【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习课堂讲练--专题三-代词-

专题三代词1.(2022·安徽卷)Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.A.OneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.Someone2.(2022·江苏卷)Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing3.(2022·福建卷)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein________，knivesandforks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all4.(2022·江西卷)—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I'llbeinallday.A.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either5.(2022·浙江卷)Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,making________thedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.A.eachB.itC.thisD.one6.(2022·大纲卷)—Who'sthatatthedoor?—________isthemilkman.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That7.(2022·山东卷)Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her8.(2022·陕西卷)I'dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.itB.youC.oneD.this9.(2022·四川卷)She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either10.(2022·重庆卷)Asmilecosts________butgivesmuch.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything1.【答案】C【解析】句意：你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都乐意挂念你。one(某一个人、物)表泛指；noone＝nobody(没有人)；everyone(每个人)强调全体；someone(某个人)。本句强调全部人都情愿，故选C项。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：优秀的家庭对家庭成员们来说意味着很多，但并不是一切。something(某些事情；重要人物)；anything(任何事情，一些事情)；nothing(没有东西，无关紧要的东西)。everything(一切)符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在其他国家，人们用刀叉。some...,others...是对称结构。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？——都可以，我一天都在。依据句意应答者在早晨和下午两种状况中作出选择。A、B两项表三者或三者以上的状况；neither表两者都不。5.【答案】B【解析】句意：去年平均降雨量为18.75厘米，让去年成为1850年加利福尼亚建州以来最干燥的一年。each表三者或以上的任何一个；it指上文提及的同一事物；this指代上文或下文内容；one指代可数名词，表泛指。本句中it指lastyear。6.【答案】B【解析】句意：——谁在门边？——是送奶工。it指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门等)，符合本句情形。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：Susan向我说清楚了她期望有自己的新生活。it是形式宾语，真正宾语为that从句。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：假如你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感谢不尽。Iwouldappreciateitif/when...(假如……我将感谢不尽)是固定句式。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但这两个地方她都不宠爱，于是搬到了剑桥。none表三者或以上的否定；both(两者都)；either(两者中的任何一个)。neither(两者都不)符合题意。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：微笑不要我们花费任何东西，但赐予我们很多。本题中的关键词是but，说明上下文之间是转折关系，所选之词要和后面的much表相反的意思，故选C项。高考代词主要考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法以及复合代词。阅读理解的选项中有时会消灭对全部否定与部分否定的推断。要点储备一：代词主要用来指代人、事物或大事，就是代替消灭过的特定词、短语或句子，避开重复。有以下几类1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them用人称代词作简略回答时，要用宾格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor？—Me,Tom.2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every＋n.,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/either8复合代词someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing9兼作形容词的不定代词each，all,any,none,both,either,neither,few,little,many,much,some10相互代词eachother,oneanother要点储备二：不定代词用法留意点1.one,some与any词汇用法举例one可以泛指任何人，复数为onesOneshouldlearntothinkofothers.some多用于确定句；也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到确定的答复，或者表示建议、恳求等Ihavesomequestionstoask.Wouldyoulikesomebananas？Couldyougivemesomemoney？Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Therearesome3，000studentsinthisschool.some修饰可数名词单数时，表示某个(＝acertain)；some和数词连用时，表示“大约”any多用于疑问句和否定句中，以及if之后Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.Doyoufeelanybettertoday？any修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任何一个”；any可与比较级连用，表示程度2.no，none,noone,nobody与nothing词汇用法举例no等于notany/a/an，作定语Thereisnosuchpersonintheoffice.none既可指人也可指物，既可指可数名词，也可指不行数名词；用于回答Howmany/much疑问句Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle？—None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.I'dlikesomebread,buttherewasnoneinthefridge.noone＝nobody一般指人，其后不能加of短语；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面消灭的somebody/anybody/everybody；用于回答Who疑问句Whotoldyouthenews？—Nobody.Ireadthenewspaper.—Isthereanyoneintheroom？—Nobody/Noone.nothing泛指，只表物；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面消灭的something/anything/everything；用于回答What疑问句What'sinthebox?—Nothing.Nothingisimpossibleifyouputyourheartintoit.3.other,theother与another词汇用法举例other泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用：some/any/no/every＋other＋名词some...others;one...theother;eachother;nootherbut(不是正是)theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherwayJohnisn'there.Hemightbeinsomeotherroom.Idon'tlikethiscolor.Doyouhaveanyothers？HeisnootherbutTom.theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers，等同于“the＋名词复数”Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.another意为“又一个，另一个”，无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人/事”；another与复数名词连用表“另外”常用短语：one...another(一个，另一个)；oneanother(彼此)Idon'tlikethisshirt;pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong;pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.Anotherthreestudents/Threeotherstudentswerelatethismorning.Anotherfiveminutes/FivemoreminutesandI'llfinishthework.4.all,both,neither与either词汇用法举例all表物时，all＝everything，其谓语动词用单数；表人时，all＝allthepeople,其谓语动词用复数；加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用none，nothing，nobodyAllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.＝NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.＝SomeofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Somearenot.both加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither,等同于not...eitherBothofusarenotteachers.＝Notbothofusareteachers.＝Eitherofusisateacher.either意为“两者中的任何一个”either...or...意为“要么……，要么……”；not...either＝neither；Idon'tlikeeitherofthewatches.＝Ilikeneitherofthewatches.Youcaneitherstayorleave.It'suptoyou.—Willyougotherebybusorbycar？—Neither.Iwillgotherebytrain.5.it,that,one,ones,those与theones词汇用法举例it代替前面提到的同一个名词；或指代上文内容；用于肯定句式Fathersearchedeverywhereforhisgoldenwatch,butcouldn'tfinditanywhere.that指代不行数名词，表特指时，等同于theone;若后置定语为of引起的介词短语时，则通常用that，指人或后有前置定语修饰时只能用theoneTheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.Fewpleasurescanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.oneone与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物，前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等Auntgavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(＝apresent)thatIhadneverseen.Whichdoyouwant？—Theredone.Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.onesthose在口语中，多用those来替代特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时(＝theones)；代替特指的复数名词，通常用theonesHisideasarelittledifferentfromthoseofhisfriends.Studentswhodowellinexaminationsarethose/theoneswhoaskquestionsinclass.Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently？I'dliketotryonthoseshoes,theonesatthefrontofthewindow.theones6.this,these,that与those用法例句this/these一般指在时间或距离上离讲话者较近的人或物，that/those则表示在时间或距离上离讲话者较远的人或物ThatiswhatIexplainedyesterday；thisiswhatIwanttoexplainnow.this有时指代前面的整个句子或整段描述，也可指代即将进行的描述；that一般只指代上文Ifweputourfoodintoarefrigeratoritbecomesverycoldandthiscanstopitfromgoingbad.that/those可指代前面所提及的同类名词，以避开重复Thespeedofradiowavesisequaltothatoflight.Themagazinesontheshelfseemmoredifficulttoreadthanthoseonthedesk.this/that有时可用作状语，表示程度，意为“这么”“那么”That'sabeautifulleatherwallet,butIcan'taffordtopaythatmuch.要点储备三：“it”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应赐予足够的重视用法例句实词指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的内容Iboughtapenlastweekbutitismissingnow.Hefailedintheexamagain.Itmadehimverysad.指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门，打电话时用)；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事Whocanbeknockingatthedoor?—ItmustbeTom.Heiswelloverfifty,butdoesn'tlookit.指代时间、天气、环境、气候、距离等自然现象Itwasnearlymidnightwhenhecameback.Welcometomyhomeifitisconvenienttoyou.替代模糊概念，无补语，指代从句所叙内容Idon'tlikeitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Youcandependonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.形式主语替代作主语的动词不定式、动名词、主语从句：Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.Itbe＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.It's(well)worthdoing...It's＋n．/adj./v.－ed＋that从句It＋vi.＋that/wh－从句It＋vt.＋sb.＋that从句Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisnosecret/surprisethatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.Itissaidthatthecouplehavegotdivorced.It'snotsettledwhetherIamgoingabroad.Itappearsthatitisgoingtorain.Itturnedoutthattheordinarymanwasarichone.Itmakesnodifferencewhowilltakethepost.Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.形式宾语vt.＋it＋n./adj.vt.＋it＋adj./n.(one's)doingv.＋it＋as＋n．/adj.＋从句v.＋it＋prep.＋that从句(句型详见名词性从句)Weconsideritourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.Ithinkitnousearguingwiththestubbornman.Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.Thestudentowesittohistutorthathesucceeded.Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.Itakeitthatyouwantedsomethingelse.强调句型Itis/was＋强调物＋that＋句子余下部分Itis/was＋强调人＋who/that＋句子余下部分★强调句中的主语、宾语和状语等，连接词不行使用when,where,howWhenwasitthathechangedhismind？Iwonderwhatitwasthatmadehimsad.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrealizedhewasmybrother与强调句型易混句型Itisthefirsttimethat＋现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat＋过去完成时Itis(high)timethat＋过去时/shoulddoIt's...since＋过去时Itwillbe...before＋现在时Itwas...before＋过去时Itwas＋时间名词＋when...Itwas＋地点名词＋where...Itwas＋状语＋that...It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadbeenabroad.It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.ItistwoyearssinceIsawhimlasttime.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.Itwillbelongbeforemydreamcomestrue.Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.常用的固定搭配及其他句型Ittakessb.sth.todo...It's(just)(un)likesb.todo...makeit(成功做到，赶上，准时到达；商定好时间)asitis(事实上；照原样)that'sit(至此为止，没有别的；对啦)Asithappened,...(真不凑巧，真圆满)Asitturnedout,...(最终被证明是)Believeitornot(信不信由你)It'suptosb.(由某人打算，由某人负责，取决于某人)ifitweren'tfor.../ifithadn'tbeenfor...(要不是……)(其余it口语用法见情景交际)Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.—Shallwemeetnextweek？—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.Leavethetableasitis.Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”．—That'sit.Asithappened,theywereoutwhenIcalledonthemyesterday.Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.—Shallwegooutfordinner？—It'suptoyou.Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.要点储备四：反身代词的习惯用语搭配含义例句besideoneself由于生气、感动等而近乎发狂、忘形Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoy(欣喜若狂)whenheheardthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.byitself自动地Thecomputermayshutoffbyitself.byoneself单独地、独自地Ican'tfinishtheworkbymyself.foroneself亲自You'dbettergotoseeifyoursonhasgonetoschoolforyourself.inoneself本质上，自身Moneyinitselfmeantnothingtothem.tooneself独占、独用Everyonewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.absentoneself缺课、缺勤Heabsentedhimselffromworkbecausehehadtheflu.adaptoneselfto适应于Youshouldadaptyourselftothechangedconditions.applyoneselfto认真致志于It'shardtoapplyyourselftosomedullwork.beoneself处于正常状态Itlooksasiftheboyisnothimselftoday.behaveoneself法规点Youknowthatisnotthewaytobehaveeto(oneself)糊涂过来Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselflyinginhospital.devoteoneselfto认真于；献身于Iwilldevotemyselftoscienceinthefuture.enjoyoneself玩得快活，过得开心Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourselves.findoneself...不自觉间发觉自己……It'snofuntofindoneselfattheendoftherope.helponeselfto...自取Hehelpedhimselftothemoneyonthetable.makeoneselfathome不要拘束，不要客气Justmakeyourselfathome.seatoneself坐Theguestseatedhimselfattheotherendofthetable.thinkforoneself独立思考Onehastolearntothinkforoneselftreatoneselftosth.用某物款待自己Iusuallytreatmyselftosomemusicafteraday'shardwork.重点突破把握各类代词基本用法；重点关注高考热点与代词短语；牢记it惯用法并依据语境机敏运用。1.MrShen'smethodofteachingisnothinglike________oftheteachersatmyjuniorhighschool.A.theoneB.oneC.thatD.it2.Ilike________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.NelsonMandeladevotedallhislifetothestruggleoftheAfricanpeopleand________ofeverynationthatseeksfreedom.A.itB.oneC.thoseD.that4.Thecustomerdidn'tchoose________ofthetiesandwentawaywithoutlookingatathirdone.A.manyB.anyC.allD.either5.Thepresident'sspeechwas________boring;itis,infact,ratherinspiringandinteresting.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.nomoreD.allbut6.—Doyouthinkalltheplayersaregood?—________ofthemareverygood.Butsomecouldhavebeenbetter.A.NoneB.FewC.MostD.All7.Doyouexpect________tobeapossibilitythatweshallbeabletoaffordtheparticularfurnitureweneed?A.itB.thereC.thatD.one8.Women'sDayisaroundthecorner,andI'mconsideringbuyingagiftforMum,________thatistohertaste.A.forwhichB.whichC.theoneD.one9.AsMrsRooseveltput________，I'dratherlightacandlethancomplainaboutthedarkness.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them10.—Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?—I'dlike________withaswimming－poolatthebackof________．A.it;oneB.one;oneC.it;itD.one;it11.Thepricesystemisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyas________ofagreatnumberofservices.A.theoneB.thatC.onesD.those12.—Whatkindofpeopledoyouneedfortheposition?—________withagoodcommandofEnglish.A.AnyoneB.WhoeverC.WhomeverD.Anyonewho13.Wewon'tforgetthefinancialcrisisandthetroubles________hascausedtothepeopleallovertheworld.A.whichB.thisC.whatD.it14.—MaryandBettylookexactlythesametome.—Oh,sometimesIalsofindithardtotellonefrom________．A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers15.—You've