《专业英语（计算机英语）》复习题

机密★启用前

大连理工大学网络教育学院

2020年春《专业英语（计算机英语）》

期末考试复习题

☆注意事项：本复习题满分共：400分。

一、单项选择题（本大题共60小题）

题号1234567891011121314151617181920

答案BAABCBADABDABAAABABA

题号2122232425262728293031323334353637383940

答案AABACADBACBADABDABAC

题号4142434445464748495051525354555657585960

答案ADBBACABABCAADBACABB

I、()standsforCentralProcessingUnit.Itperformsthesystem'scalculatingandprocessing.

A.computer

B.CPU

C.inputdevice

D.outputdevice

2、A()isanelectronicdevicethatoperatesunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemory,

whichcanaccordingtospecifiedrules,produceresults,andstoretheresultsfbrfutureuse.

A.computer

B.CPU

C.inputdevice

D.outputdevice

3、Thefirstgenerationofcomputeris().

A.vacuumlubes

B.transistors

C.integratedcircuits

D.microprocessors

4、()referstothephysicalequipmentthatcanperformthebasicfunctionscontainedwithinthedata

processingcycle.

A.Software

B.Hardware

C.Memory

D.CPU

5、()aretheperipheralsthatallowuserstoenterdata,programs,commands,anduserresponsesintoa

computerandtransformthemintoasuitableformforprocessing.

A.RAM

B.ROM

C.Inputdevices

D.Memory

6、A()istheprimaryinputdevice.Itisusedforenteringletters,numbersandcommandsintothe

system.

A.RAM

B.keyboard

C.outputdevices

D.memory

7、A()isacablewhichiscapableofcarryingsignalsrepresentingdatafromoneplacetoanother.

A.bus

B.USB

C.port

D.keyboard

8、Thefourthgenerationofcomputeris().

A.vacuumtubes

B.transistors

C.integratedcircuits

D.microprocessors

9、()standsforRandomAccessMemory,histhemainlocationforholdingprogramsanddatathat(he

CPUispresentlyprocessing.

A.RAM

B.ROM

C.inputdevices

D.memory

10、()standsforReadOnlyMemory,itisthecomputermemoryonwhichdatahasbeenprerecorded.

A.RAM

B.ROM

C.CPU

D.Memory

11.()performsarithmetic,comparison,andlogicoperations.ItisonepartoftheCPU.

A.RAM

B.ROM

C.CPU

D.ALU

12、()havemorestoragecapacitythandiskettesandalsoofferfasteraccesstothedatatheyhold.

A.Harddisks

B.Opticaldisks

C.Zipdisk

D.CD

13,()areoutputdevicesthatprintcharacters,symbols,andgraphicsonaphysicalmediumsuchaspaper

andatransparencyfile.

A.Flatpanelmonitors

B.Printers

C.Keyboards

D.Pointingdevice

14、Thefirstcomputersused()fbrcircuitryandmagneticdrumsformemory,andwereoftenenormous,

takingupentirerooms.

A.vacuumtubes

B.transistors

C.integratedcircuits

D.microprocessors

15、()istheelectronicdevicethatinterpretsandcarriesoutthebasicinstructionsthatoperatethe

computer.

A.Processor

B.hardware

C.memory

D.CPU

16、()isoneofthecomponentsoftheCPU,tellstherestofthecomputersystemhowtocarryouta

program'sinstructions.

A.Controlunit

B.ALU

C.RAM

D.ROM

17、ThetwocomponentsoftheCPUareconnectedbyakindofelectronicroadwaycalleda(an)().

A.USB

B.bus

C.port

D.keyboard

18、The()isthecommunicationsmediumfor(heentirecomputersystem.

A.systemboard

B.input

C.output

D.bus

19、()canbeintheformofprograms,commandsanduserresponses.

A.Processor

B.Instructions

C.Mouse

D.Port

20、Theprocessoftranslatinginstmetionsintocommandsiscalled().

A.decoding

B.register

C.digital

D.port

21、()alsocalledaprogram,istheseriesofcomputerlanguagecodedinstructionsthattellsthecomputer

howtoperformtasks.

A.Software

B.Hardware

C.Compiler

D.Interpreter

22、Twotypesofsoftwarearc()andapplicationsoftware.

A.systemsoftware

B.systemcall

C.systemcrash

D.systemhardware

23、The()isautomaticallyloadedintoRAMsoonafteryouturnon,or"boot"thecomputer.

A.applicationsoftware

B.operatingsoftware

C.shell

D.compiler

24、A()issoftwarethatlooksatanentirehigh-levelprogrambeforetranslatingitintomachine

language.

A.compiler

B.interpreter

C.instruction

D.process

25、TheCPUexecutesprogramscodedinalowerlevellanguagecalledthe().

A.utilityprogram

B.languagetranslator

C.machinelanguage

D.backup

26、()programsareusedtorecoverdeletedordamaged(corrupted)files.

A.Datarecovery

B.Systemcall

C.Systemcrash

D.Systemsoftware

27、Linuxisanoperatingsystemsimilario()(hatisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.

A.Windows98

B.Windows2000

C.WindowsXP

D.Unix

28、()isthenumberoftimesawaverepeatsduringaspecifictimeintervaljhatishowmanytimesit

completesacycleinonesecond.

A.Amplitude

B.Frequency

C.Analogsignals

D.Digitalsignals

29、()isindicatedbytheheightofawavewithinagivenperiodoftime.

A.Amplitude

B.Frequency

C.Analogsignals

D.Digitalsignals

30、In()mode,thecommunicationisunidirectional,likeaone-waystreet.Onlyoneofthetwostations

onalinkcantransmit;theothercanonlyreceive.

A.half-duplex

B.full-duplex

C.simplex

D.noneoftheabove

31、A()channelallowssimultaneousmessageexchangeinbothdirections.Itreallyconsistsoftwo

simplexchannels,aforwardchannelandareversechannel,linkingthesamepoints.

A.half-duplex

B.full-duplex

C.simplex

D.noneoftheabove

32、A()isahighlyintelligentdevicethatsupportsconnectivitybetweenbothlikeandunlikeLANs,and

betweenLANsandWANsorMANs.

A.router

B.repeater

C.switch

D.bridge

33、()isadevicethatfunctionsasbotharouterandabridge.

A.Repeater

B.Switch

C.Gateway

D.Brouter

34、()isanacronymforlocalareanetwork.ltisagroupofcomputersandotherdevicesdispersedovera

relativelylimitedareaandconnectedbyacommunicationslink.

A.LAN

B.WAN

C.MAN

D.Noneoftheabove

35Jna()network,allmicrocomputersandothercommunicationsdevicesareconnectedtoacentralhub,

suchasafileserverorhostcomputer,usuallyviaUTP.

A.bus

B.star

C.tree

D.ring

36、Ina()network,allmicrocomputersandothercommunicationdevicesareconnectedtoacontinuous

loop.

A.bus

B.star

C.tree

D.ring

37、(),theprotocolfortransferringHTMLfilesontheWeb.

A.HTML

B.ISP

C.Client

D.Sener

38、(),differencebetweenthelowestandhighestfrequenciestransmittedinaparticularchannelor

system.

A.Amplitude

B.Bandwidth

C.Bridge

D.Network

39、()，softwareusedincorporatenetworks(intranetsandextranets)topreventunauthorizedpeoplefrom

accessingthenetwork.

A.Firewall

B.Modem

C.Hypertext

D.TCP

40、(),shortformodulator/demodulator.devicethatconvertsdigitalsignalsintoarepresentationofanalog

fomi(modulation)tosendoverphonelines;areceivingmodemthenconvertstheanalogsignalbacktoadigital

signal(demodulation).

A.Server

B.Network

C.Modem

D.Gateway

41、The()isaworldwidesystemofcomputernetworksinwhichanyonecomputercanget

informationfrom/ortalktoanyotherconnectedcomputerusingtheTCP/IPprotocols.

A.Internet

B.WWW

C.ARPANET

D.ISP

42、（）isthemessages,usuallytext,sendfromonepersontoanotherviatheInternet.

A.TCP/IP

B.Telnet

C.FTP

D.E-mail

43、（）standsfor"WorldWideWeb";itisthelargeglobalcollectionofInternetserverswhichsupport

hypertextdocumentscodedinHTML,andtransferredviaHTTR

A.Internet

B.WWW

C.ARPANET

D.ISP

44、（）isawayoftransferringfilesovertheInternetfromonecomputertoanother.

A.Internet

B.FTP

C.E-mail

D.ISP

45、The（）wastheprecursorto（heInternet.Developedinthelate1960'sandearly1970'sbytheU.S.

DepartmentofDefenceasanexperimentinwide-area-networkingthatwouldsurviveanuclearwar.

A.ARPANET

B.Apple

C.Microsoft

D.Noneoftheabove

46、（）isaprotocolthatletsauserlogintoaremotecomputeranduseprogramsanddatathattheremote

ownerhasmadeavailable,justasifitwere（heirowncomputer.

A.FTP

B.WWW

C.Telnet

D.NSFNET

47、（）xonversionofeitherencodedorencipheredtextintoplaintext.

A.Decrypt

B.Encryption

C.Authenticate

D.Hacker

48、（）,theprocessofchangingplaintextdatainioencipheredtextthroughanalgorithm.

A.Decrypt

B.Encryption

C.Authenticate

D.Hacker

49、（），referringtoapersonwhobreaksintocomputersystemsforthechallengeorstealcomputer

resourcesorcorruptacomputer'sdata.

A.Hacker

B.Password

C.DES

D.Authenticate

5（）、（）,asecretcodeassignedtoauserwhichisknownbythecomputersystem.Knowledgeofthe

passwordassociatedwiththeuserIDisconsideredproofofauthorization.

A.Hacker

B.Password

C.DES

D.Authenticate

51、（）,executablecodethat,whenrunbysomeone,infectsotherexecutablecodeinacomputer.

A.ComputerSecurity

B.Digitalsignatures

C.Computervirus

D.noneoftheabove

52、（）,technologicalandmanagerialproceduresappliedtocomputersystemstoensuretheavailability.

integrityandconfidentialityofinformationmanagedbythecomputersystem.

A.ComputerSecurity

B.Digitalsignatures

C.Computervirus

D.noneoftheabove

53、(),whichstandsforMotionPictureExpertsGroup(MPEG)Layer3,israpidlybecomingthestandard

formusictransmissionviaInternet.

A.MP3

B.MP4

C.JPEG

D.AVI

54、()isacomputerteclinologythatcreatesthreedimensionalrealillusioninanartificialworld.

A.Vectorimage

B.Bitmap

C.JPEG

D.VirtualReality

55、()(MotionPictureExpertsGroup)standardsarethemainalgorithmsusedtocompressvideos.Dueto

thefactthatmoviescontainbothimagesandsound,itcancompressbothaudioandvideo.

A.JPEG

B.MPEG

C.MIDI

D.noneoftheabove

56、()(JointPhotographicExpertsGroup),standardforcompressingcontinuous-tonestillpictures.It

doesnothandleblack-and-whiteimages,nordoesithandlemotionpicturecompression.

A.JPEG

B.MPEG

C.MIDI

D.noneof(heabove

57、()willprovokeradicalchangesintheteachingprocessduringthecomingdecades,particularlyas

smartstudentsdiscovertheycangobeyondthelimitsoftraditionalteachingmethods.

A.Animation

B.WAV

C.Multimedia

D.noneoftheabove

58、（）,theprocessofcompressingafilesuchthatsomedataislostafterthefileiscompressedand

decompressed.

A.Lossycompression

B.Losslesscompression

C.Bitmap

D.Vectorimage

59、（）,theprocessofcompressingafilesuchthat,afterbeingcompressedanddecompressed,itmatchesits

originalformatbitforbit.

A.Lossycompression

B.Losslesscompression

C.Bitm叩

D.Vectorimage

60、Whichoneisawordprocessingandtexteditingtool?（）

A.Photoshop

B.Word

C.Extreme3D

D.Premiere

二、判断题（本大题共30小题）

题号123456789101112131415

答案VVXXJVVXXVVVVVV

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答案VXXJVVVVV7VVVXX

1>Dataconsistsoftherawfactsardfiguresthatareprocessedintoinformation.

2、Informationissummarizeddataormanipulateddata.

3、Softwarereferstothephysicalequipmentthatcanperformthebasicfunctionscontainedwithinthedata

processingcycle.

4、Hardwareisacomputerprogrammadeupofasequenceofdetailedinstructionsdesignedtodirectacomputer

toperformcertainfunctions.

5、Memoryalsocalledmainmemory,primarystorage,RAM,isaninternalstorageareainthecomputer,where

dataandprogramsdesignedforimmediateprocessingarcheld.

ASCIIstandsforAmericanStardardCodeforInformationInterchange.

7、Abusisacablewhichiscapableofcarryingsignalsrepresentingdatafromoneplaceioanother.

8、Outputdevicesareperipheralsthatallowuserstoenterdata,programs,commands,anduserresponsesintoa

computerandtransformthemintoasuitableformforprocessing.

9、Inputdevicesarehardwarecomponentsthatcanconveyinformationtoauserinaformthattheycanuse.

1()、USBportisanewindustrywidestandardthatwilleventuallyeliminatetheneedtoinstalladaptercards.

II、Applicationsoftwareconsistsofprogramsthatperformspecifictasksforusers.

12、Operatingsystemisasetofprogramsthatperformspecifictasksforusers.

13、Devicedriversarespecializedprogramsdesignedtoallowparticularinputoroutputdevicestocommunicate

withtherestofthecomputersystem.

14、Languagetranslatorsconverttheprogramminginstructionsintoalanguagethatcomputersunderstandand

process.

15、Userinterfacecontrolshowyouenterdataorinstructionsandhowinformationisdisplayedonthecomputer

screen.

16、C++isanobject-orientedprogramminglanguage.

17、BridgeisaninterfacethatenablesWANstocommunicate.

18、LANisacommunicationnetworkthatcoversawidegeographicalarea,suchasastateoracountry.

19、Uploadistosendfilesfromauser'smicrocomputertoanothercomputercomparedwithdownload.

20、Gatewayisaninterfacethatenablesdissimilarnetworkstocommunicatewithoneanother.

21、TCP/IPisthesuiteofcommunicationsprotocolsusedtoconnectcomputersontheinternet.

22、ADomainNameSystemisanInternetservicethattranslatesdomainnamestoorfromIPaddresses.

23、AnISPisacompanythatprovidesaccesstotheInternet.

24、AleasedlineisalinerentedfromatelephonecompanyfortheexclusiveuseofacustomertoaccessInternet.

25、ElectronicCommercemeansbuyingandsellingproductsandservicesonlineviatheInternet.

26、EDIisasetofcomputerinterchangestandardsforbusinessdocumentssuchasinvoices,bills,andpurchase

orders.

27、AnonlinepaymentisamonetarytranscationfromthecustomertothevendorovertheInternetbycreditcard,

digitalcash,e-wallets,andsmartcards.

28、Acreditcardisaplasticcardthatallowstheholdertoobtaingoodsandservicesoncredittermswithoutthe

immediaterequirementtopaycash.

29、Asymmetrickey(PublicKey),inencryption,onekeyisusedtobothlockandunlockdata.

30、Symmetrickey(PrivateKey):Inencrypiion,atwo-keysysteminwhich(hekeyusedtolockdataismade

public,soeveryonecan"lock".Asecondprivatekeyisusedtounlockordecrypt.

三、英译汉(本大题共10小题)

1、AnotherelectromechanicalcomputingmachinewasdevelopedbyHowardAiken,withfinancialassistance

fromIBM,atHarvardUniversityin1943.ItwascalledtheAutomaticSequenceControlCalculatorMarkI,or

simplytheHarvardMarkI.Neitherofthesemachineswasatruecomputer,however,becausetheywerenot

entirelyelectronic.

答案：另一台机电式计算机器是由霍华德.艾坎在IBM的资助下于1943年在哈佛大学研制的。它被称为自

动，字列控制计算器MarkI,或简称哈佛MarkI。然而，这些机器都不是真正的计算机，因为它们不完全是

电子化的。

2、Perhapsthemostinfluentialoftheearlycomputerlikedeviceswas(heElectronicNumericalIntegratorand

Computer,orENIAC.ItwasdevelopedbyJ.PresperEckerlandJohnMauchlyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.

答案：也许早期最具影响力的类似计算机的装置应该是电子数字积分计算机，或简称ENIAC。它是由宾夕

凡尼亚大学的J.PresperEckert和JohnMauchly研制的。

3、Itwasnotcompleted,however,until1951.BeforetheEDVACwasfinished,severalothermachineswerebuilt

thatincorporatedelementsoftheEDVACdesignofEckert,Mauchly,andvonNeuman.OnewastheElectronic

DelayStorageAutomaticComputer,orEDSAC,whichwasdevelopedinCambridge,England.

答案：然而，直到1951年，它才得以完成。在EDVAC完成之前，其他一些机器造好了，它们吸收了Eckert>

Mauchly和Neuman的EDVAC设计要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟存储自动计算机，或简称

EDSACo

4、TheUNIVACIwasthefirstcommercialcomputerinthisgeneration.Asnotedearlier,itwasusedintheCensus

Bureauin1951.Itwasalsothefirstcomputertobeusedinabusinessapplication.In1954,GeneralElectrictook

deliveryofaUNIVACIanduseditforsomeofitsbusinessdataprocessing.

答案：UNIVACI是第一代中最早的商业化计算机。如前所述，它在1951年被用于人口普查局。它还是第

一部用于商'业应用的计算机。在1954年，通用电气接收了UNIVACI,并用它进行一些商'业数据处理。

5、NetworkStructures.Unlikethetreeapproach,whichdoesnotpermittheconnectionofbranches,thenetwork

structurepermitstheconnectionofthenodesinamultidirectionalmanner.

答案：网状结构。网状结构不像树型结构那样不允许树枝相连，它允许节点间多个方向连接。

6、Onceattachedtoahostprogram,thevirusesthenlookforotherprogramsto"infect".Inthisway,theviruscan

spreadquicklythroughoutaharddiskoranentireorganizationwhenitinfectsaLANoramulti-usersystem.At

somepoint,itisdeterminedbyhowtheviruswasprogrammedthevirusattacks.

答案：病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上，就开始寻找其他可以进行“感染”的程序。这样，如果病毒感

染了一个局域网或者一个多用户系统，那么它就在整个硬盘或整个组织内迅速扩散。只有在某个点上病毒

程序才会发作。

7、N,whichwasestablishedtoaidInternetusersinfindingandsharingonlinemusicfilesknownas

MP3files,isperhapsthemostwell-knownexampleofpeer-to-peerc-commcrcc,althoughpuristsnotethat

Napsterisonlypartiallypeer-to-peerbecauseitreliesonacentraldatabasetoshowwhichusersarcsharingmusic

files.

答案：Napster,com建立的目标是帮助因特网用户发现并分享在线音乐文件，即人所共知的MP3文件。尽

管纯粹论者强调：因为它依赖中央数据库来显示哪一位用户正在分享音乐文件，所以Napsler仅仅是部分

对等。但Napster或许是对等电子商务最著名的实例。

8、C++canbeviewedasatraditionalprocedurallanguagewithsomeadditionalconstructs.BegiiningwithC,

someconstructsareaddedforobjectorientedprogrammingandsomeforimprovedproceduralsyntax.Awell

writtenC++programwillreflectelementsofbothanobjectorientedprogrammingstyleandaclassicprocedural

programming.

答案：C++被看作在传统过程语言的基础上补充了一些结构。以C语言为基础，有些结构是为了面向对象

的程序设计而添加的，有些则是为了改进过程语法。一个好的，++程序应考虑面向对象的程序设计风格和

古典的过程程序设计这两个方面，

9、Threatstocomputingsystemsarecircumstancesthathavethepotentialtocauselossorharm;humanattacks

areexamplesofthreats,asarenaturaldisasters,inadvertenthumanerrors,andinternalhardwareorsoftware

flaws.

答案：对计算机系统的威胁是引起安全丧失或伤害的环境；人们的攻击是威胁的例子，此外还有自然灾害、

人们无意识的错误和内部硬件或软件缺陷等。

10Jnaninterruption,anassetofthesystembecomeslostorunavailableorunusable.Anexampleismalicious（恶

意妁）destructionofahardwaredevice,erasureofaprogramordatafile,orfailureofanoperatingsystemfile

managersothatitcannotfindaparticulardiskfile.

答案：在中断情况上系统资源开始丢失，不可用或不能用。例如，蓄意破坏硬件设备，抹除程序或数据

文件，或造成操作系统的文件管理程序故障，以致不能找到某一磁盘文件。

四、汉译英（本大题共10小题）

1、在ENIAC的研制中,一个天才的数学家VonNeuman（冯.诺伊曼）加入到Eckert和Mauchly团队,他

们一起提出了储存程序计算机的主意。这部机器被称做电子离散变量自动计算机，或简称EDVAC,是第一

部其设计包括了计算机所有特征的机器。

答案：WhileworkingontheENIAC,EckertandMauchlywerejoinedbyabrilliantmathematician,Johnvon

Neuman.Together,theydevelopedtheideaofastoredprogramcomputer.Thismachine,called（heElectronic

DiscreteVariableAutomaticComputer,orEDVAC,wasthefirstmachinewhosedesignincludedall（he

characteristicsofacomputer.

2、第一代计算机的特色是使用真空管为其主要电子器件。真空管体积大且发热严重，因此第一代计算机体

积,茏大，并且需要大量的空调设备保持冷却。此外，因为真空管运行不是很快，这些计算机运行速度相对

较慢。

答案：First-generationcomputerswerecharacterizedbytheuseofvacuumtubesastheirprincipalelectronic

component.Vacuumtubesarebulkyandproducealotofheat,sofirst-generalioncomputerswerelargeand

requiredextensiveairconditioningtokeepthemcool.Inaddition,becausevacuumtubesdonotoperateveryfast,

thesecomputerswererelativelyslow.

3、在第二代计算机中，晶体管取代了真空管。虽然发明于1948年，但第一台全晶体管计算机宜到1959年

才成为现实(投入使用)。晶体管比真空管体积小、价格低，而且运行快而发热少。

答案：Inthesecondgenerationofcomputers,transistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Althoughinventedin1948,the

firstall-transistorcomputerdidnotbecomeavailableuntil1959.Transistorsarcsmallerandlessexpensivethan

vacuumtubes,andtheyoperatefasterandproducelessheat.

4、CuteFTP是一种基于Windows的文件传输办议客户程序，它允许用户利用FTP的功能而不必了解协议的

详细内容。CuteFTP提供了用户友好的Windows界面，而不是麻烦的命令行实用工具，从而简化了FTP的

使用。CuteFTP给PC初学者提供了上传、下载和编辑世界各地近程服务器上文件的能力。

答案：CuteFTPisaWindowsbasedFileTransferProtocol(FTP)clientthatallowsuserstoutilizethecapabilities

ofFTPwithouthavingtoknowallthedetailsoftheprotocolitself.CuteFTPsimplifiesFTPbyofferinga

user-friendlyWindowsinterfaceinsteadofacumbersomecommandlineutility.CuteFTPgivesnovicePCusers

theabilitytoupload,downloadandeditfliesonremoteFTPserversaroundtheworld.

5、面向对象的数据库可以存储并处理更加复杂的数据结构，这种数据结构称为“对象"，对象”可以

按层次组成“类”，低层的“类”可以继承上层“类”的属性：这是一种最灵活，最具适应性的数据结构。

答案：Object-orienteddatabasesstoreandmanipulatemorecomplexdatastructures,called“object”,whicharc

organizedintohierarchicalclassesthatmayinheritpropertiesfromclasseshigherinthechain;thisdatabase

structureisthemostflexibleandadaptable.

6、到目前为止，万维网是因特网最受欢迎的部分。一旦花费时间在Web上，你就会感觉到你能发掘无穷

无尽的内容。Web允许以丰富、多样的方式进行通信，可以显示文本、图片、动画、照片、声音和视频。

答案：TheWorldWideWebisthemostpopularpartoftheInternetbyfar.OnceyouspendtimeontheWeb,you

willbegintofeellikethereisnolimittowhatyoucandiscover.TheWeballowsrichanddiversecommunication

bydisplayingtext,graphics,animation,photos,soundandvideo.

7、电子商务是最新的信息技术的大舞台，它使商务过程改进和培训能聚集起真正的潜能，从而产生既可

重复又具突破性的结果。尤其在中国，各类公司对该领域的需求十分强烈。

答案：eBusinessisthearenawherethelatestinformationtechnologies,businessprocessimprovementandtraining

convergewithagenuinepotentialtocreatebothiterativeandbreakthroughresults.Thisisparticularlytruein

China,wherecompanyneedsintheseareascanbequiteintense.

8、面向对象的数据库存储并处理更复杂的称为对象的数据结构，对象可组织成有层次的类，其中的每个

类可以继承层次链中更高一级类的特性，这种数据库结构最灵活，最具适应性。

答案：Object-orienteddatabasesstoreandmanipulatemorecomplexdatastructures,called"objects"，whicharc

organizedintohierarchicalclassesthatmayinheritpropertiesfromclasseshigherinthechain;thisdatabase

structureisthemostflexibleandadaptable.

9、当多个文件或记录间的关系不能用链表达时，使用关系型数据库。一个简单的非结构列表变成一个表

或一个“关系”。多个关系可通过数学关系提供所需的信息。

答案：Relationaldatabasesarcusedwhereassociationsamongfilesorrecordscannotbeexpressedbylinks;a

simpleflatlistbecomesonetable,or“rclatiorT,andmultiplerelationscanbemathematicallyassociatedtoyield

desiredinformation.

10.MIDI格式实际上是由乐相制造商制订的标准，MIDI实际并非数字化的声音，而是描述要演奏的音符

信息的集合。

答案：TheMIDIformatisactuallyaspecificationinventedbymusicalinstrumentmanufacturers.Ratherthan

beingadigitizedformofthesound,theMIDIspecificationisactuallyasetofmessagesthatdescribeswhat

musicalnoteisbeingplayed.

五、翻译全文(本大题共4小题)

1、NewProcessorsOpenNewEraofITTechnologies

Lastweek,IntelintroducedtothepublicinRussiaandotherCIScountriesafamilyofprocessorsIntelXeon

E5-2600.Theyarcmorepowerfulandreliableand,importantly,arcveryeconomicalintermsofenergy

consumption.TheirpresenceopensanewerainthefieldofITtechnologiesandmeansthatthecloudtechnology

isgellingcloser.

Theseprocessorsareprimarilydesignedforservers,datacenters(DPC)andsupercomputers.Theemergence

ofthisclassofdevicesisnotaccidental.AccordingtotheregionaldirectorofIntelinRussiaandotherCISstates

DmitriKonashwhospokeattheevent,themarketofIT-technologyisdevelopingsorapidlythat,accordingto

forecasts,by2015therewillbe15billiondevicesconnectedtotheInternet,andover3billionofactiveusers.

答案；新处理器开始IT技术的新时代

上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔XeonE5-2600系列处理器，它们更加

强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着

云技术距离我们越来越近。

这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据

英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人DmiiriKonash就此事发表的看法,IT技术市场的发展速度极快,

根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。

2、BusSystemsSupportingMultiplePeripherals

Asthenumberofpotentialperipheralsgrew,usinganexpansioncardforeveryperipheralbecame

increasinglyimpossible.Thishasledtotheintroductionofbussystemsdesignedspecificallytosupportmultiple

peripherals.CommonexamplesaretheSATAportsinmoderncomputers,whichallowanumberofharddrivesto

beconnectedwithouttheneedfbracard.However,(hesehigh-performancesystemsaregenerallytooexpensive

toimplementinlow-enddevices,likeamouse.Thishasledtotheparalleldevelopmentofanumberof

low-performancebussystemsforthesesolutions,themostcommonexamplebeingUniversalSerialBus.Allsuch

examplesmaybereferredtoasperipheralbuses,althoughthisterminologyisnotuniversal.

答案：支持多种外接设备的总线系统

随着外接设备数量的不断增加，想用扩展卡来应付每一种外围设备越来越不现实了，这就产生了设计专

门支持多种外接设备的总线系统,通常的例子就是现代计算机上的SATA接口，这就允许很多硬盘驱动器不

需要卡就可以同计算机连接起来,但是把这些高性能系统用于低端设备，如鼠标等就很不合算,这就导致同

时开发很多低性能的总线系统解决方案，最常见的例子就是UBS接口。所有这些例子都可以称作外接设备

总浅，尽管这个术语还没有普遍通用o

3、USBflashdrive

AUSBflashdriveisadatastoragedevicethatincludesflashmemorywithanintegratedUniversalSerial

Bus(USB)interface.USBflashdrivesaretypicallyremovableandrewritable,andphysicallymuchsmaller(hana

floppydisk.Mostweighless(han30g.AsofSeptember2011,drivesofupco256gigabytes(GB)areavailable.

Storagecapacitiesaslargeas2terabytesareplanned,withsteadyimprovementsinsizeandpricepercapacity

expected.Someallowupto100,000write/e