黄金卷06 (赢在高考 黄金8卷)备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）

【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）黄金卷06第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosome____1____station.The____2____momentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.Twohourslater,backatmyhouse,Iheardaknockonthedoor.Myhusband____3____itwhileIwasonthephoneinthediningroom.“DoesJenniferlivehere?”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband’shandwasmywallet,withnotapennymissing.SheleftbeforeIcould____4____makeittothedoortooffermythanks.Aftersharingthestoryonline,Iheardfromsomeone,whoidentifiedtheladyasErinSmith.Without____5____,Icalledtothankher.Shesaidshe____6____mywalletonabusseat.Shecalculatedthatgoingtoastranger’shousewasa____7____move,butshedecidedtotakethechance.“IfIwereinthatsituation,Iwouldwantsomeonetotrytofindme.”shesaid.Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmall____8____butsheactuallywasn’ttheonlyone.RightafterErintookpossessionofmywalletonthebus,shepostedapictureofmydriver’slicensetoanonlineforum(论坛),tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhademailsfromtwowomenwhosekidsgotomyson’snurseryandwhorecognizedmyface.I’veneverexchangedwordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp.Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleI____9____tendtoact.Lookingback,Ifeelblessedsomeonehadwantedtohelpastranger.Erinhadgonebeyondwhatalmostanyonewouldhavedone,findingmyhouseonabitterlycoldnight,andforthatIwasextremely____10____.1．A．accessible B．unknown C．familiar D．convenient2．A．face-saving B．brain-washing C．heart-stopping D．eye-catching3．A．ignored B．interrupted C．examined D．answered4．A．still B．ever C．yet D．even5．A．delay B．question C．regret D．invitation6．A．threw B．placed C．opened D．spotted7．A．selfless B．risky C．delightful D．personal8．A．crisis B．danger C．encounter D．failure9．A．encounter B．follow C．consult D．accompany10．A．longing B．grateful C．concerned D．enthusiastic【答案】1．B

2．C

3．D

4．D

5．A

6．D

7．B

8．A

9．A

10．B【导语】本文是篇记叙文。作者在乘坐公交车时不小心丢失了钱包，没想到一位女士亲自上门将捡到的钱包还给了他；与此同时，其他认识但不熟悉的朋友在得知这个事情后也试图帮助他，作者不禁有着深深的感激之情。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽车上了，车子正在黑暗中加速驶向某个未知的车站。A.accessible可到达的、可进入的；B.unknown未知的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.convenient方便的。根据本句句意可知，作者把钱包落在公交车上了，而公交车现在还在行驶中，作者不知道车子下一站会在哪里停，所以是未知的车站。故选B。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个令人心悸的时刻之后，我心里很快就开始了算计。A.face-saving保全面子的；B.brain-washing洗脑的；C.heart-stopping令人心悸的；D.eye-catching夺人眼球的。根据第一段“whenfearseizedme”可知，作者发现钱包丢了时是很害怕的，所以这个时刻是令人害怕的、令人心悸的。故选C。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打电话时，我丈夫开了门。A.ignored忽视；B.interrupted打断、打扰；C.examined测验、检查；D.answered回答；answerthedoor去开门。根据上一句“Iheardaknockonthedoor”可知有人敲门，而本句的“it”指“door”，所以这里是我丈夫去开门。故选D。4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还没来得及走到门口道谢，她就离开了。A.still仍然；B.ever曾经；C.yet还、仍然；D.

even甚至。根据上一句“withnotapennymissing”可知，钱包里的钱分文未少，而作者还没来得及道谢她就走了，这里应该是一种递进关系，进一步表现了这位女士做好事不图名利，用even（甚至）符合语境。故选D。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻打电话向她道谢。A.delay延迟；withoutdelay立即、毫不耽搁；B.question问题；withoutquestion毫无疑问；C.regret遗憾、后悔；D.invitation邀请。根据前文“SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.”可看出作者未能道谢，心中是有遗憾的，所以在知道了这位女士是谁后，立即就打电话致谢。故选A。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在一辆公交车的椅子上发现了我的钱包。A.threw扔；B.placed放置；C.opened打开；D.spotted发现。根据前文“IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,”可知，作者应该是把钱包落在了公交车上，所以这名女士应该是在公交车上发现了钱包后上门来交给了他。故选D。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她盘算着去一个陌生人的家里是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险一试。A.selfless无私的；B.risky冒险的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.personal个人的。根据句中“takethechance”（冒险）可知，作者认为去一个陌生人的家中是有风险的。故选B。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应。A.crisis危机；B.danger危险；C.encounter偶遇；D.failure失败。根据第二段“Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.”可知，丢了钱包会对作者造成很多困难，引起许多不便，对她而言是一次小的危机。故选A。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我理解人们比以往任何时候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是这样的。A.encounter偶遇、邂逅；B.follow跟随；C.consult咨询、请教；D.accompany陪伴。根据前文的“Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmallcrisis.”和上一句“I’veneverexchangedwordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp”可知，这些愿意帮助别人的人很多都是作者偶然遇到的陌生人或是没有说过几句话的朋友，所以这里用encounter符合语境。故选A。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin做了几乎任何人都不会做的事，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到了我家，为此，我极其感激。A.longing渴望的；B.grateful感激的、感谢的；C.concerned关心的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据第四段“Icalledtothankher.”并结合本句句意可知，作者对Erin的善行是非常感激的。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavinganotherfinger?ResearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonhavedevelopedarobotic3D-printed“thirdthumb”.Thethumbiswornonthesideofthehandoppositetheactualthumb.Volunteerswearingthethirdthumbcouldcarry____11____(many)objectsthanusual,andholdandopenasoftdrinkbottle____12____onehand.Also,humanbrainscanadapttotheuseofanextrathumb____13____(easy).【答案】11．more

12．with

13．easily【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是伦敦大学学院的研究人员开发了3D打印的第三根拇指。11．考查比较级。句意：戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时拿更多的东西，用一只手拿着并打开一个饮料瓶。由than可知，空格处用比较级more，故填more。12．考查介词。句意：戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时拿更多的东西，用一只手拿着并打开一个饮料瓶。根据语境可知，句子表示“戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时拿更多的东西，用一只手拿着并打开一个饮料瓶”，空格处意为“用”，用介词with，故填with。13．考查副词。句意：此外，人类的大脑可以很容易地适应多一个拇指的使用。空格处用副词easily修饰动词短语adaptto，故填easily。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。“Childrenlookatscreensfortoolongeveryday,anddon’texerciseandsleepenough,andit’saffectingtheircognitive(认知的)ability”,researchershavesaid____14____anewreport.Researchers____15____(study)howmanychildrenarefollowingrecommendedscreentime,exercise,andsleepguidelines.____16____(publish)onWednesdayinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth,thestudyshowedthatmostU.S.childrenaren’tmeetingtherecommendationsanditcouldbeaffectingtheircognition.【答案】14．in

15．studied

16．Published【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一份最新的研究报告，报告表明儿童每天看屏幕的时间过长，会影响他们的认知能力。14．考查介词。句意：研究人员在一份新报告中称：“孩子们每天看屏幕的时间过长，缺乏锻炼和充足睡眠，这影响了他们的认知能力。”结合句意可知，前文是研究报告里的内容，即在这份报告里，介词in表示“在……里”，符合文意。故填in。15．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员研究了有多少儿童遵守了屏幕时间、锻炼和睡眠指南的建议。空处为主句谓语动词，结合句意可知，这里只是在陈述一件发生在过去的事情，用一般现在时即可。故填studied。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：杂志上的这项研究表明，大多数美国儿童没有达到推荐标准，这可能会影响他们的认知能力。主语thestudy和提示词publish为动宾关系，表示“研究被发表”，故需要填过去分词表被动；位于句首需要大写字母“P”。故填Published。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Awarningsystem___17___(prevent)driversfromfallingasleepwasintroducedatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices,whichwasheldfromSeptember4to9inBeijing.Thesystemcanjudge___18___thedriverissleepybymonitoringhowlongthedriver’seyesclose.Ifthedriveristired,thesystemwillsoundanalarm___19___thedriver’seyesreopen.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdriving___20___(behave),suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhiledriving,mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.【答案】17．toprevent

18．whether

19．until

20．behaviours##behaviors【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2020中国国际服务贸易交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上推出了防止司机睡着的预警系统。文章介绍了这一系统的工作方式。17．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020中国国际服务贸易交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上推出了防止司机睡着的预警系统。此处修饰system用不定式作后置定语。故填toprevent。18．考查宾语从句。句意：该系统可以通过监测司机眼睛闭上的时间来判断司机是否困了。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故填whether。19．考查状语从句。句意：如果司机累了，系统会发出警报，直到司机的眼睛重新睁开。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故填until。20．考查名词。句意：在未来，其他危险的驾驶行为，如不系安全带和开车时打电话，可能也会加入到这个警告系统中。作主语，且由other修饰应用复数名词behaviours或behaviors。故填behaviours/behaviors。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEuropeistheperfectplaceforacampervanholiday.Everycornerofthecontinentisburstingwithhistory,cultureandsights.Hereare4greatEuropeancampervanholidaydestinationsforthissummer.SwedenSwedenisalargecountry,withhundredsofwell-appointedcampingsitessuitableforvehiclesandRVs.Andasyou’dimagineinsuchabigcountry,thereareawiderangeofexperiences.HeadnorthtoLaplandintheArcticCircleandyou’llfindtruewildernesseswhereyoucantrulygetclosetonature.HeadherebetweenJuneandmid-Julyandyou’llbeabletotakeinthemidnightsunshine.Ifseafoodisapassion,you’lllovethecoastalfishingvillagesonthewestcoastofSweden.GermanyGermanyisacountryofcontrasts,whichisoneofthereasonsit’ssuchacompellingdestinationforacampervanholiday.Therearemassiveindustrialcities,rollingplains,toweringmountains,deepforestsandlong,sparklingrivers.Allthesewonderfullocationsarealllinkedbyoneoftheworld’sbestroadsystems,andtherearethousandsofcamperstops.InlateSeptember,Munichhoststheworld-famousannualOktoberfest,completewithmillionsofsteinsofbeer,sausages,sauerkrautandlederhosen.ScotlandScotlandhassomethingforeveryone:citieswithvibrantnightlife,incrediblescenery,stunninglochsandmedievalcastles.Ifyouwanttogetawayfromitall,thentheHighlandsareoneoftheleastpopulatedareasinthewholeofEurope.HikerswilllovetheCairngorms-thelargestnationalparkintheUK.Ifyou’reinScotlandinAugust,thenbesuretocheckouttheEdinburghInternationalFestival,afeastoftheatre,dance,musicandcomedy.SpainSpain’srenownedforitsbeachholidays,butitofferssomuchmorethanthat.Blessedwithalovelyclimate,richhistory,stunningarchitecture,deliciouscuisineandfriendlylocals,Spainhaslongbeenafavoureddestinationforcampervanaficionados(爱好者).HikingfanaticsshouldnotmissthebeautifulPicosdeEuropa,Spain’sonlyinhabitednaturereserve.Butbeware-summerscanbeveryhotinSpain,particularlyintheSouth.21．WhencanyouenjoythemidnightsunshineinSweden?A．InearlyJune. B．InlateJuly. C．InlateSeptember. D．InearlyOctober.22．WhichcountryshouldyouvisitifyoulikethearchitectureintheMiddleAges?A．Sweden. B．Germany. C．Scotland. D．Spain.23．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Oktoberfestisheldeveryotheryear. B．Spainhasonlyoneinhabitednaturereserve.C．CairngormsisoneofthebiggestparksintheUK. D．HighlandshavethesmallestpopulationinEurope.【答案】21．A

22．C

23．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍欧洲四个房车露营度假胜地：瑞典、德国、苏格兰和西班牙。21．细节理解题。根据介绍瑞典的段落的倒数第二句“HeadherebetweenJuneandmid-Julyandyou’llbeabletotakeinthemidnightsunshine.”（如果在六月到七月中来这里，你就能够欣赏这里的午夜阳光）可知，在六月到七月中期间去瑞典能够看到那里的午夜阳光，所以六月初去瑞典是可以看到瑞典的午夜阳光的。故选A项。22．细节理解题。根据介绍苏格兰的段落的第一句“Scotlandhassomethingforeveryone:citieswithvibrantnightlife,incrediblescenery,stunninglochsandmedievalcastles.”（苏格兰对每个人而言都有看头：有多姿多彩的城市夜生活，有无与伦比的风景，有优美绝伦的湖泊，还有中世纪的城堡）可知，在苏格兰可以看到中世纪的城堡，所以喜欢中世纪建筑的人可以去苏格兰游览。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据介绍西班牙的段落的倒数第二句“HikingfanaticsshouldnotmissthebeautifulPicosdeEuropa,Spain’sonlynaturereserve.”（远足爱好者不应错过美丽的西班牙唯一有人居住的自然保护区欧罗巴山）可知，西班牙仅有一处有人居住的自然保护区。故选B项。BBrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.ForBrian,thetimingcouldnothavebeenworse.Itwasastressfultimebetweenawifecarryingababy,adadbattlingbraincancer,andeverythingelsegoingoninthenews.Brianneededtodosomethingproductiveandheturnedtomowmowinglawnsforstressrelief.“Ijustdecidedtocreatemyowngoodnews,reallyjustasatimefiller,”saysBrian.Hewantedtohelpneighbors,justkeepinghimselfbusymentallyandphysically.Brianofferedhislawnmowingservicefreetoseniorsandpeoplewithdisabilitiesinhiscommunity.Aswordspreadofhisgoodacts,thelocalmediabeganpickinguponthestory.TheattentiongotBrianthinking.Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.Prettysoon,Brianhadalargecrowdofclientsneedingotherstomowtheirlawnsandanarmyofvolunteers,from18-year-oldsincollegetorecentretirees.Asnewsofhisorganizationspread,healsobegantoattractdonationstohelpwithoperatingcosts,whichencouragedhimtoturntheserviceintoanonprofit.Astheorganizationhasevolved(演变),Brianhasexpandedhisofferingstoincludeotherserviceslikeremovingtreesandclearingsnow.Buthebelievesthebenefitofwhathisteamdoesgoeswaybeyondthepractical.“Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.Andwe’rehearingfeedbacknotonlydirectlyfromthepeoplewe’rehelping,butalsofromtheirneighborswhothankusforhelpingmakethecommunitybetter.AndI’mevenreceivingoccasionallettersfrompeoplethatwemightnotevenhelp,buttheymighthavejustbeenatthetimelookingforsomeupliftingnews.”hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”24．WhatgotBrianintoabadsituation?A．Takingcareofababy. B．Beingoutofwork.C．Fightingagainstcancer. D．Beingreportedinnews.25．WhydidBriancreatethewebsite?A．Togainmorepublicattention.B．Toprovideawiderrangeofservices.C．Toraisedonationsforpeopleinneed.D．Tocollectnewsofkindnessmovements.26．WhatcanwelearnaboutBrian’sorganization?A．Itputsforwardplansonbetteringthecommunity.B．Itrequirespeopletogivefeedbackontheofferings.C．Itreducestheunemploymentamongpeopleinneed.D．Itgivespeoplespiritualsupportaswellasdirecthelp.27．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A．Goodthingstaketime. B．Everymomentmatters.C．Werisebyliftingothers. D．Famebringsopportunities.【答案】24．B

25．B

26．D

27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成为疫情失业背景下，免费为社区的老年人和残疾人提供修剪草坪的服务，创办一个网站帮助更多需要服务的人，既帮助了别人，也升华了自己。24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“BrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.(布莱恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成为疫情下失业的众多人之一。)”可知，失业使布莱恩陷入了困境。故选B。25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.(显然，他所提供的东西有更广泛的需求。于是，他决定创办一个网站，一场善意运动就此诞生)”可知，Brian创立网站是为了提供更广泛的服务。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.”(“我们不仅为他们提供经济援助，”他说。“这是精神和身体上的放松。”)”可知，Brian的组织给人们精神上的支持以及直接的帮助。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”(L已经成为一种激情。尤其是这种善意所带来的好处。“通过帮助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身体和灵魂。这种感觉真的很好。我觉得我做的事情是有意义和目的的。”)”可知，我们从文章中能得出我们通过帮助别人而得到升华。故选C。CLearninghowtofacesilenceinconversationisanimportantskillespeciallywhenworkingacrosscultures.Ininternationalnegotiations,experiencednegotiator(谈判者)staysilentandimpassiveonpurposebecausethatwillmakeothersfeeluncomfortableandpossiblymakecompromiseswithouthavingtodoanything.Americansespeciallycan’tstandsilence,sotheyoftenarethefirsttobreakthesilenceandsometimesmightbeatadisadvantageinnegotiations.Sowhat’sthebestresponse?Setyourjawandwaititout.Don’tofferacompromisejustbecausetheyarenotspeaking.Ifyouhavetosaysomething,askadirectquestion,suchas“What’syourinitialreactiontothatoffer?”Onceasilenceisgettinginto45secondsyoucouldsay,“Let’scomebacktothatinaminuteandgoonwiththenextpartofournegotiation.”Inpresentations,silencecanbefarmoreeffectivethandramaticpassion(热情).Beforestarting,lookattheaudienceandbesilentforamomentbecausethatsays,“I’mincontrol.IknowwhatI’mdoing.I’mconfident.”AclassicexamplewaswhenAppleco-founderSteveJobslaunchedthefirstiPhone.Heintroducedwithmanypausessothatyoudidn’tmisshiskeypoints.Becausesilencemakesusnervous,ournaturalreactionisthatwe’dbetterpayattention,there’ssomethinggoingonhere.Equally,whengivingaspeechtostaffortrainees,pausescount-especiallyiftherearenegatives.Ifyoukeeptalkingyou’respoonfeeding.Givepeopleamomentofsilencetogetbeyondtheemotionalresponseandtostartthinkingconsciouslyandprocessing.Silencecanbeaninward-focusedthoughtfulactivityoranoutwardstillnesswhereyougiveyourselfthetimetowatchandthinkandlistentotheworldaroundyou.HavingobservedtheuseofsilenceinFinlandandalsoamongtheBlackfeetNation,aNorthAmericanIndiantribeinnorthernMontanaintheUS,wecanseebenefitsfarbeyondwheelinganddealing.Silencecanbeaverypowerfulpointforunderstandingourselves,understandingothers,fordevelopingbettercommonunderstandingandmoreproductiveoutcomesandthatappliestobusiness,politics,education,law,medicine,everyareaofhumanlife.28．WhatisthepurposeoftheexampleofSteveJobs?A．ToshowthewisdomofSteveJobs. B．Toexplainsilencecanbemoreeffective.C．Tointroducehowtomakeapresentation. D．Toprovesilencecaneaseone'snervousness.29．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“spoonfeeding”inParagraph6?A．Supportingsomepersonwithanyselflesshelp.B．Feedingsomebodypatientlywithasmallspoon.C．Givingotherssomenewideastothinkovercarefully.D．Usingawaythatdiscouragesindependentthought.30．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Silenceisthebestdefense.B．Silenceinnegotiationsisofgreathelp.C．Learningtheskillsaboutsilenceisimportant.D．Silencehasdifferentmeaningsindifficultculture.【答案】28．B

29．D

30．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是在谈话中学会沉默是一种非常重要的技能，并解释了其原因。28．推理判断题。根据第四段“Inpresentations,silencecanbefarmoreeffectivethandramaticpassion(热情).(在演讲中，沉默可能比富有激情更有效。)”和第五段“AclassicexamplewaswhenAppleco-founderSteveJobslaunchedthefirstiPhone.(一个典型的例子是苹果联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯推出第一代iPhone。)”可推知，作者提到乔布斯是为了解释沉默有时候更有效。故选B。29．词义猜测题。根据第六段划线处后的句子“Givepeopleamomentofsilencetogetbeyondtheemotionalresponseandtostartthinkingconsciouslyandprocessing.(给人们片刻的沉默，让他们超越情绪反应，开始有意识地思考和处理。)”和常识可推知，如果你一直滔滔不绝地讲话，别人就没有独立思考的机会，你应该时不时停下来，让别人有反应的时间、去思考和处理你说的话。由此可推知，spoonfeeding意为“用一种阻止他人独立思考的方式”。故选D。30．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其第一段“Learninghowtofacesilenceinconversationisanimportantskillespeciallywhenworkingacrosscultures.(学习如何面对谈话中的沉默是一项重要的技能，尤其是在跨文化工作时。)”和最后一段“Silencecanbeaverypowerfulpointforunderstandingourselves,understandingothers,fordevelopingbettercommonunderstandingandmoreproductiveoutcomesandthatappliestobusiness,politics,education,law,medicine,everyareaofhumanlife.(沉默可以是非常关键的一点，可以帮助我们理解自己，理解他人，促进更好的共同理解和更有成效的结果，这适用于商业，政治，教育，法律，医学，人类生活的每一个领域。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在谈话中学会沉默是一种非常重要的技能，并解释了其原因。C项“学习沉默的技巧很重要。”概括了本文的主旨，符合文章大意。故选C。DForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyou’vegotahighschoolsciencetextbooklyingaround,you’llprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethod—developahypothesis(假设),thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscience?Theanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny(审查)ofclaims.It’sthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclaimsarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peerreview”becausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligationtofindfaults.Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.31．Whatcanwelearnabouttheso-calledscientificmethod?A．It’saneasyjobtoproveitsexistence.B．Itusuallyagreeswithscientists’ideas.C．Ithardlygetsmixedwithfalsetheories.D．Itconstantlychangesandprogresses.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Examined B．Explained. C．Repeated. D．Released.33．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A．itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaimsB．aleadingexpertcannotplayadecisiveroleinascrutinyC．diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscienceD．settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturned34．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ApplyYourMindtoScience B．ExploreADynamicWaytoScienceC．DefendtheTruthinScience D．PutYourFaithinScience【答案】31．D

32．A

33．B

34．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。针对一些人对现代科学的质疑和不信任，作者肯定了科学发现的新颖性和稳定性，认为这样不断发现、推翻、确定、再发现的过程正是科学的美妙和力量，认为人们应该相信科学。31．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.”(科学是动态的：新方法会被发明出来；旧的会被抛弃；有时，科学家们会做很多不同的事情。)可知，科学在不断地变化和进步。故选D。32．词句猜测题。根据根据第四段第一句“Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.”(科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。)和最后一句“Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.”(这就是为什么科学的多样性——更多的人从不同的角度看待一项主张——很重要。)可知，此处是指一个主张需要经过很多人的检测才会被接受。所以vetted意为“被检测”。故选A。33．细节理解题。根据第四段倒第二句“Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.”(这就是为什么如果有一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这一说法，我们一般不需要太担心的原因。)可知，一名权威专家不能在审查中发挥决定性作用。故选B。34．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.”(几十年来，一直存在着一场旨在产生对科学的不信任的广泛而有组织的运动，其资助人是那些利益和意识形态受到现代科学发现威胁的人。)和最后一段最后两句“Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.”(但这一科学过程的美妙之处在于，它解释了在其他情况下可能会显得矛盾的事情：科学产生了新颖性和稳定性。面对新的证据，科学家们确实会改变他们的想法，但这是科学的力量，而不是弱点。)可知，作者在文章中肯定了科学发现的新颖性和稳定性，认为这样不断发现、推翻、确定、再发现的过程正是科学的美妙和力量，人们应该相信科学。故D项“相信科学”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearningalanguageliterallychangesyourbrainIfyou’veeverlearnedanewlanguage,youknowhowdifficultitcanbe.Nativelanguagesseemalmostbuilt-in.____35____Butlearninganewlanguage,especiallyafterearlychildhood,canbeahugetask,burdenedbylongvocabularyliststomemorize,andcomplexcasesandtroublesometensestomaster.Ofcourse,it’sworththeeffort.Intoday’sinterconnectedworld,learninganewlanguagecanchangeyourlife.Itwillcertainlychangeyourbrain.Learninganythingchangesyourbrain,atleastalittlebit.____36____JohnGrundy,aneuroscientistspecializinginbilingualismandthebrain,sayswhenyoulearnanewlanguage,yourbraingetsrearranged,newconnectionsaremadeandnewpathwaysareformed.Thoseextrapathwayscancomeinhandy.Grundyoffersausefulanalogy(类比):Imaginethatyoualwaystakethesameroutetowork.Thenoneday,theroadiswashedout.Nowwhat?Ifyou’dvariedyourrouteovertheyears,you’dhaveoptionsalreadyinmind.Youcouldhoponanotherroadandmaybemakeittoyourdeskbeforeyourbossnoticedyouwerelate.“It’sreallyjustaremodelingofthebrainthatallowsittobecomemoreefficient,”Grundysays.____37____Afterthreemonthsofintenselanguagestudy,recruitsattheSwedishArmedForcesInterpreterAcademyhadincreasesincortical(皮层的)thicknessinareasassociatedwithlanguageprocessing.Knowingasecondlanguagecanalsohelppreventoratleastdelaycognitivedecline.“Thereisaconsistentfindingthatbilingualsareabletostaveoffsymptomsofdementiaforaboutfourtosixyearscomparedtomonolinguals,”saysGrundy.____38____Ifyou’rethinkingit’stoolate,you’reprobablywrong.Weoftenthinkonlychildrencanlearnlanguageswithease.It’struethatyoungchildrendomorequicklylearnwhateverlanguagethey’reexposedto,butwhenitcomestoaddingonanewone,adultsaren’tatasmuchofadisadvantageasyoumightthink.____39____Ifyoupracticealotandimmerseyourselfinthelanguage,youcanseethebenefitsatanyage,especiallywhenyougetolder.A．Butlearningalanguagedoesitinhighgear.B．Wesoakthemupnaturallywhenwe’reveryyoung.C．Andthesechangesdon’thelpwithonlylanguagefunctions.D．A2012studyfoundthatthisremodelingcanbesignificant.E．It’snotsomuchtheageatwhichyoulearnanewlanguageasthewayyoulearnit.F．Pickingupanewlanguagecouldchangeyourbrain,andmayevenhelpstaveoffdementia.G．Andthat’sprettyimpressiveconsideringthebestmedicationswehavecanpostponethesymptoms