专题07 重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及专练100题（原卷版）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（牛津上海版）

专题07重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及专练100题Grammar1：现在完成时专题现在完成时比较：IliveinShanghai.我住在上海。（一般现在时）ImovedtoShanghaitenyearsago.十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般过去时）IhavelivedinShanghaifortenyears.我在上海住了十年了。（现在完成时）Ⅰ.构成现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其中的have/has为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。Ⅱ.用法1.表结果：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以和already,yet,just等连用。Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经把照片寄了。（照片不在我这里了）--haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃午饭了吗？--Yes,Ihavejusthadit.是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。（现在不饿了）2.表继续：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：thismorning,thesedays,inthelast(past)…,since,foralongtime等。Theyhavelivedheresince1989.自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。Shehasbeenthereforovertwoyears.她在那里两年多了。3.表经验：表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情，常和never,ever,once,threetimes,before等连用。IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.我以前从没去过埃及。HehasbeentoEgyptthreetimes.他去过埃及3次了。【小试牛刀】()1.I___thebookyet.

A.haven'tread B.hadn'tread C.don'tread D.amnotreading

()2.TheyleftforBeijinglastmonthandwe___themeversince.

A.don'thearfrom B.haven'theardfrom

C.won'thearfrom D.didn'thearfrom

()3.Hesayshe___thebookseveraltimesalreadythisyear.

A.hadread B.hasread C.willread D.isreading

Ⅲ.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强调影响。(1)A:Haveyouseenthefilm?你看过这部电影吗？B:Didyouseethefilm?你看过这部电影吗？A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。(2)A:Shehaswateredtheflowers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）B:Shewateredtheflowersyesterday.她昨天浇的花。表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等，以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。(1)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（错）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.（对）(2)--Haveyoueverbeentothegreatwall?--Yes,Ihave.--Whendidyougothere?--Lastweek.Ⅳ.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词表示的动作顺建即可结束，不能延续，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。IhaveleftWuhanfortendays.（错）IhavebeenawayfromWuhanfortendays.（对）IleftWuhantendaysago.（对）ItistendayssinceIleftWuhan.（对）TendayshaspassedsinceIleftWuhan.（对）瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换Become---be;borrow---keep;buy---have;come---behere;go---beaway;leave---beaway;marry---bemarried;havegot---have;begintostudy---study;break---bebroken;close---beclosed;die---bedead;getup---beup;join---bein;lose---belost;open---beopen.Ⅴ.注意点havebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin(1)havebeento表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方，总之，现在已不在该地。(2)havegoneto表示“以去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已到了该地。总之，现在还未回来。(3)havebeenin表示“已在该地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at,而后面跟副词时只用havebeen，不用任何介词。XiaoLihavebeentoBeijing.小李去过北京。XiaoLihavegonetoBeijing.小李去了北京。XiaoLihavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.小李在北京待了三年了。【小试牛刀】()1.Myuncle___Londonforfiveyears.Buthewillbebacknextyear.

A.went B.hasbeenin C.hasgone D.hasgoneto

()2.-CouldIspeaktoMrsBlack,please?

-Sorry,she___tothelibrary.

A.isgoing B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.willto

()3.Peterisyoung,buthe___manyforeigncountries.

A.hasbeenin B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.hasbeento

since的四种用法(1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.(2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.(3)since+从句（从句通常用一般过去时，而主句一般用现在完成时）Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.(4)Itis（hasbeen）+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.★比较since和forSince用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.【注意】：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)在使用thismorning,thisafternoon,thissummer等时间状语时，如说话时间仍在此范围，则用现在完成时，否则用一般过去时。Ihavereviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）Ireviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）用于现在完成时的句型Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次来北京。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。(2)Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。Ⅵ.考纲词汇拓展Afterhewonthegame,hisparentsandrelativeswereveryproudofhimandallofhisteacherstookprideinhim.在赢了比赛后，他的父母和亲戚以他为傲，他所有的老师也是。【拓展1】feelproudof=takepridein对...感到骄傲的【拓展2】wintheprize/game赢得奖项/比赛beat/defeatsb.打败某人Whenhewasonlyachild,hedreamtofbecomingascientistbutafterhegrewup,hemadeadecisiontobeateacherinsteadofascientist.当他还是个孩子的时候，他梦想成为一个科学家，但是长大后，他决定成为一名老师而不是科学家。【拓展1】dreamofdoingsth.梦想做某事【拓展2】makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.=bedeterminedtodosth.=makeupone’smindtodosth.决定做某事Thisretiredhealthyleaderhasalotofhobbiessuchascollectingstamps,enjoyingtheBeijingopera,takingsomephotos,drawingsomepicturesandtraveling.这个退休的身体健康的领导有许多爱好，例如收集邮票，听听京剧，拍照片，画画还有旅行。【拓展1】leadv.引导，带领 leadern.领导leadsb.tosp.带领某人去某地 leadsb.todosth.指引某人做某事leadto导致Hiscarelessnessledtothefailureofthisexperiment.他的粗心导致了这次实验的失败。【拓展2】healthyadj.健康的 unhealthyadj.不健康的 healthn.健康Smokingisverybadforyousoifyouwanttokeephealthy,youhadbettergetridofitandtakemorephysicalexercises.吸烟对你有害，所以如果你要保持健康，最好戒烟，多做运动。【拓展1】bebadfor对...有害的近义词组：beharmfulto=doharmto反义词组：begoodfor对...有好处的begood/kind/niceto对...友好的begoodat=dowellin擅长...【拓展2】getridof取消近义词组：disposeofThepriceofthehouseistoohighformanyordinarypeopletoafford,somanypeoplebegintorentthehouseinthecenter.房价对于很多普通人来说太高了以至于买不起，因此许多人开始在市中心租房。【拓展1】affordtodo支付得起（一般用于否定句和一般疑问句）【拓展2】价格的高低用low/high，东西的便宜或贵用expensive/cheapAlotoforganizationshopethatthegovernmentwilltakeactiontoprotectthelovelypandasfromdisappearance.许多组织希望政府将会采取行动来保护可爱的熊猫不让其消失。【拓展1】organizev.组织organicadj.有机的organizationn.组织organizedadj.有组织，有条理的【拓展2】takeactiontodosth.采取行动做某事activeadj.积极的actorn.男演员 actressn.女演员【拓展3】protect...from保护...免受...现在完成时专练100题一、单项选择1．John,haveyou________thedictionaryIlentyou?A．bring B．brought C．brings D．bringing2．—HaveyoutravelledontheAirportExpress________?—No,Ihaven’t.A．still B．yet C．already D．too3．—_________you_________totheUSA?

—No,notyet.A．Did…go B．Are…going C．Have…been D．Have…gone4．MyparentsandI________theSpaceMuseumtwice.A．visited B．visit C．willvisit D．havevisited5．Anumberoftourists________Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.A．havebeento B．wentto C．willgoto D．havegoneto6．SophieandIaregoodfriends.We________eachotherforfouryears.A．know B．knew C．haveknown D．willknow7．Alice________toBeijingseveraltimes.Sosheknowsalotaboutcultureandcustomofthecity.A．willgo B．goes C．havebeen D．hasbeen8．Recently,ascientistcalledDrRupertSheldrake________theresultsofsomenewexperiments.A．willannounce B．isannouncing C．hasannounced D．announces9．—Isyourfatherathomenow?—No.He________toBeijingonbusiness.A．hasgone B．hasbeen C．goes D．went10．Myfather________Tianjinmanytimes,soheknowseverycornerofit.A．visits B．willvisitC．visited D．hasvisited11．He’sneverwonthegame,________he?A．is B．has C．isn’t D．hasn’t12．Theprofessor________hishometownformanyyears.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneaway C．hasbeenawayfrom D．hasleft13．Thegreatplaywright________for105years,butpeoplewillcontinuetoenjoyhisplaysformanyyearstocome.A．hasdead B．hasbeendead C．hasbeendied D．died14．Myparents________toLosAngelesbefore.A．were B．willbe C．are D．havebeen15．Mike’sparentsareGermans,buthe________toGermanysofar.A．neverwent B．nevergo C．hasneverbeen D．willnevergo16．Howlonghastheforeignfriend__________China?A．cometo B．arrived C．beenin D．gone17．It________thefirsttimethat________NewYork,becausethereisaphotoofhiminfrontoftheEmpireStateBuildinghanginginhisroom.A．is;Byronhasbeenin B．isn’t;Byronhasgoneto C．is;Byronhasbeenfor D．isn’t;Byronhasbeento18．—________you________toShanghaiDisney?Itsoundsgreat.—Notyet.Itisalwayscrowded.A．Are,going B．Have,gone C．Did,go D．Have,been19．Mysonknowsnothingabouthishometown.He_____________there.A．haseverbeen B．hasneverbeenC．hasevergone D．hasnevergone20．Thisshop________fornearlytenyears.A．hasopened B．hasbeenopen C．hasbeenclose D．hasclosed21．OurcountryandtheSolomonIslands_________friendssincetwoweeksago.A．havebecome B．havemade C．havebeen D．made22．Bythetimewe________therailwaystation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．gotto;hadbeenaway B．reached;hadleftC．arrived;hadbeenaway D．arrivedat;hasleft23．Inrecentyears,naturaldisasters________greatdamagetomanytouristattractions.A．willcause B．havecaused C．hadcaused D．werecausing24．Peter,howlonghaveyou________here?Youdadislookingforyou.A．come B．arrived C．left D．been25．TomhaslivedinShanghai_________2003.Hehaslivehere_________manyyears.A．in;for B．since;for C．since;at D．in;since26．Idon’twanttowastetime,forI________thatfilmbefore.A．willsee B．saw C．haveseen D．wasseeing27．Mymotherhasbeenback_________halfanhourago.A．since B．for C．in D．after28．Couldyoutellme________?A．howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass. B．whenwillyouleaveforBeijingC．whohastakenmyredpen. D．howlongthatfilmstarted.29．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisCORRECT?A．HehasgonetoNewZealandfor10years.B．Themoviehasbegunfor10minutes.C．HenryhasjoinedthesingingclubsincehewasinGradeSix.D．JoehasbeenawayfromChicagosincehegraduatedfromhighschool.30．MyparentsandI________inthattinyhousesinceIwasborn.A．live B．lived C．havelived D．haslived31．Ben________asanarchitectinabigcompanysinceheleftschoolin2018.A．willwork B．hasworked C．worked D．works32．Tom________inthesmalltownforthreeyearssincehemovedthere.A．haslived B．lived C．wasliving D．lives33．IamnotsurehowlongOliver________.A．hasjoinedthearmy B．hasjoinedinthearmy C．hasservedthearmy D．hasservedinthearmy34．There_________greatchangesinourlifesincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.A．were B．havebeen C．hadbeen D．are35．Ourteacherhasbeenback________halfanhour.A．since B．in C．for D．after36．Howlong_________thefilm________whenhegottothecinema?A．did;begin B．has;begunC．had;beenon D．had;begun37．George_________morethan1500Englishwordssincehegraduatedfromjuniorhighschool.A．haslearnt B．learnt C．hadlearnt D．learns38．Myfamily________Guangzhoufortwomonths.A．hasbeen B．hasgoneto C．hasbeento D．hasbeenin39．Emily________inShanghaisinceshewasbornin2006.A．live B．lived C．havelived D．haslived40．Hercousin________inShanghaisinceheleftthearmy.A．lives B．lived C．haslived D．willlive41．Benhaslivedhere_________hewasborn.A．for B．when C．since D．from42．MichaelcamebackfromtheUnitedStatesyesterday.He________alotsincewelastmet.A．changes B．changed C．haschanged D．ischanging43．AuntMaggiehasbeenateacher_________quiteafewyears.A．since B．till C．for D．and44．—________themovie________?

—________.A．Whendid;start;Since3o’clockagoB．Howlongwas;on;Sinceat3o’clockC．Whenhas;started;Since3o’clockbeforeD．Howlonghas;beenon;Since3o’clock45．Jim’smother________anengineerformorethantwelveyears.A．is B．isgoingtobe C．was D．hasbeen46．Mr.Smith________inShanghaifor10yearsandhelovesthiscityverymuch.A．lives B．lived C．wasliving D．haslived47．Whichsentenceiscorrect?A．Iwonderwhereyouhavegone. B．Iwonderwheretheyvisited.C．Iwonderwhenyouhavefinishedthetask. D．Iwonderwhatisthematterwithyou.48．LuXun________forovereightyyears,buthisworksstillhaveagreatinfluencetoday.A．died B．wasdying C．hasdied D．hasbeendead49．A:Whereisyourfather,Tony?B:He________toBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.A．isgoing B．hasgone C．goes D．hasbeen50．________32yearsold,ProfessorWanghadwritten8novels,5ofwhicharebest-sellers.A．At B．For C．Since D．By51．Ben’ssingingskills________alotsincehejoinedthesinginggroup.A．improve B．haveimproved C．improved D．hadimproved52．—Amy,youmustbehungryafterwaitingforusforsuchalongtime.—Don’tworry.I________somecookiesalready.A．ameating B．willeat C．waseating D．haveeaten53．—MayIspeaktoLily?—Sorry,she________thelibrary.Butshe________inanhour.A．hasbeento,willcomeback B．hasgoneto,willbebackC．hasgoneto,won’tbeback D．hasbeento,won’tcomeback二、用所给单词的正确形式填空(共0分)54．AlthoughLucas________(be)totheGobiDesertthreetimes,he________never________(ride)acamel.55．MrLiandhisfamilyhave________alltheobjectstheyneed.(bring)56．Who________(break)thewindow?It’stoocoldtostayhere.57．Itisthefirsttimeshe________(see)suchbreathtakingscenery.58．________you________(check)yoursuitcaseyet?59．IwillreturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI________readingit.(finish)60．Ihave________thiswatchasabirthdaygiftformycousin.(choose)三、根据句意填空(共0分)61．Beingunkindtoothershascausedhimalotoftrouble,________?62．Isupposetheyhaveknownaboutit,________?四、划线部分提问(共0分)63．Peterhashadawoodenladdersincethreedaysago.（对划线部分提问）________________hasPeterhadawoodenladder?64．UncleDonaldhasbeenanengineersince1995.(对划线部分提问)__________________hasUncleDonaldbeenanengineer?65．Hissisterhassleptsince9o’clock.(划线部分提问)_________________________________________?五、同义句转化(共0分)66．LisahasbeeninShanghaifor30years.（保持句意基本不变）LisahasbeeninShanghai________30years________.67．Jerryborrowedthestorybooktwoweeksago.(改同义句)_______________________________________________68．IjoinedthePartythreeyearsago.(保持句意不变)I__________________inthePartyforthreeyears.69．JoshmovedtoSingaporefiveyearsago.Heisstillthere.（同义改写）Josh_________________________Singapore________fiveyears.70．Tomleftmiddleschooltenyearsago.（保持原句意思）Tomhas________________frommiddleschoolfortenyears.71．Themovieproducerhasproducedthreemoviessuccessfully.（同义改写）Themovieproducer_________________________________threemovies.72．Myfatherhasbeenanarchitectforquiteafewyears.(改写为同义句)Myfatherhas______________anarchitectforquiteafewyears.73．Timjoinedthearmy3yearsago.(同义改写)Tim________

________________________________3yearsago.________________________________________Timjoinedthearmy.74．Theoldwriterlefthishometowntenyearsago.(保将句意不变)Theoldwriter________________awayfromhishometownsincetenyearsago.六、改写句子(共0分)75．Wehavejustpackedoursuitcases.（改成否定句）We________packedoursuitcases________.76．MycousinhasalreadycomebackfromtheU.S.A．(改为一般疑问句)________yourcousinscomebackfromtheU.S.A．________?77．IhavealreadybeentoBlueBay.(改为一般疑问句)________youbeentoBlueBay________?78．We’veenteredanewcentury.(改为一般疑问句)__________________enteredanewcentury?79．Wehavealreadyhadlunchintheschoolcanteen.（改为疑问句）_______you_______lunchintheschoolcanteenyet?80．Jackhasalreadyboughtanewwatch.(一般疑问句)________Jackboughtanewbook________?81．ThefirstStarbuckscoffeeshopopenedin1971.（用现在完成时改写）ThefirstStarbuckscoffeeshop________________1971.82．I’vegotaletterfromUncleWeiming.（改为一般疑问句）________you________aletterfromUncleWeiming?83．ThechildrenhavealreadyvisitedShanghaiDisneylandPark.（改为否定句）Thechildren_________visitedShanghaiDisneylandPark_________.84．TheSmithhavealreadymovedintoanewflat.(改为一般疑问句)________theSmithmovedintoanewflat________?85．Theoldmanhasrealizedthathehadtoomuchunhealthyfood.(改为一般疑问句）________theoldman________thathehadtoomuchunhealthyfood?86．Mymobilephonehasrunoutofpower.（改为一般疑问句句）________yourmobilephone________outofpower?87．MrSmithhasalreadysentflowerstohiswife.（改为一般疑问句）________MrSmithsentflowersto