2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023•海南学业考试）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）.Robertworehisnew（2），proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）closetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）it.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）request，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）thespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7），Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）anorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9），whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）withourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批评）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）andpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）.Inlife，weoften（14）peoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）ofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．attitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．affectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2021秋•让胡路区校级期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多样性）anduntouchedecology（生态）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（审美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？A．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？A．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.3．（2022春•临潼区校级月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesandgasesthroughouthistory.Researchersdeterminedthattheicewasnearly15，000yearsoldusingacombinationoftraditionalandnew，noveltechniquestodatethisicecore.Whentheyanalyzedtheice，theyfoundgeneticcodesfor33viruses.Fourofthoseviruseshavealreadybeenidentifiedbythescientificcommunity.Butatleast28ofthemarenovel.Abouthalfofthemseemedtohavesurvivedatthetimetheywerefrozennotinspiteoftheice，butbecauseofit."Theseviruseshavesignaturesofgenesthathelptheminfectcellsincoldenvironments—justsurrealgeneticsignaturesforhowavirusisabletosurviveinextremeconditions.Thesearenoteasysignaturestopullout，andthemethodthatZhi﹣Pingdevelopedtoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromthecoresandtostudymicrobesandvirusesinicecouldhelpussearchforthesegeneticorderinotherextremeicyenvironments—Mars，forexample，themoon，orclosertohomeinEarth'sAtacamaDesert."saidMatthewSullivan，co﹣authorofthestudy.（1）Whatisspecialaboutthisstudy？A．Scientistshavefoundtheoldestviruses.B．Theicecoresarefromhighaltitudesonearth.C．Thevirusesarenotpollutedintheanalysis.D．Anewwayofanalyzingtheresultsisadopted.（2）Howdothescientistslearnaboutthevirusesinthehistory？A．Bywatchingtheprocessoficeaccumulation.B．Bystudyingthelayeroftheicesamples.C．Bycollectingwhateverwasintheatmosphere.D．Bycreatingatimelineofclimatechange.（3）Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy？A．Ittellsthecauseofclimatechanges.B．Itwarnspeopleoftheoldviruses.C．Itprovesawaytoremoveviruses.D．Itbenefitsvirusstudyonthemoon.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Newly﹣foundoldvirusesintheglacier.B．Geneticcodesofoldvirusesintheglacier.C．Noveltechniquestodateoldviruses.D．StudyofoldvirusesontheMars.4．（2020秋•南通期末）Manyparentsworrythattheirchildren'suseofelectronicdeviceswillbringharmtotheirchildren，sotheysetstrictlimitsontheiruseofelectronicdevices.Butthere'sanotherdevice﹣relateddangerthatparentsmaybecompletelyignoring﹣second﹣handscreentime.Withsecond﹣handscreentime，kidsareindirectlyexposedtoscreensbeingusedbysomeoneelseclosetothem.Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalotfromanearlyagecanleadchildrentobecomeaddictedtothemastheygrowup，researchsuggests.Also，childrenarelikelytoshowmoreacting﹣outbehaviorswhenparentsspendtoomuchtimeontheirdevices.Often，thisistheonlywaykidscangetaparent'sattention.Spendingtoomuchtimeonelectronicdevices，especiallyinthepresenceofachild，alsosendsthemessagethatthedeviceismoreimportantthanthechild.Thiscanleadtoabreakdownintheparent﹣childrelationship.Thisdoesnotmeanthatparentsshouldnotuseelectronicdeviceswhiletheirchildrenarepresent.Itdoesmeanthatparentsneedtosetlimitsontheirownscreentime，justastheywouldfortheirchildren.Foradults，devicesareoftenanecessarypartoftheirwork，aswellaspersonaltasksandactivities.Whilecuttingdownontheirscreentimemaynotbeeasy，itisworththeeffort.Parentscannowtakesomepracticalstepstogetstarted.Oneofthesimplestissettingupcertaintimesandplaceswheredeviceswon'tbeused.Forexample，device﹣freemealtimesareimportantformanyreasons，andthisisaneasywaytolimittheuse.Otherideasincludenotusingdevicesintherestroom，whenhavingaconversationwithsomeone，orwhenplayinggameswiththekids.Inaddition，parentsshouldnotuse"doasIsay，notasIdo"tosendconfusingmessagestotheirchildren.Wecantellkidsthatit'simportanttocurbtheirdeviceuse，butiftheirexperiencewithparentsfrominfancyoniswatchingthemusedevicesfrequently，theyaremuchmorelikelytofollowthatmodel.Therefore，parentsshouldsettherightexamplefortheirchildren.（1）Whatmightcausesecond﹣handscreentime？A．Children'soveruseofelectronicdevices.B．Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalot.C．Strictlimitsonchildren'suseofdevices.D．Seeingstrangersdirectlyexposedtoscreens.（2）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A．Therisksofsecond﹣handscreentime.B．Theformsofsecond﹣handscreentime.C．Thecausesofsecond﹣handscreentime.D．Thefeaturesofsecond﹣handscreentime.（3）Whatshouldparentsdotoimprovethesituation？A．Saynototheuseofelectronicdevices.B．Makeanefforttoplaygameswithkids.C．Trytoreducetheamountofscreentime.D．Findmorereasonstohavemealswithkids.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexplainthelastparagraph？A．Itisbettertoteachbyexamplethanbyspeech.B．Hewhodoesnotlistentotheoldmanlosesatsight.C．Nothingisimpossible（ordifficult）tothemanwhowilltry.D．Knowledgewillnotbeacquiredwithoutpainandapplication.三．信息匹配（共1小题）5．UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently，thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5，500yearsago.（1）Infact，nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.（2）Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（迁徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization，whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1900，fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today，over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.（3）Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties，ittookaboutninety﹣fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.（4）Untilmoderntimes，thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants，laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies，theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.（5）Today，insteadofneedingninety﹣fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople，oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon﹣farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago，onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.四．语法填空（共1小题）6．Mostofusarefamiliarwiththe"SilkRoad"，anetworkoflandtradingrouteswhichconnectednorthwesternChinatoEuropesincetheHanDynasty.Withitsrecent（1）（popular），youmayhaveheardofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"aswell，anothernetworkoflandtradingroutesthatconnectedChinatovarious（2）（part）ofAsiaandEuropebeforesailingbecamecommon.Historically，the"AncientTeaHorseRoad"isnoless（3）（value）thanthe"SilkRoad".Andbecauseoftheirrespectivelocations（位置），sometimesthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"（4）（refer）toasthe"SouthernSilkRoad".The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"gotitsnameasChineseteaandhorseswerethemainproducts（5）（buy）andsoldalongtheroute.Historianshavetracedtheoriginsofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"backtotheTangDynasty，（6）teawasbeingtransportedoutofYunnantoBeijing，Tibet，andotherplaces.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"was（7）（far）developedduringtheSongandMingDynasties，andremained（8）busytradingrouteallyearrounduntiltheQingDynasty.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"served（9）notonlyatradingroute，butalsoabridgeconnectingdifferentraces—suchasHanandtheTibetanpeople.Itislocatednearthe"RoofoftheWorld"，andiswheremanyethnicgroupsarelocated，（10）（make）itaspotofmanyattractions.五．词汇应用（共5小题）7．n.警告；警示；先兆8．adj.不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量9．n.幻想；想象10．adj.可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的11．（2024•方城县校级开学）n.生活方式六．书面表达（共2小题）12．假设你是李华，北京欢乐谷主题公园请你为他们的主题区"失落的玛雅（LostMaya）"写一个英文指南，内容包括以下几个要点：1）背景知识：玛雅是一个古老的民族，他们曾在中美洲建立过灿烂的文明（civilization）。到公元六至八世纪，玛雅文明突然消失，原因至今未明。2）主题活动：在"失落的玛雅"主题区，您将有机会与伟大的探险家诺曼博士（Dr.Norman）一起，重新发现玛雅遗迹，探索玛雅文明失落的秘密。注意：1）词数80左右；2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。13．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。MysisterPriscillaandIjustcamebackfromaweek﹣longvacationinPortugalwithlotsofphotos.I'llremembersomanywonderfulthingsaboutmytriptothecitiesofLisbonandPorto，butoneexperienceinparticularsticksout，somethingthathappenedonourlastnightinLisbon.Beforethetrip，Iputtogetheraverydetailedrouteofplacestosee.Oneofthemust﹣visitplacesonmylistwasLivrariadoSimao，thesmallestbookstoreinLisbon.OnourveryfirstdayinLisbon，PriscillaandIsearchedforit.Wefoundtheoldestbookstoreintheworld.Butthesmallestonewasimpossibletofind!Backatthehotel，wherewehadWi﹣Fi，Ilookedthebookstoreupagain，hopingwe'dhavetimetofinditonanotherday.Butourschedulewasdelayed，andweprobablywouldn'thavetimetolookforit.OnourlastfulldayinLisbon，PriscillaandItookadaytriptoCascais，acoastaltownoutsidethecity.Wedecided，atthelastminute，tovisitahistoricfleamarket（跳蚤市场）.Wewalkedforaboutanhour，upmanysteephills.Whenwefinallyreachedthemarket，completelyoutofbreath，allthesellerswereclosingupshop.Nottomentionthatwewerebothtiredandhungry.PriscillaandIarguedoverthedirections.Iinsistedweturnright，whichendedupbeinganotherbaddecision.Weclimbedupmoresteephills，fartherandfartherawayfromanyareawerecognized.WemadeanotherrightturnontoarandomstreetandPriscillastoppedtocheckthemap.Meanwhile，Ilookedupatthestreetsign，RuadaMadalena.I'dheardthatnamebefore.Wecontinuedalittlefartherupthestreet，andIspottedafewpeoplehangingoutinalane.Therewassomethingparticularlyfamiliaraboutthescene.Ilookedcloser.Therewasasmallstorepracticallyhiddeninthelane.Ithadbooksinitswindows.Paragraph1：Ohmygoodness!Thebookstore！_________Paragraph2：Soon，itwastimeforustosaygoodbye._________

2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023•海南学业考试）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）D.Robertworehisnew（2）A，proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）BclosetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）Bit.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）Crequest，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）Athespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7）B，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）Canorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9）D，whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）Dwithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）D.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批评）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）Aandpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）A.Inlife，weoften（14）Cpeoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）Bofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．attitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．affectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty【答案】（1）﹣（5）DABBC（6）﹣（10）ABCDD（11）﹣（15）DAACB【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者带着自己的孩子罗伯特去一家餐厅过生日。在餐厅中遇到了一位耐心无比的服务员皮特。皮特以尊重和礼貌对待所有的客人，他的善意一直影响着作者的儿子。通过此事，让作者明白的是在生活中，我们经常用物质价值或大学学位来评价一个人，然而，一个人真正的价值来自于他们如何对待别人。【解答】（1）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.experiment实验；B.performance表演；C.graduation毕业；D.birthday生日。句意：他是一家餐厅的服务员，我带我五岁的儿子罗伯特去那里过生日。罗伯特穿着他的新靴子，骄傲而快乐。根据后文的"Peterfolloweduswithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable."可知，是罗伯特过生日。故选D。（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.boots靴子；B.clothes衣服；C.glasses眼镜；D.cap帽子。句意：他是一家餐厅的服务员，我带我五岁的儿子罗伯特去那里过生日。罗伯特穿着他的新靴子，骄傲而快乐。根据后文的"RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisboot."可知，罗伯特穿着新靴子。故选A。（3）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.hands双手；B.face脸；C.feet脚；D.heart心脏。句意：皮特热情地和我们打招呼，把脸贴近罗伯特的高度和他交谈。根据前文的"Petergreeteduswarmly"可知，是皮特把脸贴近罗伯特，跟他交谈。故选B。（4）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.clean清理；B.smell闻；C.describe描述；D.fix修理。句意：罗伯特抬起左脚，让皮特看到他的靴子，然后他让皮特闻一闻。根据后文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell."可知，罗伯特是让皮特去闻一闻靴子。故选B。（5）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.familiar熟悉的；B.irresponsible不负责任的；C.rude粗鲁的；D.normal正式的。句意：我还没来得及阻止罗伯特粗鲁的请求，皮特就走到罗伯特的靴子前，闻了闻。按照常识，让别人闻自己的靴子，这是粗鲁的行为。故选C。（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.sharing分享；B.suffering遭受；C.removing移走；D.collecting收集。句意：然后他感谢罗伯特分享了这种特殊的气味。罗伯特看到皮特的反应笑了。根据前文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell"可知，皮特配合罗伯特的要求，此处应该是他感谢罗伯特让他闻靴子的味道，感谢他的分享。故选A项。（7）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.waiting等待；B.ordering点菜；C.listening听；D.eating吃。句意：点菜时，罗伯特花的时间比一个快餐顾客应该花的时间多。根据后文"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，罗伯特点菜的时候花了很长的时间。故选B。（8）C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.putaside搁置；B.brokedown垮了；C.settleddown决定；D.stuckto坚持。句意：最后，他决定喝橙汁。根据前文"When，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould"可知，罗伯特在点餐的时候花了很多时间，最终决定喝橙汁。故选C。（9）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.effort努力；B.suggestion建议；C.attitude态度；D.choice选择。句意：皮特称赞了他的选择，这让罗伯特的脸上露出了更大的笑容。根据前文的"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，皮特很赞同罗伯特选择橙汁的这个选择。故选D。（10）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.excited利用兴奋地；B.worriedly担心地；C.nervously紧张地；D.patiently耐心地。句意：当小寿星挑选最合适的桌子时，彼得耐心地端着食物跟在我们后面。根据前文"Peterfollowedus"可知，皮特一直跟随着我们，这是耐心的体现。故选D。（11）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hopeful充满希望的；B.lucky幸运的；C.successful成功的；D.great好的。句意：我的内心充满了对这个男人的感谢，他让我的儿子感觉很棒。根据前文的"whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface."可知，皮特所做的一切都让罗伯特很开心，作为家长的我，内心对皮特充满感激。故选D。（12）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.respect尊敬；B.courage勇气；C.humor幽默；D.pride骄傲。句意：皮特对所有的顾客都非常尊重和礼貌。根据皮特对待顾客的表现可知，皮特以尊重和礼貌对待所有的客人。故选A。（13）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness善良；B.honor荣耀；C.confidence自信；D.trust信任。句意：八年后，罗伯特仍然能感受到皮特的善良。根据前文皮特耐心的对待罗伯特，处处是善良的体现。故选A。（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.affect影响；C.judge判断；D.serve服务。句意：在生活中，我们经常用物质价值或大学学位来评价一个人。根据后文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"可知，我们通常是以物质价值或者教育程度来评判别人。故选C。（15）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.joy快乐；B.value价值；C.gift礼物；D.duty责任。句意：然而，一个人真正的价值来自于他们如何对待别人。根据前文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"以及后文的"however"可知，二者构成的是转折关系，即不要以物质价值和教育程度来评判别人，一个人真正的价值体现在他如何对待别人。故选B。【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2021秋•让胡路区校级期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多样性）anduntouchedecology（生态）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（审美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？BA．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？CA．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？BA．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？DA．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.【答案】BCBD【分析】本文为说明文，文章说明了南太平洋的亨德森岛的垃圾污染情非常严重，以至于在沙子以下10厘米处都发现了垃圾，并且号召我们找方法解决垃圾污染问题，否则这种日益严重的污染将对地球以及所有生物的健康造成严重威胁。【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Theamountofwasteissurprisinggiventhattheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.（数目令人惊讶的垃圾被运送到这个岛屿，这个岛屿是四个皮特凯恩火山岛中最大的一个，岛上没有居民，科学家每十年才造访一到两次。）可知，没有人类居住在亨德森岛上，故选B。（2）C.细节理解题。根据第四段中的However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrentthatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.（然而，事实证明，人类不需要亲自出现就能污染一个地区。在这种情况下，垃圾是由南太平洋环流带入的，这是一种洋流，它会把垃圾通过海洋输送到亨德森岛屿）可知，洋流可以把垃圾带到亨德森岛上。故选C。（3）B.段落大意题。根据第五段"Besidesbeingaesthetically（审美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood."（除了不美观，这些垃圾对岛上的野生动物也是有害的。Lavers和研究合著者AlexanderBond发现，来岛上产卵的海龟被鱼线缠住。垃圾对错把彩色塑料当成食物的海鸟和鱼也有危害）可知，本段主要讲的是海洋垃圾对亨德森岛的环境和野生动物造成的严重影响，故选B。（4）D.写作目的题。根据最后一段中的Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（除非我们找到，改变这种情况的方法，否则这种日益严重的污染将对我们的地球及地球其所有的居住者的健康造成严重威胁，包括人类）可知，文章的目的是呼吁人们对污染采取行动，否则对地球和人类造成严重影响。故选D。【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。3．（2022春•临潼区校级月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesand