2022广东清远市高考英语单项选择和阅读理解一轮选练(1)及答案

【由安徽省合肥市2022高考模拟题改编】阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。ScientistsinUKhavegrownalivinghuman"brain".TheteamatAstonTheybelieveitcouldhelpfindacureforworsementalconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.ProfessorMichaelColemanisleadingtheresearchprogram.Heexplained,"Weareaimingtobeabletostudythehumanbrainatthemostbasiclevel,usinganactuallivinghumancellsystem.Cellshavetobealiveandoperatingefficientlytoenableustoreallyunderstandhowthebrainworks."Theexperimentinvolveschangingcellsfromacancertumour(肿瘤）andmakingthembehavelikebraincells.Althoughfarfromfinished,researchershopethefalsebraincellswillgivethemagreaterunderstandingofhowrealbrainswork.This,inturn,couldsignificantlyfurtherresearchintoconditionswhichaffectthebrain.NeilHunt,chiefleaderoftheresearchgroup,said,"Itisstillveryearlydays,butinthefuturetheresearchcouldleadtoausefultoolforlookingintodementia(痴呆)."ThetechniquecouldalsoprovideawaytocarryonanimaltestandisbeingsupportedbytheHumaneResearchTrust(HRT).Thescientistspredictthatoverthenexttenyearsamillionpeoplewilldevelopdementia.ProfessorColemanbelievestheirfindingscouldchangethis.Hesaid，"Wehopeourresearchwillprovidescientistswithanewandhighlyrelationalhumanexperimentalmodeltohelpthemunderstandthebrainbetteranddevelopnewdrugstocontroltherelateddisease.However,thebiggestchallengeatpresentisthatwearegreatlyshortoffund,whichwillslowourresearch."1.UKscientistsgrowalivinghuman"brain"inorderto______.A.studythestructureofhumanbrain B.makeuseoflivinghumancellsystemC.discoverhowhumanbrainreallyworks D.separatecellsfromacancertumour2.AccordingtoNeilHunt,researchintobraincells______.A.willgetfinishedasearlyaspossible B.willmakepeoplediscoverdementiaC.willaffectthebraingrowthinmanywaysD.willhelptotreatsomediseasesinnervesystem3.Fromthelastparagraph，wecanknowthat______A.thetechniqueprovidedbyHRTisimmatureB.animaltestsarenolongerallowedbylawC.amillionpeoplesufferfrombraindiseasesD.theresearchprogramlacksfinancialsupport4.Thetextisintendedto______.A.tellusaboutabreakthroughinmedicalresearchB.introducearesearchprograminhuman'sbrainC.introducetheprogressofdrugsfordementiaD.tellusabouthealthprobleminnervesystem【参考答案】1—4、CDDB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2021界虹口区质量监控测试题】Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine(饥荒),infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeelamoralobligation(责任)tokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessesthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoften“goonwelfare”iftheyhaveaseriousillness.Whenolderpeoplebecomesenile(年轻的)ortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescent(疗养的)hospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofitmakingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimply“dumping(倒垃圾的)grounds”forthedyinginwhich“care”isgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunderskilledpersonnel(员工).72.Theauthorbelievesthattheincreasedsizeofthehumanpopulationresultsfrom_______.A.anincreaseinbirthrates B.theindustrialdevelopmentC.adecreaseindeathrates D.childhooddiseases73.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinhuntingandgatheringcultures_______.A.itwasamoralresponsibilityforthefamiliestokeepalivetheagedpeoplewhocouldnotworkB.thesurvivalofinfantswaslessimportantthanthatoftheirparentsintimesofstarvationC.oldpeopleweregiventhetaskofimparting(传授)theculturalwisdomofthetribetonewgenerationsD.deathwascelebratedasatimeofrejoicingforanindividualfreedof(免除)thehardshipsoflife74.Thephrase“thisneed”inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.prolongingthedyingoldpeople’slivesB.reducingtheproblemscausedbytheretiredpeopleC.makingprofitsthroughcaringforthesickorweakpeopleD.takingcareofthesickorweakpeople75.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheoldpeopleintheUnitedStatesistrue?A.Manyofthemliveonsocialsecuritymoneywhichishardlyenough.B.Minorityofthemremaininastateofnearpovertyaftertheirretirement.C.Manynursinghomesaresponsoredbyreligiousandnonprofitgroups.D.Olderpeoplehavewealthorprivateinsuranceiftheyhaveaseriousillness.【参考答案】72-75:CBDADirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.【2021界崇明县】（A）Marshallwasapromisingyoungartist.Hepaintedwithgreatfeeling.Hispaintingswereallcharacterizedbyastrongloveandsympathyforpeople.Hishighschoolartteacherfelthehadaspecialtalent.Marshall’sfatherdidn’twanthimtobeapainter,however.Mr.Donaldsonwantedhissontobeastockbroker(股票经纪人).HewantedMarshalltocontinuethedynastystartedbyhisgreat-greatgrandfatherin1820.Thefamilybusiness,DonaldsonandDonaldsonInc.,wasnowalarge,successfulinvestmentfirm.Mr.DonaldsonfeltMarshallwasmuchtooindividualistic.“Listen,”hetoldhisson,“Ihadnosayinchoosingmycareer.Ijustdidwhatmydadtoldme.”“Butyouaregoodatbusiness,”Marshallreplied.“I’mnot.I’msureIwouldjustcausetroubleforyouandproblemsforthecompany.”Marshallfelttherewasnowayhecouldeverfillhisfather’sshoes.And,althoughhewasnostrangertohighsociety,hedidn’tfeelcomfortableamongthewealthy.Hepreferredtheordinary,working-classpeopleofthecity.Hispaintingstoldoftheirstrugglesandtheirhopes.SometimesafterschoolMarshallwouldhangaroundoutsideafactorygate.Hewoulddrawtheworkersastheycameoutattheendoftheirshift.MaWhenMarshallgothome,hewouldtakeouthispaintings.Thepaintingsexpressedhissympathyandrespectforthosehard-workingpeople.Well,Marshallneverdidenterthefamilybusiness.Thisangeredhisfather.ButasMarshallgotolder,hiscareerasanartistbegantotakeoff.Hebecamequitefamous,andpeoplepaidlargeamountsforhis“plainpeople”paintings.Intime,thissuccesswonMarshall’sdadover.Mr.Donaldsoncouldseehissonwasborntopaint.Marshallwasgladhisfatherfinallycamearound.Andhappily,thetwobegantoworktogetherafterall.Twiceeachyeartheyheldabenefitartshow.Marshalldonatedanumberofhispaintingstobesoldateachshow.ThepersuasiveMr.Donaldsongothiswealthyfriendsandclients(客户)toattend—andtospend.Themoneyfromtheartsaleswasusedtohelpfactoryworkersimprovetheireducation.65.Whydidn’tMarshall’sfatherwantMarshalltobeapainteratfirst?A.HethoughtMarshallwasgoodatbusinessratherthanart.B.HeexpectedMarshalltocontinuetheirfamilybusiness.C.HewantedMarshalltoearnmoremoney.D.HethoughtMarshallwasindividualistic.66.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat___________.A.Marshall’schoiceturnedouttobewrongB.Marshall’schoiceaffectedtheirfamilybusinessC.Marshall’sfatheratlastsupportedMarshall’schoiceD.Marshall’sfatherwasalwaysunhappywithMarshall’schoice67.Theunderlinedphrase“takeoff”inparagraph7probablymeans“__________”.A.totakeawayorremoveB.togoawayunexpectedlyC.tostopworkingtemporarilyD.tosuddenlybecomeverysuccessful68.Itwas__________thatmadeMarshallasuccessfulartist.A.histalentanddiligence B.hisdad’shelpwithartshowsC.hisartteacher’ssupport D.hisdesiretohelppoorpeople【参考答案】65.B 66.C 67.D 68.A2021高考英语：数词（附解析）1．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich______savedforotherpurposes.A．is B．areC．was D．were答案D[句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。rawmaterials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，therest作主语；therest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而which＝rawmaterials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。]2．One­thirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens______blackpeople.A．is；are B．is；isC．are；are D．are；is答案A[“国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而“国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木掩盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。]3．ThegirlfoundtheT­shirtsoldonlinewas______thatinthesupermarket.A．ashalfcheapas B．cheapashalfasC．thehalfpriceof D．halfthepriceof答案D[句意：这个女孩发觉网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋被比对象，这一句型中，假如形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数＋as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as＋被比对象；2）倍数＋形容词或者副词的比较级＋than＋被比对象；3）倍数＋the＋size/width/depth/length/height＋of＋被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。]4．______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A．Twofifth；is B．Twofifths；areC．Twofifth；are D．Twofifths；is答案D[句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所掩盖。two­fifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得全都。land为不行数名词，故正确答案为D项。]5．Everyone，menandwomen，oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A．isenjoy B．wereenjoyingC．enjoys D．enjoy答案C[本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。]6．Thepublic______thebestjudgebecausethepublicalways______theirthoughts.A．are；express B．is；expressC．is；expresses D．are；expresses答案B[前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。]7．Cattle______wellinthecountrymarketatpresent，accordingtotheeveningnews.A．sell B．sellsC．isbeingsold D．willbesold答案A[有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。]8．Allthefurnitureinmyoffice______madeinHongKong.A．is B．areC．were D．hadbeen答案A[此处furniture作主语，为不行数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。]9．Everymeans______topreventthewaterfrom______.A．areused；pollutingB．getused；pollutionC．isused；pollutedD．hasbeenused；beingpolluted答案D[本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，works，species等。句意：（政府）用完一切方法来阻挡水受污染。]10．Britain____manyotherindustrializedcountries，___majorchangesoverthelast100years.A．togetherwith；haveexperiencedB．aswellas；haveexpe