高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十九选修6Unit4Globalwarming课件新人教版

二十九选修6

Unit4

Globalwarming(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·黄冈模拟)Wallsblanketedinmoss(苔藓)arepoppingupinmajorcities,alongwithpromisesthattheycanreduceairpollution—butcanafewsquaremetresofplantmatterreallydealwiththesmog?

ABerlin-basedfirm,GreenCitySolutions,believesso.Itsmosswalls,calledtheCityTree,areroughly4squaremetresinsize.ArmedwithWi-Fisensorstomonitorthehealthofmoss,aCityTreefunctionsautonomouslyandrequiresverylittlemaintenance(维护).Thewallcollectsrainwater,whichispumpedthroughabuilt-inirrigationsystemtotheplants,poweredbysolarenergy.Asaresult,thefirmsayseachCityTreeisableto“eat”around250gramsofparticulate(颗粒)matteraday(nearly90kgayear)andremovesabout240metrictonsofCO2annually.Italsocoolsthesurroundingair.

AwarethatgettingthesurroundingairincontactwiththemosswalliscrucialfortheCityTreetobeeffective,theinventorsensurethatthelocationofeachinstallation(安装)ischosencarefully.Spotswherepollutionisheavyduetotrafficandwhereairflowislimitedarepicked.Theimportanceofthisstepisexplainedbythefactthatthewastegasfromacargenerallygoesverticallyafewkilometresintotheair.

Butthisdoesn’tmeanmosswallswillnecessarilyprotectpeoplefrompollution.IntheNetherlands,researchersfoundthateightwallsinstalledinAmsterdamfailedtoreducetheconcentrationofparticulatematter(PM)andnitrogendioxide(NO2).Theirreportconcludedthatevendoublingthenumberofmosswallswoulddolittletoimprovetheireffectiveness.

TheCityTreeisnotmeantforparksortosubstituteforstreettrees,buttoaddgreenerytoconcrete-heavyspaceswhereplantingisnotanoption.It’simportanttorememberthatstreettreesprovideawholehostofotherbenefits,includingshelterandhabitatforurbanwildlife,shadeandcoolingforpeopleonthestreet,andreductionofurbanheatislands.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以号称能够减少空气污染的,在大城市如雨后春笋般出现的CityTree—苔藓墙是否真的能对付雾霾展开了讨论,分别从其功能、选址,以及是否有效发挥作用方面进行了讲述。作者在文末提出个人观点:苔藓墙并不能够取代公园和街道树木。1.WhatdoweknowabouttheCityTree?A.Itcanabsorbsomeairpollutants.B.Itcanirrigateotherstreetplants.C.Itproduceselectricitytocoolwater.D.Itisaimedatsavingwaterincities.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容:Asaresult,thefirmsayseachCityTreeisableto“eat”around250gramsofparticulatematteraday(nearly90kgayear)andremovesabout240metrictonsofCO2annually.可知每棵“城市树”每天可以“吃”大约250克的颗粒物(每年近90千克),每年可以消除约240吨的二氧化碳。因此它有吸收一些空气污染物的功能。2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofCityTree.B.ThefunctionofCityTree.C.HowtooperateCityTree.D.WheretoplaceCityTree.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过阅读可知,该段首句内容为本段中心主旨句,“AwarethatgettingthesurroundingairincontactwiththemosswalliscrucialfortheCityTreetobeeffective,theinventorsensurethatthelocationofeachinstallationischosencarefully.(考虑到让周围的空气与苔藓墙接触对城市树的有效性至关重要,发明者确保每个装置的位置都是精心选择的。)”可知,本段主要在讲述苔藓墙的安装位置。3.WhyistheexampleofAmsterdammentionedinParagraph4?A.ToshowthatCityTreecan’talwaysworkwell.B.ToprovethatCityTreecanreduceairpollutants.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofbuildingmosswalls.D.Toanalyzethereasonsforthefailureoftheprogram.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据英文文章的写作特点可知,举例内容应是对本段主旨要点的支持或例证,题干中提及举例内容“Amsterdam”紧跟于本段主旨要点之后,是为了给主旨句例证。结合主旨内容“Butthisdoesn’tmeanmosswallswillnecessarilyprotectpeoplefrompollution.(但这并不意味着苔藓墙一定会保护人们免受污染。)”由此判断出,该例子是为了证明苔藓墙并不一定会发挥作用。4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsreplacingstreettreeswithmosswalls?A.Ambiguous.

B.Disapproving.C.Supportive. D.Cautious.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“TheCityTreeisnotmeantforparksortosubstituteforstreettrees,buttoaddgreenerytoconcrete-heavyspaceswhereplantingisnotanoption.(“城市树”并不是为公园设计的,也不是用来替代街道上的树,而是为混凝土密集的空间增加绿色植物,在这些空间里不可以种植植物。)”可推知,对于用苔藓墙取代街道上的树这种做法,作者是反对的。【规律方法】细节理解题解题技巧在阅读理解题中,有相当一部分题目属于事实或细节题,特别是直接理解性题目,比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。BAnewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggasesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas-carbondioxide-onrice.Theresearchersgrewriceplantsinacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.

Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc(锌)thanricegrownundernormalconditions.However,vitaminElevelsincreasedbyabout13percentonaverage.

Theresultsarebadnews,“especiallyforthenutritionofthepoorerpopulationinless-developedcountries,”saidtheUniversityofTokyo’sKazuhikoKobayashi,whohelpedtowritethereport.Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinSoutheastAsia,thereportsaid.

OneofthescientistsisSamMyersofHarvardUniversityintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Hesaidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreate.“Myconcernistherearemanymoresurprisestocome,”hesaid.

Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.

Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange.Oneway,Kobayashisaid,istogrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分,对人们的身体健康造成影响。5.Whichcountrywouldbeinfluencedmostbyplanet-warminggasesaccordingtothetext?A.China.

B.Myanmar.C.America. D.Britain.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.”第四段中的“Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinSoutheastAsia”可知温室气体对农作物的影响,对不发达国家最贫困的居民影响最为严重,包括印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、缅甸、孟加拉国、老挝和其他主要位于东南亚的国家。故选B。6.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bycomparison.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bydescribingaprocess.【解析】选A。推理判断题。第三段中通过数据的比较,让我们了解了温室气体对农作物的影响程度。故选A。7.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?A.Climatechangewillbedifficulttopredict.B.Climatechangewillleadtomoregoodeffects.C.Climatechangewillbeharmfultotheenvironment.D.Climatechangewillcausemoreunexpectedproblems.【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第六段中的“Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.”可知Myers认为污染、某些物种的丧失、森林的破坏和其他人类活动可能产生意想不到的问题。出现的这些问题就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故选D。8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Myerssaidwecouldchangeallthenaturalsystemsforthesakeofourhealth.B.Thepoorestpeopleinalltheleastdevelopedcountrieswouldbeinfluencedmost.C.Theresearchersgrew18kindsofriceinChinaandJapaninacontrolledenvironment.D.Proteininricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionsincreasedby10percent.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.”可知实验是在中国和日本的农田里种植了18种水稻。他们将二氧化碳气体输送到植物上方,以创造未来的大气。也就是在可控的环境下种植水稻进行实验。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.nutrient n.营养素2.complex adj.复杂的3.destruction n.破坏4.organism n.有机体Ⅱ.完形填空TheCoffeePlaceIusedtobelievepolitenesswasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhadImeta

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【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举,让她相信很多人还是有礼貌的,善良的。1.A.polite

B.rude

C.clever

D.dull【解析】选A。句意:我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远的东西,在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。polite礼貌的;rude粗鲁的;clever聪明的;dull枯燥的。故选A。2.A.choice B.thinkingC.life D.decision【解析】选B。句意:近来,当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候,我不得不改变我的想法。choice选择;thinking想法,思考;life生活;decision决定。故选B。3.A.convenient B.niceC.reserved D.empty【解析】选D。句意:咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群,我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。convenient便利的;nice好的;reserved保留的;empty空的。故选

4.A.wide B.open C.narrow D.large【解析】选C。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜点,我们开始下楼,楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。wide宽的;open打开的;narrow狭窄的;large大的。故选C。5.A.area B.circle C.second D.line【解析】选D。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜点,我们开始下楼,楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。area区域;circle环形;second秒;line线,队。故选D。6.A.breakdown B.setdownC.comedown D.takedown【解析】选C。句意:几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。breakdown分解,崩溃;setdown记下;comedown下来;takedown取下,拿下。故选C。7.A.end B.way C.middle D.aim【解析】选C。句意:我刚下到一半的时候,有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。end结束,结尾;way方式;middle中间;aim目标。故选C。8.A.entrance B.roomC.hall D.exit【解析】选A。句意:我刚下到一半的时候,有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。entrance入口,进入;room房间;hall大厅;exit出口。故选A。9.A.gently B.roughlyC.casually D.politely【解析】选B。句意:我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。gently温柔地;roughly粗鲁地;casually随意地;politely礼貌地。故选B。10.A.carefully B.happilyC.slowly D.hurriedly【解析】选D。句意见上题。carefully细心地;happily快乐地;slowly缓慢地;hurriedly匆忙地。故选D。11.A.holding B.goingC.depending D.handling【解析】选A。句意:我尽可能快地下楼梯,手紧抓着楼梯扶手。holdingon坚持,抓住(不放);goingon继续;dependingon依靠;handling操作,处理。故选A。12.A.waiter B.studentC.friend D.stranger【解析】选D。句意:我的女儿已经走下楼梯,抬头看着我,希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。waiter侍者;student学生;friend朋友;stranger陌生人。故选D。13.A.table B.doorC.window D.counter【解析】选B。句意:快赶上我女儿的时候,我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。table桌子;door门;window窗户;counter柜台。故选B。14.A.stopped B.permittedC.kept D.considered【解析】选C。句意:我赶上了我的女儿,从这个人一直开着的门旁走过。stop停止;permit允许;keep保持;consider考虑。故选C。15.A.decide B.informC.persuade D.discuss【解析】选A。句意:我回首一看,认为仍然在那儿的那个人在决定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。decide决定;inform告知;persuade劝说;discuss讨论。故选A。16.A.after B.when C.before D.since【解析】选C。句意:我把这件事告诉女儿,我感觉很糟,因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。after在……之后;when当……时;before在……之前;since自从。故选C。17.A.required B.applaudedC.thanked D.spread【解析】选B。句意:我们很赞赏他的体贴。require要求;applaud赞赏,鼓掌;thank感谢;spread扩散。故选B。18.A.well-mannered B.deeply-affectedC.ill-educated D.easily-identified【解析】选A。此处指像这种有礼貌的人很难找了。well-mannered有礼貌的;deeply-affected深受影响的;ill-educated缺乏教育的;easily-identified容易鉴别的。故选A。19.A.general B.urgentC.serious D.common【解析】选D。句意:在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里,粗鲁地推挤非常普遍,但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。general一般的;urgent紧急的;serious严重的;common普通的,共有的。故选D。20.A.point B.prayC.devote D.explain【解析】选B。句意:直到今天我还记得这个绅士,祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。point指向;pray祈祷;devote致力于,献身于;explain解释。故选B。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.thoughtfulness

n.体贴;考虑周到2.aggressive adj.侵略的;野心勃勃的Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Today,MountQomolangma’speakisnotalonelyplaceanymore.Over3,500peoplehave1._________(successful)climbedthemountainoverthepastyear.Meanwhile,climbershavecomplainedabout2._________(wait)forhoursinthebottlenecks.

Infact,thedangerous3._________(crowd)aren’ttheonlyproblem.Allthoseclimbersneed4._________(bring)alotofgear(设备),muchofwhichendsupbeingleftonthemountain.Itisbecomingtheworld’s5._________(tall)rubbishdump.

Butthegoodnewsis6._________somemountaineershavestartedtocleanupQomolangma.Mountaine