新课标2024高考英语二轮复习专题练习17阅读理解4

PAGEPAGE1专题练习十七阅读理解4A(2024·吉林省东北师范附中高三第三次模拟)AbooksellerinChongqinghasbeenleavingnovelsontrainsandatstationstoinspiremorecommuters(上下班来回的人)toread,afterseeingBritishactressEmmaWatsontakepartinasimilarprojectinLondon.AuthorandbookstoreownerJiangLin,29,randomlyplaced40worksalongthecity'slight­railsystemonSunday.Whoeverfindsabookcanreaditinpublicortakeithome,buttheyareencouragedtoleaveitagainonpublictransportationoncetheyhavefinishedwithit.Jiangsaid,“Iconsideredtheneedsofcommuters，”hesaid.“Ihopestrangerscanfeelcomfortedbythebooksandfeelconnectedwithotherreaders.”All40bookswerechosenfromJiang'sstore,Razor'sEdgeBookClub,whichheopenedinthesummer,andincludedfictionandnonfiction,withtopicsrangingfromartandsocialsciencestophilosophyandhistory.Jiang'sBooksontheChongqingLightRailprojectfollowsthesamemodelasBooksontheUnderground,whichwasstartedin2012andsees“bookfairies”leaveworksonLondonTubetrainsandatstations.Readersareencouragedtosharetheirviewsonthebooks.ItwasrevealedonNov.1thatWatson,whoisbest­knownfortheHarryPottermovieseries,isabookfairy.“AfterIreadthenewsaboutherleavingbooksontheLondonTube,IwassoinspiredthatIimmediatelydecidedtodosomethingovertheweekend，”Jiangsaid.However,hisdecisionwassospontaneousthathehadnotimetomakethestickersthatareusuallyplacedoneachbooktoidentifythemaspartoftheproject.Instead,heputanoteontheflypagetointroducetheconcept.Tohissurprise,oneofhisfriendswasamongthosewhofoundhisbooksandpostedapictureonWeChatMoments,asocialmediafunctionontheinstant­messagingapp.Jiangsaidmorethan20peoplehavesincecomeonboardandarenowworkingonamoredetailedthantospreadtheloveofreading.Althoughincreasingnumbersofpeoplereadondigitaldevices,bookshavenottotallygoneoutoffashion.JiangmentionedthattheyneededthesupportfromChonqingLightRailCo.toensurethebookstostaythereandalsohopedtheprojectcouldbewelcomedacrossthecountry.重庆的一个书商在地铁上留下了40本书，希望能够激励人们多读书。1．JiangLinleftbooksontrainsoratstationsinorderto________.A．raisemoneyforpoorreadersB．openanewbookstoreC．helpsellmorebooksD．advocatereadingbooks答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“AbooksellerinChongqinghasbeenleavingnovelsontrainsandatstationstoinspiremorecommuters(上下班来回的人)toread”可知，他把书放在地铁和车站是为了激励更多的人读书，故选D。2．Jianggotinspiredtostarttheprojectby________.A．HarryPotter B．WeChatmomentsC．EmmaWatson D．Razor'sEdgeBookClub答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“afterseeingBritishactressEmmaWatsontakepartinasimilarprojectinLondon.”可知，他是看到EmmaWatson参与了一个类似的项目后才确定这样做的，故选C。3．Theunderlinedword“spontaneous”isclosestinmeaningto________.A．unplanned B．unwiseC．firm D．thoughtful答案：A解析：词义揣测题。依据下文的“hehadnotimetomakethestickers”可知，他没有经过细致的筹备，故选A。4．Jiang'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheprojectcanbebestdescribedas________.A．positive B．doubtfulC．reserved D．worried答案：A解析：观点看法题。依据最终一句“JiangmentionedthattheyneededthesupportfromChonqingLightRailCo.toensurethebookstostaythereandalsohopedtheprojectcouldbewelcomedacrossthecountry.”可知，他希望这个项目在全国都能受到欢迎，所以他的看法是很主动的，故选A。B(2024·湖南师大附中高三检测)Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle_offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.VitaminC,foundinorangesandotherfruitandvegetables,isimportantforwoundrepair.Andthemuch­talked­about‘sunshine’VitaminD,producedbytheskininresponsetoUVlight,isessentialforstrongbones.ButVitaminP?Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyourhead.Andthat'snotsurprising:thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930stodescribeasmallgroupofcompoundsthatprovidepigment(自然色素)toplants,andwerebelievedtohavehealthbenefits.Fast­forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.Today,scientistshaveidentifiedbetween4,000and6,000differentkindsandwenowknowtheyareresponsibleformanyoftheflavorsandsmellsoffruitandvegetablesandalsothattheyprotectthemfrominvaderssuchaspestsandbacteria.Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(胶原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的).Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维生素P以及它对人体的作用。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“rattleoff”underlinedinParagraph1?A．Quicklysay. B．Quicklypass.C．Quicklyfind. D．Quicklytake.答案：A解析：词义揣测题。依据第一段中“Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle_offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.”任何对自己的健康稍有爱好的人都能快速地说出一些主要的维生素，并可能对他们的功能做出有依据的揣测。由此推知画线词的意思是“快速地说出”，故选A。2．WhatdoweknowaboutVitaminP?A．Wewouldscratchourheadifwetookit.B．Itwasmadeintoacoininthe1930s.C．Peopledidn'tthinkitbeneficialinthepast.D．Itreferstothecompoundsalsocalledflavonoids.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句“Fast­forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.”可知，关于维生素P我们知道它指的是也叫类黄酮的化合物。故选D。3．HowmanyfunctionsofVitaminPforhumansarementioned?A．Four. B．Three.C．Two. D．One.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中“Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(胶原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.”和第五段第一句“Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化)”，可知，维生素P对人体有3个作用。故选B。4．HowdoesVitaminPhelpslowtheagingprocess?A．Bydealingwithoxidation.B．Bymaintainingbones.C．Bystrengtheningmuscle.D．Byprotectingagainstchronicdiseases.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的)．”可知，维生素P通过处理氧化反应帮助延缓苍老过程。故选A。C(2024·长铁一中高三第三次阶段性测试)ForyearsIhavehadnoideawhatIhavebeendoingwithmylife.Iwasa30­year­oldlawyerinNewYork.Butbeingalawyerwasnevermydreamorgoalinlife.Ihonestlywantedtobeawriter.Ihaveagreatimaginationandwouldwriteamazingstoriesinmyhead.ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayalawyer.Recently,Icouldn'tfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10pmandwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain.ThedreamstartswithmeintheoceantryingtogoforaswimandI'msearchingforsomething,butIstarttodrownandhavenocontrolovermybody.ThenalightshinesthroughthewatersandwhenIlookupallIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,“Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew！”Itwasn'tjustadream;itwasmyopportunitytomakesomethinggoodoutofmylife.Thatafternoon,IquitmyjobatthelawfirmandI_couldn't_have_been_any_happier.Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaven'tstoppedenjoyinglife.Istartedtowriteandhavebeenonthebest­sellerslistforthelasttwomonths.Thingshavedefinitelyturnedaround.Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare“changeandchance”．这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己鼓起志气辞掉了律师的工作，投身于自己喜爱的写作事业中来，并在该领域收获颇丰，作者想告知我们变更带来机遇。1．Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthat________.A．theauthorisnow30yearsoldB．itisimpossiblefortheauthortobecomeawriterC．alawyercanbelikelytoearnmorethanawriterD．theauthorpreferstobealawyerratherthanawriter答案：C解析：推理推断题。由第一段“ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayalawyer.”但是我始终知道，做一名作家对我来说是不行能的，因为当律师是一个更好的经济确定。可知，律师可能比作家挣得多。故C选项正确。2．Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabouttheauthor's________.A．difficultyinsleepingatnightB．strongdesiretobecomeawriterC．wishtohaveaswiminthewatersD．terribleswimmingexperienceintheocean答案：B解析：推理推断题。由其次段“Recently,Icouldn'tfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10pmandwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain....allIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,‘Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew！’”，最近，我在晚上10点的时候无法入睡，当我睡着的时候，我一遍又一遍地做着同样的梦。……我看到的只是我自己在一个光明的白色房间里写小说。然后我听到一个声音重复地说：“现在是尝试新东西的时候了！”可知，其次段主要讲解并描述作者成为作家的剧烈愿望。故B选项正确。3．Theunderlinedpartinthe3rdparagraphprobablymeanstheauthor________.A．regrettedhavingquittedhisjobasalawyerB．wasunhappyaftergivinguphisjobasalawyerC．wasupsetbecausehehadtogiveuphisjobasalawyerD．wasprettyhappywhenhequittedhisjobasalawyer答案：B解析：词义揣测题。由倒数其次段“Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaven'tstoppedenjoyinglife.”我的生活从30岁起先，从那以后，我每天都在享受生活。可知，当他辞去律师的工作时，他特别兴奋。故D选项正确。4．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．LawyerorWriter B．ChangeandChanceC．ChangeandRegret D．RiskorOpportunity答案：B解析：标题归纳题。由末段“Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare‘changeandchance’．”变更是一件好事；它给了我们一个机会去抓住机遇。所以我最喜爱的两个词就是“变更和机遇”可知，文章最好的标题是“变更和机遇”。故B选项正确。D(2024·中原名校第三次质检)DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9,500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill，at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheirskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas”saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium.“Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound.”Itis“overwhelminglyprobable”thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad“thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem”，saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美洲最早的家犬。1．HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas?A．About9,500years. B．About10,100years.C．10,190years. D．18,500years.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10190年。故选C。2．Theunderlinedword“butchered”inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby________.A．killed B．boughtC．trained D．raised答案：A解析：词义揣测题。依据第四段中“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheirskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”探讨小组得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没有被宰杀作为食物。他们也被细致地安葬了，证据表明他们是被主子重视的。关键词buried，可知画线词的意思是“杀死”，故选A。3．WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Undoubted. B．Unsure.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据第五段中“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，对到达美洲的驯服的狗看法是不确定。故选B。4．Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A．TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.B．ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C．HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.D．WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。依据第一段第一及其次段中的第一句可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选A。E(2024·河南省郑州市中学毕业年级第一次质量预料)WhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,andourtelevisiononlygotonechannelclearly.Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefields,hillsandwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundwhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.Icanrememberoncehikingtonearbylakeandwalkingslowlyaroundit.AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.Iwassuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyears“turnaroundandheadbackhome”，butIwasstubbornandwalkedon.TherewasstillneitheracarnorahouseinsightInoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscaredIdidn'twanttoenduptrappedonthisroad,andIwasworriedthatitwouldbedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.Icontinuedtowalkonwithsomethinggrowinginsideofme.Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIsawsomethinginthedistance.ItwasahousethatIrecognized.Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Itwasstilloveramileaway,butmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomyhouseinnotime.Iwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight'ssleep.Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove!Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway!Andmayyourroadsalwaysleadyouhomeagain!全部的路都是回家的路。全部的路不管怎样迂回曲折，最终都会引导着我们回家，有的是回到我们物质层面的家，有的是回到我们心灵的家园。1．Whydidtheauthorhardlyfeelboredwhenhewasyoung?A．HecouldwatchTVallday.B．Hecouldhavefuninnature.C．Hehadmanyfriendstoplaywith.D．Heusedtoexploretheolddirtroad.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据第一段其次、三句“Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefields,hillsandwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundwhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.”可知，小时候作者从大自然中找寻欢乐，所以从来不感到无聊。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A．Doubt. B．Hope.C．Fear. D．Courage.答案：C解析：词义揣测题。依据第三段其次、三句“Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIsawsomethinginthedistance.”可知，作者内心慢慢地恐惊起来。推知，画线词的意思是“胆怯 ，恐惊”，故选C。3．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasexploringthedirtroad?A．Hewascontradictoryinmind.B．Hewasunconsciousofdangerahead.C．Hewasworriedtobetrappedinthewoods.D．Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhisparents.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据第一段最终两句“AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.”可知，探究这条泥土路好像是一种冒险，所以他心里是冲突的。依据句意可知选A。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．EveryEffortIsWorthwhileB．AllRoadsLeadtoHomeC．BeDeterminedinYourLifeD．BeBravetoAdventure答案：B解析：主旨大意题。依据最终一段中“Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.”全部的路不管怎样迂回曲折，最终都会引导着我们回家，有的是回到我们物质层面的家，有的是回到我们心灵的家园。可知，全部的路都通向家。故选B。F(2024·江淮十校高三其次次联考)Humanshaveuniquelyexpressivefaces.Welaugh,wecry,weturnredwithfeeling.Now,scientistsreportthatblue­and­yellowmacaws(金刚鹦鹉)mayjoinusinthisclubofemotions—atleast，whenitcomestoblushing.Parrotsareknownforbeingcleverandchatty.They'reevenskilledenoughtomaketheirowntoolsandoccasionallynosetheirwayintohumanmachineslikecars.Theircuriosityandcouragearewhatmakethemexcellentpets.Soit'snosurprisethattheyhavetheirownrangeofcommunicationtools.Onthewhole,birdsarenostrangerstoblushing.Manydifferentkindsofbirdshavebeenknowntoexhibitthisbehavior.Parrotownersoftennoticeitintheirpets.Themotivationsbehinditarestillamysterytoscientists,though.Tozeroinonwhymacawfacesblush，somescientistsledbyAlineBertinoftheUniversityofToursstudiedfivecaptiveblue­and­yellowmacawsastheyinteractedwitheachotherandtheirhumancaretakers.Theywereamazedtoseethathumanattentionseemedtomakethemacawsblush.Theblushingdieddownwhenthecaretakersignoredtheparrots.Facialexpressionscanbesignsofahuman'semotionalstate.Likewise,birdblushingcouldconveywell­being.It'snotquiteaso