【鲁赣】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷(二十七)-阅读理解

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调整合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。专题检测卷(二十七)阅读理解（建议用时：25分钟）A体裁谈论文话题性格和行为的成因词数369(2021·潍坊模拟)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined(注定)tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts(本能).Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli(somethingthathelpssb./sth.todevelopbetterandmorequickly)asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem.A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdifferB.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligenceC.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheoriesD.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”argument2.Theunderlinedword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby.A.approaches B.advocatesC.principles D.characters3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsareshowedbybehaviors.D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstincts.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.D.Theyagreethatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores.A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantagesB.areadisplayoftheblacks’poorintelligenceC.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligenceD.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredityB体裁谈论文话题训练孩子词数291Whenachildistoldheis“uncool”,itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn’tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose.Butthesearesimplywaystohandlesadnessbypretendingit’snotthere.Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhadtobecareful.Ifyousay,“Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn’tmatter!”Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,“I’mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool.”Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild’spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider.Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildarealfriendshipofhisown.6.Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing“uncool”may.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch7.Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby.A.seeingthechildastheteacher’sfavoriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities8.Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Childrendon’tcareothers’commentsonthem.B.It’sonlyteacher’sworktomakechildrenpopular.C.Parentsshouldtaketheirchildrenoutforpicnicsandshowsmoreoften.D.Invitingchildren’sfriendstofamilyactivitiesisgoodforthemtomakefriends.10.Thetextismainlyabout.A.howanunpopularchildcanbehelpedB.whysomechildrenareunpopularC.whatgoodqualitiesunpopularchildrenhaveD.whocareaboutunpopularchildrenC体裁记叙文话题奴隶制度词数463IgotyourletterandwasgladtofindthatyouhadnotforgottenJourdon,andthatyouwantedmetocomebackandlivewithyouagaininTennessee,promisingtodobetterformethananybodyelsecan.AlthoughyoushotatmetwicebeforeIleftyou,Ididnotwanttohearofyourbeinghurt.ItwoulddomegoodtogobacktothedearoldhomeagainandseeAllen,Esther,Green,andLee.Givemylovetothemall,andtellthemIhopewewillmeetinthebetterworld,ifnotinthis.Iwanttoknowparticularlywhatthegoodchanceisyouproposetogiveme.IamdoingtolerablywellhereinOhio.Igettwenty-fivedollarsamonth,withfoodandclothing;haveacomfortablehomeforMandy,thefolkscallherMrs.Anderson;andthechildren—Milly,Jane,andGrundy—gotoschoolandarelearningwell.TheteachersaysGrundyhasaheadforapreacher.Wearekindlytreated.Now,ifyouwillwriteandsaywhatwagesyouwillgiveme,Iwillbebetterabletodecidewhetheritwouldbetomyadvantagetomovebackagain.Wehaveconcludedtotestyoursinceritybyaskingyoutosendusourwagesforthetimeweservedyou.Thiswillmakeusforgetandforgiveoldscoresandrelyonyourjusticeandfriendshipinthefuture.Iservedyoufaithfullyforthirty-twoyears,andMandytwentyyears.Attwenty-fivedollarsamonthforme,andtwodollarsaweekforMandy,ourearningswouldamounttoeleventhousandsixhundredandeightydollars.Addtothistheinterestforthetimeourwageshavebeenkeptback,anddeduct(扣除)whatyoupaidforourclothing,andthreedoctor’svisitstome,andpullingatoothforMandy.Ifyoufailtopayusforfaithfullaborsinthepast,wecanhavelittlefaithinyourpromisesinthefuture.Inansweringthisletter,pleasestateiftherewouldbeanysafetyformyMillyandJane,whoarenowgrownup,andbothgood-lookinggirls.Iwouldratherstayhereandstarve—anddie,ifitshouldcometothat—thanhavemygirlsbroughttoshamebytheviolenceandwickednessoftheiryoungMasters.Youwillalsopleasestateiftherehasbeenanyschoolsopenedforthecoloredchildreninyourneighborhood.Thegreatdesireofmylifenowistogivemychildrenaneducationandhavethemformvirtuoushabits.SayhowdytoGeorgeCarter,andthankhimfortakingthepistolfromyouwhenyouwereshootingatme.11.Accordingtothepassage,theletterwaswrittenbyJourdontohisformer.A.friend B.masterC.neighbor D.relative12.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A.ThefamilynameofthisletterwriterisAnderson.B.ThewriterispaidthesameashewasinTennessee.C.Thewriterwillcertainlygetatleast11,680dollars.D.Safetyratherthaneducationweighsalottothewriter.13.Thewriter’sdescriptionofhispresentsituationimpliesthat.A.heshowshisintentionofgoingbackinTennesseeB.heissomewhatricheranddoesnotneedtogobackC.hislifeisrelativelygoodbutstillneedsimprovementD.heisnotalittlesatisfiedwithhispresentlifeinOhio14.Thepurposeofthewriter’saskingforhispaybackis.A.toshowheneedsthatamountofmoneyurgentlyB.toshowheisdeterminedtogetwhathedeservedC.totestwhethertheletterreceiverisworthyoftrustD.totelltheletterreceiverhestillhasfaithinhim15.Fromthepassage,wecanseethewriterisvery.A.wise B.stupidC.greedy D.generous【拓展训练】阅读A篇,仿写句子。1.很难解释他为什么会爱上那个矮小的女孩。(it作形式主语)__________________________________________________2.正如我们预料的那样,他成功了。__________________________________________________3.很可能成功的关键在于你的态度。(it’slikelythat...)__________________________________________________答案解析A1.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要争辩的问题,其次段开头从两个方面解释该问题,末段是总结段,由此看来,首段首句和末段首句提到的人类行为是本文的中心内容,因此答案为A。2.【解析】选B。词义猜想题。依据文章内容,我们可以推断proponent应指人,指这两种理论的支持者,只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推想,故选B。3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。第三段首句的largelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors和末句的governedbyourinstincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A项的看法,故选A。4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。本题实际上考查对第四段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的likemachines,humansrespond...表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器,而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应做对比,由此可见,C为正确的理解。5.【解析】