广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校2022-2023学年高三上学期期末联考英语试题 附解析

华附、省实、广雅、深中2023届高三四校联考英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共8页,满分120分,考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内,并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑:如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案:不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上,如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案:不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHigginsKristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajorlifechanges.Thenursehasalwaysputothersfirst.Butwhenherson’sdepartureforcollegecoincideswithherhusbandleavingher,lifepresentstheperfecttimetotrytogetherselfback.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHarttCassandraHartt’sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodmanWhatcouldbebetterthanajuicytaleoffriendsataprestigioussummercamp.Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchadePetlovers,catyourheartout.ThelatestnovelfromdogtrainerandauthorVictoriaSchadefeaturesanoverworkedvet,MorganPearce,whoescapestoNantuckettorechargewhiletakingcareofherclient’sdog.Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmelNowavailableinpaperback,theauthortellsaturningnovelaboutawomanwho,afterbeingkidnapped,findsherselfisolatedandlivinginthewildernessofEasternEuropeduringWorldWarII.Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.1.Whoarethesebooksprobablyrecommendedto?A.Peopletakingaplane.B.Peopleworkingonthebeach.C.Peoplegoingonholiday.D.Peoplelongingtolivebythesea.2.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouchooseifyoufavourstoriesaboutteenagelife?A.TheCounselorsandDogFriendly.B.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIandTheCounselors.C.TheCounselorsandTheForestofVanishingStars.D.OutoftheClearBlueSkyandTheSeaisSaltandsoAmI.3.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?A.Theyaremainlyfictional.B.Theyareheartwarmingtales.C.Theyaretalessetincoastalareas.D.Theyareexploringthesametheme.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了五本时候在海滩读的书。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.(今年夏天，我们是否可以建议你把手机调到飞行模式，沉浸在书中？在沙滩上蜷缩在你最喜欢的椅子上看书是个好主意。这里有五个全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密)”可推知，这些书是推荐给那些在海边度假的人。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“CassandraHartt’sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.(卡桑德拉·哈特的处女作是一部青少年小说，故事发生在缅因州海岸，一个虚构的小镇被海水侵蚀。通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历)”可知，如果你喜欢关于青少年生活的故事，可以看TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据小标题OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins下的段落中“KristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajorlifechanges.(克里斯坦·希金斯讲述了一个温暖而幽默的故事，讲述了一个空巢老人正在经历一些重大的生活变化)”，小标题TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.(通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历)”，小标题TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodman下的段落中“Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.(这部以虚构的阿尔卑斯湖营地为背景的快节奏青少年惊悚片，会让你在悬念中翻页，同时感觉对篝火的渴望)”，小标题DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade下的段落中“Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.(意想不到的浪漫正等着她)”以及小标题TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel下的段落中“Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.(在一个意想不到的转折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃离纳粹德国的犹太人如何在森林里生存)”可推知，这些书有共同的主题，生活中总会遇到一些出乎预料的事。故选D项。BOnceonadarkwinter’sday,whentheyellowfoghungsothickandheavyinthestreetsofLondonthatthelampswerelightedandtheshopwindowsblazedwithgasastheydoatnight,aLittlegirlsatinacabwithherfatherandwasdrivenratherslowlythroughthebigthoroughfares.Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.Principally,shewasthinkingofwhataqueerthingitwasthatatonetimeonewasinIndiaintheblazingsun,andtheninthemiddleoftheocean,andthendrivinginastrangevehiclethroughstrangestreetswherethedaywasasdarkasthenight.Shefoundthissopuzzlingthatshemovedclosertoherfather.“Whatisit.darling?”CaptainCreweasked,holdinghercloserandlookingdownintoherface.Duringhershortlifeonlyonethinghadtroubledher,andthatthingwas“theplace”shewastobetakentosomeday.TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.Shebadseenotherchildrengoaway,andhadheardtheirfathersandmotherstalkabouttheletterstheyreceivedfromthem1.Shehadknownthatshewouldbeobligedtogoalso,andthoughsometimesherfather’sstoriesofthevoyageandthenewcountryhadattractedher,shehadbeentroubledbythethoughtthathecouldnotstaywithher.Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls,butifshehadplentyofbooksshecouldconsoleherself.Itwasabig,dull,brickhouse,exactlylikealltheothersinitsrow,butthatonthefrontdoorthereshoneabrassplateonwhichwasengravedinblackletters:MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.“Idon’tlikeit,papa,”shesaid.“ButthenIdaresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don’treallylikegoingintobattle.”Sarastoodquietly,withhereyesfixeduponMissMinchin’sface.Shewasthinkingsomethingodd,asusual.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Sarawasbotheredbyherdeparturefromherfather.B.SarawasabouttobesenttoLondonforacompletelynewlife.C.Sarawasthinkingofawaytoescapebeingsenttoaforeigncountry.D.Sarawaspersuadedtoreceivefurthereducationinaprestigiousschool.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“console“inParagraph6probablymean?A.entertain B.occupyC.comfort D.improve6.WhatdoesSaraprobablythinkofher’futureinthenewplace?A.Shedidn’tmindlivingwithothergirls.B.Shehatedtheideaoflivingindependently.C.Shewaspositiveaboutthenewlifeatschool.D.Shewasconfidenttoadapttothenewenvironment.7.Whichofthefollowingwritingskillsisemployedinthetext?A.TheauthorcomparesSara’sbraverytothatofthesoldiers.B.Thedescriptionofthesurroundingsistoaddhorrortothestory.C.TheimageofSaraisdepictedthroughappearanceandlanguage.D.Bodylanguageisemployedtoshowthecharacter’sstateofmind.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公去英国求学的故事背景。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话“TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.(印度的气候对孩子们来说非常糟糕，他们很快就被送往英国和学校)”，“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.(她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书——这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，她必须下定决心去)”以及倒数第二段“MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.(MINCHIN女士，为年轻女士选择神学院)”可知，小女孩必须得去英国接受进一步的教育，这是父母们所希望的。尽管她不想去，但是这是她做自己想做的事情之前必须要做的事情。由此可推知，小女孩决定去英国的一个神学院接受进一步的教育。故选D。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面的句子“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.(她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书——这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，她必须下定决心去)”以及划线单词前半句话“Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls(她不太关心其他小女孩)”可知，小女孩并不想去英国读书，但是她必须要去。在那里她可能不认识其她的小女孩，但是书可以安慰她寂寞的心灵。故换线单词的意思为“安慰”。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段小女孩说的话““Idon’tlikeit,papa,”shesaid.“ButthenIdaresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don’treallylikegoingintobattle.”(我不喜欢，爸爸，”她说。“但我敢说，士兵们——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜欢参加战斗。”)”可知，小女孩虽然不喜欢这个地方，但是她相信她会像一个勇敢的士兵一样，去克服自己的困难。由此可推知，小女孩有信心去适应新的环境。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.(她靠在父亲的身上，父亲把她搂在怀里，她用一双奇怪的、古怪的、老式的体贴的大眼睛凝视着窗外的路人)”可推知，作者使用了肢体语言，来描述作者现在的心里状态。故选D。CWorryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewoulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotrytocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould’vebeenspentelsewhere.Toavoidthisitisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesridiculous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini’sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface.“Maestro(大师),”themusiciansaid,“myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.”Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.“Myfriend,”hereplied,“Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.”Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.8.Whatdoweknowaboutworryfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itrequirespeopletorecordandreviewthetroublelater.B.Itdrivespeopletotryandstaysafefromanticipatedtrouble.C.It’sreferredtoasnegativeideasaboutthingsthatwillneverhappen.D.Itcausesawasteoftimethatshouldbespentonsolvingtheproblem.9.TheexampleoftheorchestramentionedinParagraph3istoarguethat________.AthenoteE-flatdoesnotappearinthemusicB.wronglyanalyzingtheproblemisridiculousC.it’snotwisetobedisturbedbysomethingimaginaryD.amanofwisdomisabletodealwith1worryeffectively10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.ArturoToscaniniwasagreatItalianmusicianfromItaly.B.Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenature.C.Timewastedonworryshouldbespentonsomethingmeaningful.D.Peoplefeelannoyedbyworrybecauseofpsychologicalproblems.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesourceofworry.B.Howtodealwithworry.C.Thedefinitionofworry.D.Howworryaffectspeople.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过分析人们产出忧虑的原因给出了解决忧虑的方法。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.（忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁。）”和第二段“Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewoulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotrytocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould’vebeenspentelsewhere.（如果我们把一段时间内我们所担心的所有事情都记录下来，在回顾它们的时候，我们会发现，我们所预期的问题或麻烦绝大多数都不会发生。这意味着我们花在担忧上的大部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰我们的问题的方法。因此，我们不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小时。）”可知，前两段可以得知，担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Toavoidthis,itisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesnidicolous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini’sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface.‘Maestro(大师),’themusiciansaid,‘myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.’Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.‘Myfriend,’hereplied,‘Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.’（为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻找担忧的根源。更重要的是，我们应该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并不存在。有一次，在一场大型音乐会上，阿图罗·托斯卡尼尼(ArturoToscanini)乐队的一名成员脸上带着恐惧的表情走近这位伟大的意大利指挥家。“大师，”音乐家说，“我的乐器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降e音。我该怎么办呢?我们马上就要开始了。”托斯卡尼尼惊讶地看着这个人。然后他和蔼地笑了笑，把一只胳膊搭在他的肩膀上。他回答说:“我的朋友，不要为这事担心。降e音在你今晚演奏的乐曲中是没有出现的。”）”可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明，被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）”可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情上。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）”可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选B。DOneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.Evenwhenyouhaveastrongpublictransportsysteminmovingpeoplebetweenpopulationhubs,thelastmile-thatsectionbetweentherailwaystationandsomeone’shome,forexample-canleadtocaruseifit’sconsideredtoofarortoodangeroustowalk.Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter‘ratruns’(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.LTNsattempttofilteroutcarsfromresidentialstreetsusingbollards,camera-controlledgatesorevenplantersfullofflowersplacedacrosstheroad,whilepedestrians,cyclistsandemergencyvehiclescanstillpass.AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat“drivingamileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,”andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.Thetrialsseegagglesofelectricscootersavailabletobepickedupfromstreetcorners.Thescootersarehiredusinganappandthen,oncethey’refinishedwith,parkedelsewhereinsidethetrialarea,wherethey’recollectedandrechargedbythehiringcompany.ADepartmentofTransportreportone-scooterusefoundtheywere“widelyperceivedtohaveenvironmentalandconveniencebenefits,”butsufferedfromcomparisonstochildren’stoys.Butthat’snotall.Theworld’sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopenedinCoventryearlierthisyear.Thetaxisanddronesbasedatthehuballtakeoffandlandverticallylikehelicoptersandarebeingusedtotravelshortjourneysordelivercargo.Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.12.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Peopleareconsideredreliantoncarstotravel.B.Publictransportsystemstillneedsimprovement.C.Pollutionfromcarshasanimpactonpeople’slifequality.D.Residentialareasareusuallyfarawayfromtherailwaystation.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofanLTN?A.It’sawaytoencouragesocialinteractionandlocalbusiness.B.It’saseriesofmeasurestoreservethestreetstowalkingresidents.C.It’sasystemthatemployshightechnologytokeepcarsonthemainroads.D.It’sapracticeprovedeffectiveinkeepingchildrensafefromtrafficaccidents.14.What’sthestructureofthetext?P=ParagraphA. B.C. D.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonreaderstoconstructahealthiercity.B.Topromotethelatestdevelopmentsincaralternatives.C.Tointroducepossiblewaystogetridofdependenceoncars.D.Toinformcitizensoftechnologicaladvancestotacklesocialproblems.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们过于依赖汽车，这不利于健康城市的建设，因此需要解除对汽车的依赖，并提出三个措施。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.(为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat“drivingamileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,”andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.(积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，“与在城市一级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶一英里，导致儿童行人死亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍”，居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.(为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段第一句“Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter‘ratruns’(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.(低交通量社区（LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的“老鼠跑道”上行驶，以保证它们在主干道上行驶。)”，第四段第一句“Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.(试行电子滑板车租赁也很受欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。)”和第五段第一二句“Butthat’snotall.Theworld’sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopenedinCoventryearlierthisyear.(但这还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。)”可知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；根据第三段最后一句“LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.(LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，第三段延续第二段，继续讨论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.(让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导地位。)”可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.____16____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.____17____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthepost-traininglevel.Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising.____18____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.____19____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.____20____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肌肉记忆是一种你先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量的现象，它是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报，之前你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。【16题详解】上文“Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.(人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒球作为“肌肉记忆”的例子，这是运动机能学习的结果)”指出人们用举例子的方法给“肌肉记忆”下定义，下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.(这是一种现象，先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量。)”是“肌肉记忆”的定义，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出其他人对肌肉记忆的定义，B项“Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.(另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。)”指出生物学家给“肌肉记忆”下了定义，其中“it”代指上文“musclememory”，故选B。【17题详解】上文“Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.(一旦你有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量。)”指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，指出我们应该如何做才能挖掘出自己的能量，A项“Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.(最好的方法就是“重新振作起来”。)”符合，同时顺承下文，下文“Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthepost-traininglevel.(事实上，最近的一项研究显示，要达到培训后的水平，只需要不到8周的再培训。)”描述了要通过在培训来挖掘自己的能量，故选A。【18题详解】上文“Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising.(但是你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间。)”提到一项研究指出要恢复到之前的水平，需要考虑最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间，你多大了，锻炼了多长时间几个方面，下文“Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.(这意味当谈到恢复您以前的健康水平时，你仍然有一个明显的优势。)”指出你仍然有优势恢复到之前的水平，空出应该承上启下，G项“Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.(所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对于那些脱离健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的。)”符合，“Allthisnews”指上文提到的“你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间”，“felloffthefitnessscheme”和下文“yourformerleveloffitness”相呼应，故选G。【19题详解】上文“Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.(恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从一个低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度。)”指出恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度这些要素，空处应该承接上文，继续谈论如何恢复肌肉记忆，E项“Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.(通常情况下，每周或每两周将这些要素增加5%是安全的。)”符合，其中“theseelements”代指上文“duration,frequency,thenintensity”，故选E。【20题详解】上文“Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.(归根结底，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报。)”指出肌肉记忆和你之前的付出的关系，肌肉记忆是你过去学习的回报，空处应该承接上文，F项“Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.(很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。)”符合，继续解释肌肉记忆与你之前的锻炼的关系，故选F。第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共1