厦门大学考博英语模拟试卷11

厦门大学考博英语模拟试卷11

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Whilehewasnotdumberthananox,hewasnotanysmarter;somostofhis

classmateswerelenientandhelpedhimalong.

A^helpful

B>merciful

C、enthusiastic

D、intelligent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句的后半句说的是他的很多同学都是友爱无私的，他们帮助他共同

前进。lenient在句中的意思是“仁慈的，宽大的“。helpful“有帮助的，有益的“，

enthusiastic“热心的，热情的“，intelligent“聪明的''都不符合句意。merciful“仁慈

的，慈悲的“与题中词意思接近，如：Themercifulkingsavedthetwoyoungofficers

fromdeath.（仁慈的国王把两个年轻的军官从死神手中救了出来。）

2、Thecells（电）也）weredesignedtosunshinetoelectricitytorunamotor.

A、convert

alter

C、modify

D、exchange

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是说这种电池被设计成把太阳能转化为电能来驱动马，达。A项

中,convert（into/to）v.（使）转变为，（使）转化为（如toconvertcottonintocloth；to

convertdefeatintovictory：toconvertwaterintosteam：Thisseatconvertseasilyintoa

bed）,符合题意。其他三项中，如ervl."改变，变更”（直接跟宾语，不跟介词lo/

into）；modifyvt.“修改，更改”（不跟介词to/into）；exchange（for）vt.”交换，调

换”（exchangeAforB”用A交换B”；exchangeseatswithsb.”与某人交换座位）

都与题意不符。

3、Hethejobbecauseitinvolvedtoomuchtraveling.

A、tookup

B、appliedfur

C、turneddown

D、switchedto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：lookup开始从事；appliedfor申请；turneddown拒绝;switchedto转

到。

4、Banknotesarenotusuallyintogoldnowadays.

A、inverted

B、revertible

C>convertible.

D、diverting.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这道题的四个选项词干和词尾相近，但意义相差很远。他们的词义

为:A项“颠倒的”；B项“可回复的”;C项“（货币、证券等的）可兑换的”；D项“有

趣的“。这句话是讲一国的中央银行发行的纸币与黄金的关系，因此C项最适合，

是本题的正确答案。

5、Ayearhasandthereisnosignofthesituationgettinganybetter.

A、emerged

B>enclosed

C、clasped

D、expired

标准答案：D

知识点解析：emerge出现；enclose围住,封在...之中；clasp扣紧，紧握;

expire期满，结束。

6、Thetaxiinfrontofagirl,justintimetoavoidaseriousaccident.

A、turnedin

B、pulledup

C、clearedup

D、droppedin

标准答案：B

知识点解析：lurnin上交；pullup停车；clearup整理，清除，放晴；dropin顺便

走访。

7^ItisaninterestingthatRobsoncansaythathewouldnotusegamesmanship,

butfeltthattheprofessionalfoulwasnotonlyalegitimateweaponinagivensituation

butalsohisresponsibility.

A、dilemma

discrepancy

C、paradox

D、assumption

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Thelocalauthoritiesseemedtofortheaccidenttakingplacelastweek.

A、share

take

C、criticize

D、blame

标准答案：D

知识点解析:各项的意思是：share”均分，共有，分享“；takefor”认为，以为”；

criticize”批评，责备"；blame”责备，谴责”。空格处的意思是：应对发生的事故受

到谴责。

9、Hewaswiththedeadlydiseasewhenhewas14,andhassufferedwithitfor

10years.

A、induced

B、inflicted

C、inserted

D、integrated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他14岁时染上这种致命的疾病。B项“inflicted使承

担”符合题意。其他三项“induced劝诱；inserted插入；integrated使成整体,'都不正

确。

10、Althoughthetwocompaniestalkedabouthowlittlethereisbetweenthem,

theystillexpecttoeliminateabout10,000positionsfromacombinedworkforceof

140,000aftertheirmergence.

A^overlap

B、combination

C、congregation

D、inundation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：overlap意为“复叠处”；combination意为“结合"；congregation意为

“集合inundation意为“洪水”。木句话空格处表达的意思是：两家公司之间的复

叠处多么少。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。

11、Haven'tItoldyouIdon'twantyoukeepingwiththoseawfulriding-about

bicycleboys?

A、company

B、acquaintance

C^friends

D、place

标准答案：A

知识点解析：keepcompanywithsomeone表示“与某人为伴、交往keepfriends

with与某人保持友好关系，不如keepcompanywith意义确切；acquaintance常用于

makesomebody'sacquaintance结构中，意为“初次结识某人

12、Themeaningsoftheindividualwordsdonothelpdefineallexpressionlike

"Dropinanytime."

A^literary

B、literature

C、literal

D、literate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说字面的含义。C项1讪山”字面上的”符合题意。其他

三项literary”文学上的”;literature“文学"；literate”有文化的”都不正确。

13、Thetwocountrieswerefightingseverelytoeveryinchoftheland,

A、intervene

B、contest

C、imperil

D、inhabit

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（comesi争夺）。句意为：为了争夺每一寸土地，两国展开了激战。

A.intervene干涉，后跟in；C.imperil危害;D.inhabit居住于。

14、Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswerwiththerealityoftheir

world.

A、relevant

simultaneous

C、consistent

D、practical

标准答案：C

知识点解析:从句意上分析，consistentwith（与一致的，如：Thisstatementis

notconsistentwithwhatyousaidatyesterday'smeeting.这个说法与你昨天会上的发

言不相符。）正确。

15、Forthefirsttime,wefoundthatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhuman

evolutionandthesecondphase.

A、theories

B、morasses

C、frescos

D、fossils

标准答案：D

知识点解析：各项的意志是：山卬ry"理论，学说“；“沼泽”；1133“壁画二

fbssil“化石

16、We'dliketoatabicforfivefbrdinnerthisevening.

A、preserve

B>reserve

C^retain

D^sustain

标准答案：B

知识点解析：reservea〔able为常见搭配，意为“订餐，预定餐桌“；preserve保护；

维护；保存；retain保持，保留；sustain支撑，撑住；句意：我们想为今天预订五

人的晚餐。

17>Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchanplan.

A、inherent

ingenious

C^infectious

D、indulgent

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：木题空格处是说提出这样一个有独创性的计划。B项ingenious”机灵

的，有独创性的”符合题意,如:Aningeniousideasuddenlycameuponhimwhenhe

wastakingawalkwithhiswife.他在和他夫人散步时突然想到了一个绝妙的主意。

其他三项inhcrenr固有的，内在的，与生俱来的"；infectious“有传染性的，易传染

的，有感染力的'、；indulgent"纵容的''都不正确。

18、Fearshowedintheeyesoftheyoungman,whiletheoldmanlookedtiredand.

A、watery

B、wandering

C、weary

D、wearing

标准答案：C

知识点解析：各项的意思是：watery"水的，湿的"；wandering“徘徊的，流浪的”；

weary“疲倦的.疲劳的"：wearing“使疲惫的,令人厌倦的"°空格处的意思是：当

老人看起来又累又疲倦时，恐惧现楼在年轻人的眼中。

19、Heisa(an)andwell-behavedchild,buthisparentsworryabouthimforhe

talkstoolittle.

A^obedient

B>transient

C、conscious

D^passionate

标准答案：A

知识点解析:obedient顺从的；transient短暂的;conscious有意识的：神志清醒

的；passionate充满热情的。后三个均不合题意。句意：他是个顺从、循规蹈矩的

孩子，但他说话太少了，很让父母担心。

20、AsanpartofChina,Kongkongreturnedtotheembraceofitsmotherlandin

July,199.

A^explicit

B、oriented

C、integral

D、optimal

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（integral构成整体所必需的）。句意为：作为中国不可分割的一部分，

香港于1997年7月回到祖国的怀抱。A.explicit明晰的，清楚的；B.oriented

以……为导向的；D.0Ptimal最适宜的，最理想的。

21、TheforeignministerwouldrevealnothingabouthisrecenttouroftheMiddleEast

beyondwhathadalreadybeenannouncedatthepressconference.

A、asfor

B、inadditionto

C^alongwith

D^inrelationto

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格处的意思是：关于最近的中东之行，这位外长不会透漏任何超出

已经在记者招待会上宣布的信息。划线单词beyond的意思是“在（到）……较远的一

边，超过，那一边”。各选项的意思是：asfor“至于“；inad—ditionto”除...之

外“；alongwith"连……一起"；inrelationto"涉及，与...相比

22NStudentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionsiolovelybeachesaroundthe

islandatregular

A、gaps

rate

C、length

D、intervals

标准答案：D

知识点解析:atintervals每隔一段时间,每隔一段距离，如;Shebroughtuscoffee

atintervals.gap空隙，缺口;间隔，差距；空档，空白，如：Thetradegap

betweenimportsandexportsremainedhigh,rate速度;率；价钱，收费,如：She

canreadattheraleof1000wordsaminute,length任度。句意：学生或老师每隔

一段时间就能参加去海岛周围的美丽海岸旅行的活动。

23、Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecause

theybelievethiskindofgroupingisadvisable.

A、homogeneous

instantaneous

C、spontaneous

D、anonymous

标准答案：A

知识点解析：homogeneous同种类的，同性质的；instantaneous瞬间发生的，即将

的；spontaneous自然发生的；一，时冲动的；自发的；anonymous无名的，不具名

的；匿名的。句意：有一些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生放在同一个班，因为

他们认为这种同质的编组是可行的。

24>WhenAmericanastronautGlenreturnedtotheearthandaheartywelcome

him,hewasconsideredtobeanationalhero.

A、waitedfor

B、anticipated

C、expected

D、awaited

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D项awaited意思是“tobereadyfor,做好...的准备，备妥以待”，

符合题意。其他三项“A项waitedfor等待；B项anticipated预感，期待；C项

expected期待，预期”都不正确。本题的意思是宇航员归来后受到热烈的欢迎。因

此D项为正确答案。

25、Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersonsfromtheaudienceandaskedthem

tohelphimwiththeperformance.

A、byaccident

B、onaverage

C^onoccasion

D、atrandom

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D项“atrandom随意的”符合题意。其他三项“A项byaccident偶然

的；B项onaverage平均的；C项onoccasion有时”都不正确。本题空格处是说魔

术师从观众中随意选了几人。因此D项为正确答案。

26、Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatalltotheflowof

ideasshallberemoved.

A、prophecies

B、transactions

C>arguments

D、hindrances

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、TheymovedtoPortlandin1998andlivedinabighouse,tothesouth.

A、thewindowsofwhichopened

B、thewindowsofitopened

C、itswindowsopened

D、thewindowsofwhichopening

标准答案：A

知识点解析：thewindowsofwhich引导定语从句,修饰house。定语从句需要谓语

动词，只能用过去式opened,不能用分词opening。

28、Theeditorspenthourseverysinglepageofthatthicknovel,lookingforthe

slightesterror.

A^decorating

scrutinizing

C、remedying

D、shattering

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是说，编辑花了好几个小时来仔细审查那本厚厚的小说的每一

页，意图找出极微小的错误。四个选项中，A项decorating的意思是“装饰”，B项

scrutinizing的意思是“细察”,C项remedying的意思是“治疗,补救，矫正”，D项

shattering的意思是“打碎，使散开”。根据题意，B项为正确答案。

29、thegiftinbeautifulgreenpaper,Sarahdepartedfbrtheparty.

AxHavingwrapped

B、Towrap

C、Wrap

D、Wrapping

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在这个句子里，动词的现在分词做伴随状语，根据主句的时态，应用

现在完成时。所以，应选择A。

30、Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthasaseriesof

policies.

A、reserved

B、issued

C、delivered

D、expressed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题答案是B。B项的意思是：issue发布；颁布。其他各项的意思

是：reserve预定；deliver投送，交付，使分娩；express表达。

二、阅读理解（本题共720题，每题7.0分，共720

分。）

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentfbrthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothfora

tooth."Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenceagainst

society.Tomakeupforhisoffence,societymustgeteven.Thiscanbedoneonlyby

doinganequalinjurytohim.ThisconceptionofretributivejusticeisreHectedinmany

partsofthelegaldocumentsandproceduresofmoderntimes.Itisillustratedwhenwe

demandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.Thisphilosophyof

punishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelieved-thatsocietyowed

ittothecriminaltogiveapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminal

hadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwill

counteractthisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothing

lessthangivinguphisownwillpayhisdebt.Thedemandofthedeathpenaltyisaright

thestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimhisdue.Modernjuristshavetried

toreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatteris

nottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.It

triestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatis

inhim.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwill

enablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbe

administered,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviourmustbefound.Ifthecausecanbe

removed,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoare

incurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofthesociety.Thisdoesnot

meanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersof

crime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.If

severepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccompanyingthis,itshouldbe

administered.However,theindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumea

normalplaceinsociety.Hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunity

tomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.（450words）

31、Thebesttitleforthisselectionis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章一开始就指出，社会的公正包括两个方面：对被告的公正审判以

及对罪犯恰当的惩罚。然后，作者就报应型公正（第一段）和改正型公正（第二段）分

别进行了论述。

32、Hegelwouldviewthedeathsentenceformurderas.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：在文章第一段后半部分，黑格尔认为社会对犯人的惩处应该和他所犯

下的罪行相等。既然罪犯以自己的行动否定了自己，他就得为他过错弥补。如果该

判他死刑，他就必须去死，这也是政府赋予罪犯的一种义务。这个观点与D”是杀

人犯与生俱来的权利''相似，故选D。

33、WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：参考第一段第七句，报应型公正做法迄今还在用。

34、Thepunishmentthatwouldbemostinconsistentv/iththeviewsofcorrectivejustice

wouldbe.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“死刑电椅”在文章里不但没有提到，而且与改正型的精神不符，故选

D.

35>TheBiblicalexpression"aneyeforaneye.andatoothfbratooth"waspresentedin

orderto

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章第一段第二句后半部分wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheidea

ofapunishmentequaltoihccrime中的earlier可以看出，作者想说的是人类很早就

注意这方面了，故选D。

WhenIwasachildinSundayschool,Iwouldasksearchingquestionslike"Angelscan

flyupinheaven,buthowdocloudsholduppianos?'1andgetthesamepuzzlingresponse

abouthowthatwasnotimportant,whatwasimportantwasthatJesusdiedforoursins

andifweacceptedhimasoursavior,whenwedied,wewouldgotoheaven,wherewe'd

geteverythingwewanted.Somechildreninmyclasswonderedwhyanyonewouldhang

onacrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishandstohelpanyoneelse;IwonderedhowSanta

Clausknewwhat1wantedforChristmas,eventhoughIneverwrotehimaletter.Maybe

hehadataperecorderhiddenineverychimneyintheworld.Thisliteral-mindednesshas

stuckwithme;oneresultofitisthatIamunabletobelieveinGod.Mostoftheother

atheistsIknowseemtofeelfreedorproudoftheirunbelief,asiftheyhavecleverly

refusedtobesoldsnakeoil.Myhusband,whowasrearedinadevoutCatholicfamily,

hasservedasanaltarboy.Sootherthanbaptizingoursontoreassureourfamilies,we've

skatedovertheissueoffaith.Somepeoplebelievefaithisagift;it'sachoice,amatterof

spiritualdiscipline.Ihaveafriendwhowasrearedtobelieve,andhedocs.Buthisfaith

haswavered.Hehasstruggledtohangontoitandtopassitalongtohischildren.Another

friendofminenevergoestochurchbecauseshe'sasinglemotherwhodoesn'thavethe

gasmoney.Butsheoncetoldmeadaywhenshewaswashingorangesasthesun

streamedontothem.Asshepeeledone,thesmellroseioherface,andshefeltshe

receivedtheHolySpirit."Hesankintomybones,"sherecounted."Iliftedmypalms

upward,feelingfilledwithlove."Beingnotheologian,andnotevenabeliever,Iamnot

inapositiontoofferuptheories,butmineisthis:peoplewhoreceivefaithdirectly,asa

spontaneouscombustionofthesoul,havefewerquestions.Theyhavebeensparkedwith

afaiththatismoreunshakablethanthatofthosewhohavebeentaught.

36、Fromthefirstparagraphofthepassageweknowthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第1段提到作者小时候经常提出种种问题，并对很多事感到迷

惑，由此可知B“作者过去常常对很多事情感到困惑不解”符合文意。文章第2段提

到作者的丈夫，可知A项不正确；C文中未提及；D文中只提及作者猜想圣诞老人

可能在每家都放置了一个录音机，并不能判断出录音机的使用很普遍。

37、Theword"his"in"acrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishands"(Line6,Para.1)refers

to.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第1段第2句中提到，“我的班上的一些孩子们想知道为什么悬

挂在十字架上的那个钉子穿过其手掌的人会帮助其他任何人。”从而判断出这里指

的是耶稣双手被钉在十字架上受难的情况，所以选A。其他三项都与文意不符。

38、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第2段最后一句提到，“因此，除了给我们的儿子施洗礼来使我

们的家人安心外，我们已将信仰问题一带而过。''由此可推知大多数美国家庭都会

给刚出生的婴儿洗礼，所以选C。

39、Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorusestheexampleofthesinglemothertoindicate

thatfaith.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第3段中作者提到的信仰对有些人来说是一种礼物，对另一些人

来说是一种选择；而在举出这位单身母亲的例子时，提到她突然感到了圣灵，并感

到上帝沁入她的骨髓，这说明信仰是一种自发的冲动，因此选D。

40、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：纵观全文，作者通过提及小时候的经历，成年后家中的情况以及身边

朋友的情况来对信仰这个问题作了阐述，并在最后提到了自己的观点。由此可知A

正确。B只是文章第1段提到的一个细节；C不全面，作者在文中也谈到了无神论

者：D与文章内容无关,

Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,but

whenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolI

wantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaims

wouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationand

lotofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat'snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudy

engineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesntevenofferamajorinelectrical

engineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice:Icamehereformorenoble

reasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavalue

systemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionby

interactingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingScienceorengineering.Myparents,

teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswise

andmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.Iheadedofftocollege,feelingsure

Iwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering

"factories"wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobea

completeengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.NowI'mnotso

sure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleideals

eventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstragglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineering

courseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineering

studentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythat

hasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandthe

liberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallythey

shapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestraggleto

reconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.

41、Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe

标准答案：C

知识点解析：在第三段中作者表示：“Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer：

technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.”作者选择艺术类院校读是因

为他想成为一个把工程技术和人文科学完美结合的优秀人才。

42、Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,

engineeringstudentscan.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“Iwantedtoopenmyeyes...Scienceorengineering.”作者认为同学艺

术的人交往可以开阔视野，增长见识。

43、Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：在作者看来，一个成功的工程类学生应该不仅应该具有技术才能，更

需要有广阔的视野。

44、Theauthor'sexperienceshowsthathewas.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：故事的最后，作者的美好理想在现实中破灭。所以他的理想固然是

好，但却是不切实际的。

45Theword"they'*inparagraph5refersto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：结合上下文，很显然这个“they”是指代前一句话中的“engineeringand

M

thelibcralartso

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyofthe

world'sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome

relatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainst

oneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocial

entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitors

maynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictand

competitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessby

whichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisservice,ofoneanother.Oppositionisthus

contrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceof

oneanother.Thesedefinitionsarcnecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethat

competitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,

butconflictisnotconflict;nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobably,an

essentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedforthe

inevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimal

species,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureis

competition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinor

maintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,but

inthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrom

meat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecome

victimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,but

ratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthe

struggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,anda

satisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessful

decline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryatthe

expenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamong

nationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

46>Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

48>Thephrase,*'functioninthedisserviceofoneanother"(Line9,Para.1)most

probablymeans.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion"

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatistical

methods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsof

governmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)anda

gentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplaying

theoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,is

representedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingof

censusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthe

fathercamemodeminferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesof

probability.Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribing

collectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,

intelligence,orgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlying

continuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariable,suchassex,collegemajor,or

personalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof

summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsistool

fordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofan

otherwiseunwieldymassofdata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethods

forsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhuman

mind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake

predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishes

todeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschool

withoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeof

statistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestion

eachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfrom

asampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredict

orestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlya

sampleofthepopulation.

50、Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociatedwith?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章第一段中“Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,

statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,

andthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.“可以得

到答案。

51、Whydoestheauthormentionthe"mother"and"father"inthefirstparagraph?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者用，、父亲"、,、母亲”这样的说法只是为了用一种幽默和易懂的方式

来介绍统计学的由来。

52、Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第三段最后一句话“Descriptivestatisticsistoolfordescribingor

summarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldy

massofdata.”说明描述统计学是对大量杂乱的数据性质进行描叙、总结或者简化

以更易于理解的工具。所以C正确。

53、Whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由文章最后一段易知：抽样检测的目的是为了预测整体的特性.这也

就是inferentialstatistics的方法和内容。

54、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitlefor(hispassage?

标准答案：c

知识点0析：整篇文章讲述的就是统计学的发展和应用，所以C最合适。

AsTexasbeginstorecoverfromtwoweeksofdevastatingstorms,agenerallyhidden

truthaboutitseconomywillcometolightagain.Mostofthebuildersandelectricians

whowillhavetorepairthehouses,remaketheroadsandre-establishtheelectricalpower

lineswillhavetotakeonundocumentedworkersinordertomeettheircontracts.In1996

theImmigrationandNaturalisationService(INS)conservativelyestimatedthatTexas

hadover600000undocumentedimmigrantsdoingthejobsnooneelsewants:hauling

carcassesinpackingplants,pickingfruit,cleaninghotelrooms,orsortingoutthe

unspeakabledamagecausedbynaturaldisasters.Mentiontheissueoftheseworkerstoa

Texan,andheisliabletofalluncharacteristicallysilent.Evenstatelegislatorsavoidthe

issue.Theyknowthatmanyoftheirconstituentsemployundocumentedworkers.They

alsoknowthattheboomingTexaseconomyisdriveninpartbythereadysupplyof

cheap,diligent,illegallabour.Dallasisonemagnetforundocumentedworkers.Thecity's

politiciansopposeINScrackdownsfearingtheywilldamagethelocaleconomyand

bankruptsmallcompanies.Houstonisanother.Thereadawndrivepastsomeofthecily's

36informalday-laboursitesshowsthesizeoftheundocumentedworkforce.Young

Mexicanswaitonthepavement,readytojumpintothebackofanypick-uptruckthat

slowsdowntotakethem.Houstonpoliceestimatethatover150,000labourers,about

85%ofthemundocumented,gathereverydayinsearchofajob.Itisatestamenttothe

vitalityoftheTexaseconomythatmostofthemgethiredusuallytomixcementandshift

bricks.Noquestionsareasked,nopaperssigned.Mostworkersdonotevenknowtheir

employersname.Theyarepaidincash,around40dollarsadaywhiletheaverage

Americanearnsmorethantwiceasmuch.

55、Accordingtothepassage,thepresenceofimmigrantworkersinTexas.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章第2段可知，得克萨斯人对移民工人倾向于保持沉默，避而不

谈，并没有把他们看作一个问题，而且得克萨斯州的经济增长一部分依赖于这些非

法的移民工人为之工作，所以选

56、Someofthejobsthattheillegalimmigrantsdoasmentionedinthearticleinclude

thefollowing.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在文章第1段中有2处提到非法移民工人在Texas都做些什么工作，

由此分析4个选项。B中managingrestaurants,cleaningroads是文中没有提到的，

C中cleaningroadsandcuttingmeat不正确，D中workinginparks不正确,所以选

Ao

57、Theillegalworkersare.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第3段最后"bythereadysupplyofcheap,diligent,illegallabor"说明

这些非法工人廉价、勤快。选D。

58、WhichofthefollowingwasNOTstatedinthepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A选项文中没有直接说，但是从文章比喻Dallas和