A。阅读理解A(\o"原始出处：2024年江苏省苏州市吴中区中考一模英语试题"2024·江苏连云港·一模)TheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriodwasanageofgreatculturedevelopmentinChina.Herearesomegreatcharactersofthattime.ShangYangreformedmanyfields.Beforethereform(改革，变法),heplacedalog(原木)atthegateandpromised,“Ifsomeonecanmovethelog,hewillgetareward.”NoonebelievedhimuntilsomeonemovedthelogandShangreallygavehimthereward.DoyouknowLuBanlock?Itisaremovabletoy.LuBancreateditforhisson.Hissonstudiedallnightbeforeopeningit.Healsoinventedmanytoolsandweapons(武器).Once,anofficialfellunconscious(昏迷的).EveryonethoughthewasdeadexceptBianQue.BianQuefelthisweakpulse(脉搏)andsaid.“Hewillwakeupintwodays.”Twodayslater,theofficialwokeup.Everyonewasamazed.WhenBoYaplayedguqin,eventhehorseslookedup,listenedtohismusicandstoppedeating.BoYa’sfriend,ZhongZiqi,understoodhismusic.Theylikedeachother.AfterZhongdied,Bobrokehisguqinandneverplayedsuchinstrumentsanymore.1.WhydidShangYangmakeapromisebeforethereform?A．Togivepeopleareward.B．Tomakepeoplebelievehim.C．Tosellthelogatthemarket.D．Tofixthegateofthebuilding.2.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat

_____________.A．ShangYangfailedhisreformB．ZhongZiqiwasgoodatplayingguqinC．LuBanwasanancientinventorD．BianQueoncemadeadeadpersonbacktolife3.What’sthemainthemeofthepassagesabove?A．Chinesemedicine.B．Traditionalmusic.C．FamousancientChinese.D．Importantinventions.【答案】BCC【解析】本文介绍了春秋战国时期的几位著名人物。【小题1】推理判断题。根据“'Beforethereform,heplacedalog(原木)atthegateandpromised..ShangYangreallygavehimaprize"可知，商鞅要进行变法改革，势必要先行获取民众的信任，在变法之前他将许下的奖赏兑现，成功取得了民众的信任，故选B。【小题2】推理判断题。根据“Healsoinventedmanytoolsandweapons(武器).”"他还发明了许多工具和武器，所以鲁班是著名的发明家。故选C。【小题3】主旨大意题。根据“Herearesomegreatcharactersofthattime.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了商鞅、鲁班、扁鹊、伯牙和钟子期几位著名的春秋战国时期的人物。故选C。B(\o"原始出处：2024年山东省济宁市鱼台县中考一模英语试题"2024·安徽安庆·一模

)Theword“Yongfeng”inChinesemeansforeverwealth.ItisalsothenameofavillageinJilinProvince.GrowingupinYongfengVillage,23-year-oldJinWantingvaluedfundaysplayinggamesinthefieldsandmissedsweetpotatoesinwinter.Thesejoyfulchildhoodmomentsbecameherhappiestmemories.Shethinksitisavaluablegroundthatconnectsherpastwithfuture.Whileincollege,Jinlearnedcomputerscienceandplannedtobeaprogrammer.However,aninvitationfromthevillageofficerchangedhermind.“Thevillageisdeveloping,anditneedsskilledyoungpeople.Iconsideredreturningtothevillageasagreatchancetobothchallengemyselfandcontribute(做贡献)tomyhometown,”shesaid.JinreturnedtoYongfengVillageandbecamethemanagerofaWestern-stylerestaurantthere.BeforeJinjoinedtherestaurant,mostofitscustomerswereyoungtouristsbecauseolderpeopleusuallyprefertraditionalChinesefood.Tochangethissituation,JinandthecookscarefullydevelopedseveralfastfoodbyconnectingWesternelementswithChinesematerials.Thesedishesquicklygotpopularamongoldercustomers.In2017,YongfengVillagewasknownasapoorarea,butthankstothegovernment,thevillagehasdevelopedalot.“Ipersonallysawthevillage’schanges.Thesechangeshavebroughtmanybusinesschancesforyoungpeople,”Jinsaid.Jin’schildhoodfriend,LvShengnan,decidedtoreturnevenbeforeJindid.Lvsaid,“Iwishmoreyoungpeopletoreturntotheirhometownsandcontributetotheirdevelopment.”1.WhatdoesJinthinkofYongfengVillage?A．Itisapoorvillage.B．Itconnectsherpastwithfuture.C．Itremindsherofthesaddesttime.D．ItisaterriblegroundinJilinProvince.2.WhydidJinandLvdecidetoreturntotheirhometownaccordingtothetext?A．Tomakemorefriends.B．Tobeavillageofficer.C．ToenjoytraditionalChinesefood.D．Tomakecontributionstotheirhometown.3.What’sthemainideaofparagraph4?A．YongfengVillageisknownasapoorarea.B．Thecollegestudentsinthevillagesawthevillage’schanges.C．Changeshavebroughtmanylearningchancesforyoungpeople.D．YongfengVillagehasdevelopedalotwiththehelpofthegovernment.4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．JobsforCollegeStudentsB．YouthfulReturntoHometownC．RestaurantsinYongfengVillageD．BusinessChancesforYoungPeople【答案】BDDB【解析】本文讲述了金婉婷和朋友回到自己的村子，帮助村子发展的故事。【小题1】细节理解题。根据“'Shethinksitisavaluablegroundthatconnectsherpastwithfuture.”可知，她认为它连接她的过去和未来。故选B。【小题2】细节理解题，根据“Thevillageisdeveloping,anditneedsskilledyoungpeople.Iconsideredreturningtothevillageasagreatchancetobothchallengemyselfandcontribute(做贡献)tomyhometown”可知，因为她们想回去为家乡做贡献，故选D。【小题3】段落大意题。根据“In2017,YongfengVillagewasknownasapoorarea,butthankstothegovernment,thevillagehasdevelopedalot”可知，第四段讲述了永丰村在政府的帮助下发展了很多。故选D。【小题4】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，文章讲述了金婉婷和朋友回到自己的村子，帮助村子发展的故事，B选项最符合文意。故选B。C(\o"原始出处：2024年山东省济宁市鱼台县中考一模英语试题"2024·福建泉州·三模

)TheNetherlandsislow-lyingandinfluencedbythenorthseawind,whichcausedfloodstohappeneasilyinthepast.Inordertodealwiththeproblem,theDutchusedthousandsofwindmills.SotheNetherlandsbecamethefamouslandofwindmills.Withthisinvention,theDutchsetaspecialdateandheldsomeactivities.It’sheldonthesecondSaturdayofMayeachyear.Gradually,WindmillDaybecomesatraditionalfolkfestivalintheNetherlands.Onthisday,picturesshapedofwindmillsareeverywhere.Manyshopsarefilledwithcolorfulwindmillartpieces.Childrenalsoliketodrawwindmillsonthedoorsandwindows.Windmillshavedifferentpurposesindifferentstates.Theybringgoodlucktopeopleinmostsituations.Whentheflagishungonthewindmill,itmaymeanthatababyisborn,oracoupleareholdingawedding.Whenthefanofwindmillislikeacross,itmeansthatsomeimportantguestsarecomingandtheyarewarmlywelcomed.However,whenthewindmillisatrestandbackward,itmainlytellsusthatsomethingbadhashappened.Nowadays,duringyourvisitintheNetherlands,youcanchoosethewindmillmuseums.Also,youcangotothelocalwindmillvillages.Therearestillmorethan1000windmillsaroundthecountry,withmanystillinuse.Everywindmilliscoveredinredandgreenandisslowlyrunningtogreetyou.1.PeopleinNetherlandsmainlyusewindmillsto________.A．produceelectricityB．dowithfloodsC．celebratefestivalsD．welcomevisitors2.HowdotheDutchcelebrateWindmillDay?

________

①Theydecoratethepublicplaceswithpicturesshapedofwindmills.

②Shopownerspreparelotsofcolorfulwindmillartpieces.

③Theyfixthefanofwindmillastheshapeofacross.

④Youngkidsdrawwindmillsonthedoorsandwindows.A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④3.Whichpictureofwindmillsshowsthecomingofanewborn?

________A．B．C．D．4.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?

________A．Visitorscanonlyenjoywindmillsinmuseums.B．Windmillsbringgoodlucktopeopleinallsituations.C．Therearefewerthan1000windmillsacrossthecountry.D．Astillwindmillmeanssomethingbadhashappened.5.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwereadthetext?

________A．Culture.B．Human.C．Language.D．Science.【答案】BDCDA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰风车节的由来、日期、庆祝方式以及不同风车在荷兰文化中的内涵。【小题1】细节理解题，根据第一段“TheNetherlandsislow-lyingandinfluencedbythenorthseawind..thousandsofwindmills”可知，荷兰地市低洼，过去容易发生洪涝灾害，为了解决这个问题，荷兰人使用了成千上万的风车，所以荷兰人主要用风车解决洪水问题。故选B。【小题2】细节理解题，根据第二段“Onthisday,picturesshapedofwindmillsareeverywhere..windows.”可知，在这一天到处都是风车形状的图片，许多商店都摆满了风车艺术品，孩子们在门窗上画风车，所以他们庆祝的方式有①②④。故选D。【小题3】细节理解题。根据第三段“'Whenthefagishungonthewindmill,itmaymeanthatababyisbom”可知，当旗帜挂在风车上时，可能意味着有一个婴儿出生了。故选C。【小题4】细节理解题。根据第三段"whenthewindmillisatrestandbackward,itmainlytellsusthatsomethingbadhashappened"可知，当风车处于静止或倒退状态时，它预示着发生了不好的事情，选项D表述与原文相符。故选D。【小题5】推理判断题，根据第一段“WindmillDaybecomesatraditionalfolkfestivalintheNetherlands”可知，风车日渐渐成为一个传统的民间节日，所以本文主要介绍的风车之国--荷兰，推测可以在杂志的文化专栏看到这篇文章。故选A。D(\o"原始出处：2024年山东省济宁市鱼台县中考一模英语试题"2024·江苏苏州·一模

)Haveyoueverimaginedthatamobile-phonemakercouldproducecarsoneday?XiaomiansweredthisquestionwithitsnewlyproducedelectriccarSU7.Threeyearsago.LeiJunannouncedthathewouldmakecars.Atthattime,onlineusersjokedthatheshouldmakeelectriccarsashisnamehassomethingtodowithelectricity.Overtheyears,eventheelectronicsgiantlikeApplegaveuptheideaofmakingelectriccars.However,LeiJunkepthiswordsandreallymadeit.Thecompany,bestknownforitspopularsmartphones,showeditsSU7modelonMarch28inChinathisyear.Actually,itisthefirstelectriccarfromaphonemaker.TheSU7wouldsellfor215,900

yuan

to299.900

yuan

inChina.Thestartingpriceisabout30,000

yuan

cheaperthanTesla’sModel3,whichstartsat245.900

yuan.“Thisistokeepmypromisemadethreeyearsago,”hewroteonTuesday.Leialsoaddedthathe’sconfidentaboutenteringtheEV(电动汽车)market,thoughthecompetitionisstrong.TheSU7comesasEVmakersfightforsalesinChina.XiaomimayfacesomesalesproblemsascompanieslikeBYDandTeslaarecuttingpricestoattractcustomerstobuytheirEVs.However,Xiaomimayhavesomeadvantagesovercompetitorssinceitisalreadywell-knownandhasplentyoffaithfulcustomerscalledMiFans.WhetherSU7willbeasuccessisunknown,butjustasLeiJunsaidtomanyyoungpeople,lifeisalong-timerace,andtemporary(暂时)successorfailureisnotimportant.Weshouldbelieveindreamsandkeepmakingatry.1.WhatdoweknowaboutXiaomiaccordingtothepassage?A．Itisfamousformakingcars.B．Itsfirstelectriccarisagreatsuccess.C．IthasnostrongcompetitorsintheEVmarket.D．ThestartingpriceofitscarislowerthanTesla’sModel3.2.HowdoesthewritershowLeiJun’scharacterofnevergivingupinparagraph2?A．Byinterviewinghisfans.B．Bylistingsomenumbers.C．Byusingonlineusers’words.D．Bycomparingwithothers.3.WhyisLeiJunconfidentaboutenteringtheEVmarket?A．BecauseXiaomiisalreadylovedbymany.B．Becausemostpeoplechooseelectriccarsnow.C．BecauseSU7isthebestelectriccarintheworld.D．BecauseBYDandTeslahavecutpricestoattractcustomers.4.Whatwouldthepassagemainlywanttotellus?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．Itisnevertoooldtolearn.C．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】DDAD【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了小米公司生产电动汽车SU7的情况，以及雷军对于进入电动汽车市场的信心和态度。【小题1】细节理解题。根据“TheSU7wouldsellfor215,900

yuan

to299.900

yuan

inChina.Thestartingpriceisabout30,000

yuan

cheaperthanTesla’sModel3,whichstartsat245.900

yuan.”可知，小米的电动汽车SU7的起售价比特斯拉的Model3要低，故选D。【小题2】推理判断题。根据“Overtheyears,eventheelectronicsgiantlikeApplegaveuptheideaofmakingelectriccars.However,LeiJunkepthiswordsandreallymadeit”可知，多年来，即使是像苹果这样的电子巨头也放弃了制造电动汽车的想法。然而，雷军信守诺言，真的做到了。此处通过与其他人的对比来体现雷军的坚持不懈，故选D。【小题3】细节理解颖，根据“However,Xiaomimayhavesomeadvantagesovercompetitorssinceitisalreadywell-knownandhasplentyoffaithfulcustomerscalledMiFans.”可知，雷军对进入电动汽车市场有信心的原因是小米已经很知名，且有很多忠实的粉丝，故选A。【小题4)主旨大意颖。根据“"WhetherSU7willbeasuccessisunknown,butjustasLeiJunsaidtomanyyoungpeople,lifeisalongtimerace,andtemporary(暂时)successorfailureisnotimportant.Weshouldbelieveindreamsandkeepmakingatry."”可知，文章主要想要告诉我们的是只要有决心，就一定能找到实现梦想的方法，故选D。任务型阅读(\o"原始出处：2024年山东省青岛市黄岛区中考一模英语试题"2024·江苏南通·一模)

Sophie,a14-year-oldBritishgirl,suddenlychangedherbehaviorinclass.Shelostinterestinstudiesandwouldsitinthecornerwithherheadmostlydown.

EthanMiller,oneofSophie’steachers,discoveredthatshewasbullied(欺凌)online.Sophiewasreceivingabusive(辱骂)messagesonherphoneandonFaccbook.MillersharedSophie’sstoryontheofficialwebsiteofTheChildren’sSociety,achildren’scharityintheUK.

Sophiewasnotalone.Oneinthreeyoungpeople,in30countries,saidtheyhaveexperiencedonlinebullying.Twentypercentofthosebulliedstudentswerenotwillingtogotoschoolbecauseofit,accordingtoareportinSeptember.Thestudysurveyedmorethan170,000youngpeopleaged13—24fromcountriesinEurope,Asia,AfricaandSouthAmerica.Seventy-fivepercentofthemsaidthatthemostcommononlinebullyingcaseshappenedonsocialmedia,likeFaccbookandTwiter.Thegrowthofsocialmediahasleftmanyyoungpeoplehurtthroughunfriendlyandabusivemessages,commentsandpicturesonline.

TheInternetworldmakesiteasierforpeopletocommunicatewitheachother,butthereismoredangerforyoungpeopleaswell—anditissurprisingthatonlinebullyingtroublesmanyyoungpeoplemorethananythingelse.What’smore,onlinebullyingcouldleadtoseriousresultsforyoungpeople.Suchbullyingmakesyoungpeoplemorethantwiceaslikelytohurtthemselvesorevenkillthemselves,accordingtoa2018studybytheuniversityofOxford,UK.Theresearchalsofoundthatyoungpeoplefacingonlinebullyingwerenotaslikelytoaskforhelpasthosebulliedbytraditionalways.

Todealwiththeproblem,UNICEFhascalledfornationalhelplinestosupportpeoplewhoarebullied,alongwithtrainingforteachersandparentstopreventanddealwithonlinebullying.

HereissomeadvicetokeepyourselfawayfromdangerontheInternet.

●Makesurethatyou’recarefulandrespectfultoothers,evenifyoudon’tsharesimilaropinions,valuesorbeliefs.

●Ifyouexperienceonlinebullying,thebestresponse(回应)toabullyisnoresponseatall.

●Keeparecordofanythingthatshowsproof(证据)ofonlinebullying,likescreenshots.Youcanusethistoreportandstopthem.

1.WhydidSophiesuddenlychangeherbehavior?

2.Accordingtothesurvey,wheredotheymostprobablymeetonlinebullying?

3.Howdoesonlinebullyinghurtyoungpeople?

4.Whatisthebestresponsetoabully?

5.Whatotheradvicecanyouoffertostopbullying?(请自拟一句话作答)

【答案】【小题1】Becauseshewasbulliedonline.【小题2】Onsocialmedia,likeFacebookandTwitter.【小题3】Throughunfriendlyandabusivemessages,commentsandpicturesonline.【小题4】Noresponse(atall)./Thebestresponsetoabullyisnoresponseatall.【小题5】You/We/canaskteachersorparentsforhelp./You/We/lcancallthepolice./Youshouldprotectyourinformation..(言之有理即可)【解析】本文讲述了一位14岁的女孩，由于受到网络欺凌而发生了很大的改变，可知网络欺凌对青少年的伤害较大。为应对网络欺凌,作者提出一些建议。【小题1】根据第二段"EthanMiller,oneofSophie'steachers,discoveredthatshewasbullied(欺凌)online.”"可知，Sophie的老师Ethan发现她被网络欺凌了。故填Becauseshewasbulliedonline.【小题2】根据第三段“'Seventy-fivepercentofthemsaidthatthemostcommononlinebullyingcaseshappenedonsocialmedia,likeFacebookandTwitter.”可知，75%受过网络欺凌的年轻人说大多数寻常的网络欺凌发生在一些像脸书和推特这样的社交媒体上,故填Onsocialmedia,likeFacebookandTwitter.【小题3】根据第三段“Thegrowthofsocialmediahasleftmanyyoungpeoplehurtthroughunfriendlyandabusivementsandpicturesonline.”"可知，与日发展的社交媒体使得许多年轻人受到了不友好的和辱骂性的信息、评价和图片的伤害。故填Throughunfriendlyandabusivemessages,commentsandpicturesonline.【小题4】根据第六段“Ifyouexperienceonlinebullying,thebestresponse(回应)toabullyisnoresponseatall.”可知，对网络欺凌最好的回应就是不回应。故填Noresponse(atall).Thebestresponsetoabullyisnoresponseatall.【小题5】开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为You/We/Icanaskteachersorparentsforhelp./You/We/Icancallthepolice./Youshouldprotectyourinformation./...短文填空A(\o"原始出处：2024年江苏省苏州市工业园区中考一模英语试题"2024·山西运城·一模)请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。ThedragonisagreatanimalinChineseculture.Peoplesaythatitbringswindandrain.Itissaidthat

1

theseconddayofthesecondlunar(阴历的)montheveryyear,thedragonwakesupfromitswintersleepandraisesits

2

.Becauseofthis,thedayiscalled“DragonHead-RaisingDay”.Somepeopleseeitasthestartofspringandfarming,

3

theybelievethattherewillbemorerainafterit.Andrainisimportanttofarming.Today,manycustomshavefadedaway(逐渐消失).Butonethathasremainedpopularistohaveahaircut.Manybelievethatahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthmaybringbadlucktotheiruncles—mainlytheirmothers’brothers.SomanypeoplehavetheirhaircutonDragonHead-RaisingDay.Also,it

4

traditionalforpeopletoeatsomefoodonthatday.Thefoodisusuallynamedafterdragons.Noodlesarecalleddragon’sbeard(longxu).Dumplingsaredragon’sears(long’er).Andspringrollsaredragon’sscales(longlin).InsomeplacesinShandong,peoplemakedragonlanternsandput

5

onslowboatsontherivers.Theactivitystandsforpeople’sbestwishesandgoodluck.【答案】【小题1】on【小题2】head【小题3】because【小题4】is【小题5】them【解析】本文介绍了中国的传统文化有关“龙抬头”的一些习俗。【小题1】句意:据说，每年农历二月初二，龙从冬眠中醒来，抬起头来。空后是具体某一天，用介词on。故填on。【小题2】句意:据说，每年农历二月初二，龙从冬眠中醒来，抬起头来。根据“DragonHead-RaisingDay"以及常识可知在二月二，龙会抬头，head“头”，此处用名词单数。故填head。【小题3】句意:有些人认为这是春天和农业的开始，因为他们相信之后会有更多的雨水。前后是因果关系，此处表示原因用because连接。故填because。【小题4】句意:此外，人们在这一天吃一些食物是传统的。此处是结构itisadj.forsb.todosth.“做某事对某人来说是.……的”故填is。【小题5】句意:在山东的一些地方，人们制作龙灯，并把它们放在河上的慢船上。此处指代“龙灯”，作宾语用代词宾格them。故填them。B(2024·重庆綦江·一模

)根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Itisreportedthattherewereonly9.02millionnewbornbabiesinChinain2023,andthepopulationgrowthrate(率)is-1.48‰.Chinahasoneofthe

1

populationsintheworld,butitsbirthratehascontinuedtogodowninrecentyears.Thishascausedagreatdealofattention.Thenwhatwillbetheinfluenceofafallingbirthrate?First,itwillleadtoanagingpopulation.China’selderlypopulationisgrowingfastaspeoplelivelongerandthebirthratefalls.Thiswill

2

moreproblemstothegovernmentandsociety.Thegovernmentneedstoputinmoremoneytomeetthemedical,old-agecareandotherneedsoftheelderly,whichwillleadtomorepressure.

3

,theagingpopulationwillalsoleadtolaborshortages(劳动力短缺),whichmayhaveinfluenceonChina’seconomic(经济的)growth.Second,itwillmakeadifference

4

families.InatraditionalChinesefamily,childrenaretheh

5

offamily.However,thisideaisc

6

now.Moreandmorepeopleprefertohavefewerchildren,andsomeevendon’twanttohavechildren.Thiswillinfluencethestability(稳定)offamilies.Finally,itwillinfluencethedevelopmentofoursociety,especiallyeducationandemployment(就业).

7

thepopulationfalls,schoolsandbusinesseswillbeshortoftalent.ThiscouldleadtoincreasedcompetitionintheeducationandjobmarketsandinfluencethestabilityofsocietyandChina’scultural,socialandeconomicdevelopment.Nowthegovernmentandsocietyshouldtake

8

todealwiththisproblem,suchasencouragingchildbirth,improvingthewelfare(福利)ofchildrenandtheelderly,andimprovingeducationandthejobmarket.Onlyinthiswaycansocialdevelopmentandstabilitybeguaranteed(保障).【答案】【小题1】largest/biggest【小题2】bring【小题3】Besides【小题4】to【小题5】(h)ope【小题6】(c)hanging【小题7】As/When/If【小题8】action【解析】本文主语介绍了中国是世界上人口最多的国家之一，但近年来出生率持续下降。文中提到出生率下降会带来的影响，并建议府和社会应采取鼓励生育、改善儿童和老年人福利、改善教育和就业市场等措施来解决这一问题。【小题1】句意:中国是世界上人口最多的国家之一，但近年来出生率持续下降。根据“Chinahasoneofthe...populationsin