武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷24

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷24

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Whenyou'redrivingonamotorway,youmustobeythesignstellingyoutogetinto

theright.

A^way

B>track

C、road

D、lane

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对词义的辨析。从词义上看，lane表示“车道，航线，小

路”，符合句意，如：buslane（公共汽车专用车道）。此外，其余各项的意思分别

为：”路，路线，路途”；“轨迹，车辙,航迹”;“路，道路，公路，大道”。

2、Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramoment

whensomedistantmountainisnot.

A、onview

B、ataglance

C^onthescene

D^insight

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据句意可判断出答案为D。insight表示“可见，看得见，在望，不

远”,如：Peacewasinsight.（和平在望。）其余三个词组的意思分别为:“展览着，

上映着“，“看一眼，马上''和”出现，登场

3、Itwastheirdecisiontoleavetheircountry,andasaresult,theylosttheir

citizenship.

A、compulsory

B、deliberate

C^carefree

D、modest

标准答案：B

知识点解析：木题空格处是说离开他们的国家是他们深思熟虑的决定。B项

deliberate”深思熟虑的”符合题意，如：takingdeliberateaction（采取谨慎的行动）。其

他三项compulsory”义务的"，carefree“欠考虑的"，modest“谦虚的”都不正确。

4、Shegotveryangryandherclothesaboutintheroom.

A、flung

B>flew

C^clamped

D^clashed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：flung是fling的过去式，抛，掷，扔：flew是fly的过去式，飞翔，

飘扬;clamped夹住,夹紧；clashed猛撞,冲击。

5、OutsidershavethesuccessofEasternAsia'seconomicswithadmiration,

wondermentandsometimeshostility.

A、gazed

B>glanced

C^contemplated

D、peered

标准答案：c

知识点。析：空格意思是：局外人带着钦佩、惊叹，有时甚至是敌意来预测东亚经

济的成功。gazed”盯，凝视"；glanced”扫视，匆匆一看“；contemplated”凝视，沉

思，预期“；peered”凝视,窥视”。

6、Inordertoraisemoney,AuntNicolahadtowithsomeofhermosttreasured

possessions.

A、divide

separate

C、part

D、abandon

标准答案：C

知识点解析：A、B、D均为及物动词，后不跟介词。partwith除表示“跟……分手”

外，还指“放弃，丧失，卖掉，辞退”等意。

7、Withitsmaverickapproachtothesubject,ShereHite'sbookhasbeenmorewidely

debatedthanmost.Theirediathroughoutthecountryhavebroughttheauthor's

opinionstothepublic'sattention.

A、controversial

B、authoritative

C^popular

D、conclusive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：（controversial引起争议的）。句意为：由于探讨这一论题的方法与众

不同，因此，希尔海特的书比大多数书籍更容易引起广泛的争议。该国的媒体已

号召大众关注作者容易引起争议的一些观点。B.authoritalive有权威的；

C.popular流行的;D.conclusive结论性的。

8、Ifyouplanttwoappletreesinonesquareyardofland,andthetrees'productivity

decline.

A、isboundto

isdeterminedto

C、isunlikelyto

D、isrelatedto

标准答案：A

知识点解析：beboundto一定会；bedeterminedto下定决心做某事；beunlikelyto

不大可能,与句子意思不符;berelatedto与...相关。

9、Thetroubleseemstobethatincometaxisprogressive,sothatthericheryouget,the

lessrichyouarethan.

A、whatyouthinkyououghttobe

whatyouthoughtyououghttobe

C、whatyouthoughtyoushouldbe

D、youthinkyououghttobe

标准答案：B

知识点解析：what既引出than后的比较对象，乂在从句中充当be的表语，thought

表明纳税人原本认为(过去认为)。

10、(Alargecollection)ofcontemporaryphotographs.(including)sometakenhyMary

(are)ondisplay(at)themuseum.

A、Alargecollection

including

C、are

D、at

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Pupilsoftenwanttositnexttotheirparticularfriendandmanyclassroomactivities

involvemovingabout,butevenrelativelysmallalterationscanmaketothevisual

comfortofpupilswithsightdefects.

A、adifference

B、aninterference

C、amodification

D^animpact

标准答案：A

知识点解析：句子意思为：学生们都喜欢和他们自己的朋友坐在一起，而很多课堂

活动都会牵涉到座位的移动，即使较小的移动也会给视力有缺陷的学生带来

o根据句子意思，应当用makeadifference,这是一种固定用法，意思为

“有些影响，有关系”，在原句中指“带来不便相关词组还有makesome

difference(有区别)，makenodifference(没有区另ij)。

12、WithoutBob'stestimony,evidenceofbriberyislackingandinthecasewill

beimpossible.

A、verdict

sentence

C、conviction

D、acquittal

标准答案：C

知识点解析：conviction判有罪，定罪；verdict一般指陪审团的裁决或截断当事人

是否有罪；senlence宣判，判决，发生在认定有罪之后；acquillal宣判无罪。

13、Therulesstatedthatanyonewhohadheldofficeforthreeyearswasnotfor

reelection.

A、admirable

B、eligible

C、reliable

D、capable

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、Whensolidchangestoliquid,itheatfromallsubstancesnearitandthis

reducesthetemperaturesurroundingit.

A^takesin

B、takeson

C、takesoff

D^takesdown

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“固体变成液体时，它要从附近的物质中吸收热量，这将降

低周围的环境温度”。takein接受，吸收；takeon披上,雇用，呈现，流行；take

off拿掉，脱衣，起飞；takedown记下，拆卸，病倒。因此正确答案为A。

15、Intheserviceofknowledge,scientistsalsotrainthemostskilledcomponentofthe

workforcetotheemployers.

A^innocases

B、inacase

C、atnocost

D、atacost

标准答案：C

知识点。析：依据句义有否定的意思；另外是“不惜任何代价''之意，不指“无论任

何情况下

16、Thereisadirectflightat3:00oraflightat7:30inthemorningthatinLos

Angeles.

A、stopsby

B、stopsin

C、stopsover

D、stopsup

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、AMonitor/TIPPpolllastmonthfoundthatyoungpeopleandseniorsheldsimilar

viewswhenaskedtotheimportanceofUSmilitaryactiontoremoveSaddam

Husseinfrompowerinthenextmonths.

A、advocate

foresee

C>supervise

D、gauge

标准答案：D

知识点解析：gauge评价；advocate提倡，鼓吹：foresee预见，预知：supervise监

督，管理。

18、Giorgio,nowfifteen,andLucia,alsoinherteens,werereachingtheoftheir

adolescence.

A^crisis

B、criterion

C^causality

D、credibility

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说到了他们的青春转折期。A项crisis”决定性时刻，危

机''符合题意。其他三项criterion”（批评判断的）标准，准据，规范"；causality"因果

关系"；credibility“可信性”都不正确。

19>Thejunglesofthesub-Sahara,afflictedwithtse-tseandmosquitos,isanunhealthy

area.

A>requiringinouulalioiiagainst

B、healedby

C、floodedby

D、plaguedby

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20IfthenationalpastimecouldbeintegratedJtseemedonlyamatteroftimebeforethe

nation'sschools,playgrounds,buses,andrestaurantscouldalsobeintegrated.

A、recreation

B、discipline

C、tuition

D、regulation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这句话的意思是：如果把一整合在一起，那么也许学校，操场，公

共汽车以及餐厅的整合只是时间的问题。可以看出，划线部分的词语应与后面的学

校等公共设施是并列的关系。在给出的选项中，recreation“消遣，娱乐活动”；

discipline”纪律，训练，学科"；tuilion"学费"；regulation”法规，规章”。只有A项

符合题意。正确答案为A。

21、Kaganmaintainsthataninfant'sreactionstoitsfirststressfulexperiencesarepartof

anaturalprocessofdevelopment,notharbingersofchildhoodunhappinessorsignsof

adolescentanxiety.

A^prophetic

B、normal

C、monotonous

D^virtual

标准答案：A

知识点解析：（prophetic预言性的，预示的）。句意为：卡根坚决认为，婴儿对最初

的紧张的经历的反应是很自然的发育阶段，而并非预示着儿童时代的不幸，也不预

示着青春期的忧虑。B.noimal正常的；C.monotonous单调的；D.virtual虚拟

的。

22、Ifyoutakea(n)courselikeheryoucanlearnEnglishinlessthantwoyears.

A、intensive

extensive

C^expansive

D、retentive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题前半句是说如果你像她一样选修强化训练课。A项“intensive力口

强的，密集的“符合题意。如：Intensivecareinhospitalsisgiventotheseriously

ill.(在医院里危重病人得到悉心护理/加强护理。)其他三项“extensive广泛的；

expansive广阔的,豪华的；retentive有保持力的”都不正确。

23、"Youareveryselfish.It'shightimeyouthatyouarcnotthemostimportant

personintheworld,'1Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.

A、realize

B、haverealized

C、realized

D、shouldrealize

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Ilishigh(dbuul)linic...后面的从句中要求用过去式表示虚拟语气。

24、Becauseofdifficultiesingettingavisa,thestudentshadtotheideaof

applyingforstudyintheUnitedStates.

A^reduce

B>yield

C、relinquish

D^waver

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkablyreportwithinafewhundred

wordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

A^concise

precise

C^brisk

D、elaborate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：(concise简洁的，简明的)。句意为:新来的秘书写了一份相当简明的

报告，只有几百个词，但所有的重要细节都包括进去了。B.precise精确的，明确

的：C.brisk活泼的，活跃的;D.elaborate精心制作的，复杂的。

26、Hesaidhewasaninsurancesalesman,butlateronshediscoveredhewasa(n)

A、alien

counterpart

C、client

D、fraud

标准答案：D

知识点解析：(fraud骗子)。句意为；他说他是卖保险的，但后来她发现他是个骗

子。A.alien外侨，外星人；B.counlerpart(职位、性格等方面)相对应的人；

C.client委托人，顾客,

27、Noneoftheseisanendinitself.Theyaretentative,experimental.Theyare

movementsnottowardssomethingdefinitebutawayfromsomethingdefinite.

A、assurance

B、expedients

C、awareness

D、doubts

标准答案：B

知识点解析:B项expedients意为"权宜之计",如Hethoughtitexpedientnottotell

hiswifewherehehadbeen(他认为不告诉妻子他去过哪里是适宜的)。根据空格处的

意思“这些都是权宜之计，根本不是最终目标“，故选B。A项assurance“确信，断

言，保证，担保“；C项awai5ss”知道，哓得“；D项duubls"怀疑，疑惑，疑

问”，均不符合题意。

28、FossilsofA(plant)thathaveB(bccnextinct)forC(fiftymillionyears)havebeen

foundinlargedepositsofamberD(near)theBalticSea.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：与后面的havebeenexlinct相搭配，此处的plant应是复数。

29、Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywasfacehisparents.

A、tooashamedto

B、tooembarrassingto

C、veryashamedof

D、veryembarrassingto

标准答案：A

知识点解析：各选项的意思是：ashamed惭愧的，羞愧的，常用来修饰人。be

ashamedto(tell)不好意思(说)。embarrassing令人为难的，常用来修饰物。

embarrassingqueslions窘人的发问。根据句意可知，应选择A。

30、Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas.

A、draining

B、dropping

C、spilling

D、dripping

标准答案：D

知识点解析，此题考查的是词义的辨析v四个选项中，drain意为“排水，流干二

drop意为“落下"；spill意为“溢出，溅出“；drip作为名词时意为“水滴”,用作动词

时意为“使滴下本题的句意是，“浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡因

此D项正确。

二、阅读理解(本题共“7题，每题1.0分，共“7

分。)

CalledbymanycriticsthegreatestachievementofEnglishlyricalpoetry,thiselegywas

writtenuponthedeathofafellowalumnusofMilton's,EdwardKing,whowasdrowned

intheIrishSeain1637.AgroupofKing'sformerschoolmatesatCambridgeissueda

commemorativevolumetitledObsequiestotheMemoryofMr.EdwardKing(1638).It

wasinthislimitedpublicationthatLycidasfirstappeared.Heretofore,ofhisgreatpoems

onlyComushadbeenpublished,andthatanonymously.Lycidasisnotanexpressionof

personalgrief(personalgriefwastobeeloquentinMilton'snextimportantpoem,the

LatinEpitaphiumDamonis),butratherarecordofthethoughtsthatKing'sdeathevoked

inthepoet.KinghadwrittenverseshimselfandhadpreparedhimselffortheChurch.

Thesetwofactsofthedeadman'scareerformthebasisforwhatMiltonhadtosay.

Outwardlythepoemiswritteninthetraditionofpastoralpoetry,andmoreparticularlyin

thetraditionofthepastoralelegyasexhibitedintheancientGreekLamentforBionby

Moschus.Thepoetisspokenofasashepherd.ButMiltonintroducestheinnovationof

identifyingtheChristianideaofshepherd(pastor)asmeaningpriest.Inawonderful

fusionofpaganandChristiantradition,Miltonmakeshiselegytheoccasionfora

scathingattackonthecorruptionsoftheclergyinhistime,withparentheticalthrustsof

scornathistrivialcontemporaries,theCavalierpoets.SamuelJohnson,whodislikedall

pastoralpoetry,madetheoneoutstandinglyfoolishjudgmentofhiscareer,indismissing

Lycidasasaworkofan.Hesaidits"dictionisharsh,therhymesuncertain,andthe

numbersunpleasing,"—atestimonyofthefactthatJohnsonwasdeaftotherefinements

ofEnglishpoetryatitssubtlest,forLycidasisanexquisitepieceofmusicfromthefirst

linethroughthelast.Moreover,Johnsonwasupsetattheminglingof"triflingfictions”

with"themostawfulandsacredtruths,suchasoughtnevertobepollutedwithsuch

irreverentcombinations.1'ThatpronouncementcanonlymeanthatJohnsonfailedto

graspthenobleideaatthecenterofthepoem:Milton'sdefinitionofthehighfunctionof

apoet.

31、SamuelJohnsondislikedLycidasbecause.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：塞缪尔・约翰逊厌恶《列西达斯》因为它是一首田园诗。根据第三段

第一句，塞缪尔・约翰逊厌恶所有的田园诗，他就弥尔顿的生涯作出了十分愚蠢的

判断，拒绝把《列西达斯》看作是一件艺术品。

32、Lycidasfirstappeared.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：《列西达斯》首次发表在一系列纪念性的评论文之中。根据第一段的

第二句和第三句，爱德华•金昔日在剑桥的一些同学发行了一本名为《为纪念爱德

华・金先生而举行的葬礼》的纪念性书籍。《列西达斯》首次刊登在这个容量有限

的出版物当中。

33、LycidasdifferedfromComusinthatit.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：《列西达斯》不同于《科马斯》，因为它被署名。根据第一段最后一

句，到目前为止，在弥尔顿所有的杰出诗歌中，惟独《科马斯》以匿名的方式发

表。

34、Lycidasiscalledanelegybecauseit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：《列西达斯》被称为挽歌，因为它歌颂死者的名声。作者在第二段

说，从外表上看，这首诗是按照田园诗的传统写成的，而更为特别的是，它是以田

园挽歌的传统写成的，田园挽歌的传统在莫斯查斯用古希腊语所写的《悼念拜昂》

(LamentforBion)中有所体现。lament有“悼念”的意思，因此可以测猜elegy意为

“挽歌”，是为了歌颂死者的名声而写的诗歌。所以，D(praisesthememoryofa

deceasedperson)0

35、Accordingtothispassage,Miltonbelievedthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据这篇短文，弥尔顿认为，十七世纪的牧师贪污腐化。弥尔顿巧妙

地将非基督教和基督教的传统融合在一起，使他的挽歌有机会严厉抨击他那个时代

牧师的贪污腐化，顺便讥刺与他同时代的一些浅薄的人——骑士派诗人。

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheBibleistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth."That

is,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainstsociety.Tomake

repaymentforthisoffense,societymustgetequallybalanced,whichcanbedoneonlyby

imposinganequalinjuryuponhim.Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishmentjusticeis

reflectedinmanypartsofthelegalcodesandproceduresofmoderntimes,whichis

illustratedwhenwcdemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.

ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel,who

believedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequalto

thecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminalhadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfand

itisnecessarytodosomethingthatwilleliminatethisdenialandrestoretheselfthathas

beendenied.TothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphislifewillpayhisdebtThe

demandforthedeathpenaltyisarightthestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdeny

himwhathedeserves.Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplacedeserved-punishmentjustice

withthenotionofcorrectivejustice.Ihcaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptof

equalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaof

equalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatisinhim.Thisdoesnotmean

thatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersofcrime.

Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.Therefore,

hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunitytomakehiswayinthe

societyofwhichheisapart.

36、AccordingtotheBible,theconceptofequalityinjusticemeans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、Theresultofdeserved-punishmentjusticeis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Inthesentence:"societyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishment

equaltothecrimehehadcommitted"theunderlinedpartcanbeinterpretedas:society

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、Themaindifferencebetweendeserved-punishmentandcorrectivejusticeis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

40Comparedwiththeoldjusticeconcept,modernlawasshowninthispassageis

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

ThemilitaryaspectoftheUnitedStatesCivilWarhasalwaysattractedthemostattention

fromscholars.Theroarofgunfire,themassedmovementsofuniformedmen,theshrillof

bugles,andthedramaofhand-to-handcombathavefascinatedstudentsofwarfarefora

century.Behindthelines,however,lifewaslessspectacular.Itwasthestoryofback-

breakinglabortoprovidethefightingmenwithfoodandarms,ofnerve-tingling

uncertaintyaboutthecourseofnationalevents,ofheanbreakoversonsorbrothersor

husbandslostinbattle.Ifthemenonthefiringlinewonthevictories,themeanstothose

victorieswereforgedonthehomefront.Neverinthenation'shistoryhidAmericans

workedharderforvictorythanintheCivilWar.NorthernersandSouthernersalikethrew

themselvesintothetaskcfsupplyingtheirrespectivearmies.Bothgovernmentsmade

tremendousdemandsuponciviliansand,ingeneral,receivedwillingcooperation.By

1863theNorthernwareconomywasrumblingalonginhighgear.Everythingfrom

steamboatstoshovelswasneededandproduced.DeniedSoutherncotton,textilemills

turnedtowoolforblanketsanduniforms.Hidesbythehundredsofthousandswere

turnedintowoolforblanketsanduniforms.Hidesbythehundredsofthousandswere

turnedintoshoesandharnessanddaddies;ironworksmanufacturedlocomotives,

ordnance,armorplate.Whileprivateenterpriselagged,thegovernmentsetupitsown

factoriesorarsenals.Agricultureboomed,withmachinerydoingthejoboffarmworkers

drawnintothearmy.Inshort,everythingthatanationneededtofightamodernwarwas

producedinuncountednumbers.Inevitablytherewereprofiteerswithgold-headedcanes

andflamboyantdiamondstickpins,butforeverycrookedtycoontherewerethousandsof

ordinarycitizenslivingonfixedincomeswhodidtheirbesttocopewithrisingpricesand

stillmadeacontributiontothewareffort.Thosewhocouldboughtwarbonds;others

knitted,sewed,nursed,orlentanyotherassistanceintheirpower.

41、Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbythewriterofthispassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、Theword"tycoon"inthelastparagraphis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、Accordingtothepassage,duringtheCivilWartheSouthnolongerprovidedthe

Northwith

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Theriseof"temp"workhasfurthermagnifiedthedecreasingrightsandalienationofthe

worker.ItiscommoncorporatePracticetophaseoutfull-timeemployeesandhire

temporaryworkerstotakeonmoreworkloadinlesstime.Whenfacingapressing

deadline,acorporationmaypay$15〜$20perhourfbratempworker,butthetemp

workerwillonlysee$7or$8ofthatmoney.Therestgoestotempagency,whichis

usuallyacorporatechain,suchasKellyServices,thatblatantlymakesitsprofitsoffother

people'slabor.Thisincreasesprofitsofthecorporationsbecausetheycanincreasea

workload,getridoftheemployeewhenthey'refinished,andnotworryaboutpaying

benefitsorunemploymentforthatemployee.Ihavehadtoworkwithtempsafewtimes

inmycurrentposition,andtheworkersonlywantonething--afull-timejobwith

benefits.WereallywantedtohireonetempIwasworkingwith,butwecouldnotoffer

herafull-timejobbecauseitwouldhavebeenabreachinourcontractwiththetemp

agencythatemployedher.iohireatempfull-time,wewouldhavehadtopaytheagency

overathousanddollars.Throughthispracticeandpolicy,thetempagencylocksits

temporaryworkersintoahorriblenewformofservitudefromwhichtheworkerscannot

breakfree.Furthermore,corporatepowerspushworkerstotakeonbiggerworkloads,

worklongerhours,andacceptlessbenefitsbyinstillingaparanoiaintheirworkforce.

Thecapitalistbossesassumedishonesty,disloyalty,andlazinessamongstworkers,and

theybreedasenseofguiltandfearthroughtheirassumptions.Whereguiltdoesn'tseep

in,bitterness,anger,anddepressiontakeover,thehighestprioritiesofBigBusinessarc

toincreaseprofitsandlimitliabilities.Personalrelationsandhumanneedsarelaston

theirlistofpriorities.Sowhatweseeisahugemassofpeoplewhoarealienated,

distempered,over-worked,mentallyandphysicallyiiiandwhospendthevastmajority

oftheirtimeandenergyontheirbasicsurvival.Theyaredeniedachancetoreally"love",

becausetheyareforcedtomakeprofitsforthecapitalistsinpower.

45WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbelistedasareasonfbrcorporations,hiringtern

poraryworkersandphasingoutfull-timeemployees?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第一段第二句提到公司想让临时雇员在更少的时间内从事更

多的劳动，A符合题意,第一段第五句说明这样可以增加公司的盈利。因为他们可

以增加雇员的劳动量，在雇员完成工作后解雇他们而不必担心要为失业的雇员付

钱，C符合题意。第一段倒数第一句说要雇一个全职的临时工，我们得向公司的机

构支付一千多美元的费用，D符合题意。B所说内容在文章中没有提到，所以B为

正确答案。

46、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichstatementistrue?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。第一段全段意思可归纳为：临时工很难作为全职工人被雇

佣。A、B、C均不对。

47、Themainpurposeofthelastparagraphisto.

标准答案：c

知识点葡析•：推理题。艰据第二段全段内容可得出结论，第二段的主要目的是激起

读者对资本家的仇恨。A、B、D都只是说出了部分内容，不能代表整段意思。

48、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthetempworkerscarbedescribedas.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。纵观全文，可以看出作者对临时雇员的态度是同情。

amicable“友好的"；depressed"沮丧的”;hostile”敌对的”,均不符合题意。

49>Theword"liabilities"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；词汇题。本题问“liabilities”在最后一段中的意思和下列哪一个最接

近?A在雇请临时工时所承担的风险；B对工人所负有的义务；C由临时雇员分担

的责任；D给予临时雇员的关怀。根据上下文可以看出“liabilities”指的是D。

Warhasescapedthebattlefieldandnowcan,withmodernguidancesystemsonmissiles,

touchvirtuallyeverysquareyardoftheearth'ssurface.Warhasalsolostmostofits

utilityinachievingthetraditionalgoalsofconflict.Controlofterritorycarrieswithiithe

obligationtoprovidesubjectpeoplescertainadministrative,health,education,andother

socialservices.Suchobligationsfaroutweighthebenefitsofcontrol.Iftheruled

populationisethnicallyorraciallydifferentfromtherulers,tensionsandchronicunrest

oftenexistwhichfurtherreducethebenefitsandincreasethecostsofdomination.Large

populationsnolongernecessarilyenhancestatepowerand,intheabsenceofhighlevels

ofeconomicdevelopmentcanimposesevereburdensonfoodsupply,jobs,andthebroad

rangeofservicesexpectedofmoderngovernments.Thenoneconomicsecurityreasons

forthecontrolofterritoryhavebeenprogressivelyunderminedbytheadvancesof

moderntechnology.Thebenefitsofforcinganothernationtosurrenderitswealthare

vastlyoutweighedbythebenefitsofpersuadingthatnationtoproduceandexchange

goodsandservices.Inbrief,imperialismnolongerpays.Makingwarhasbeenoneofthe

mostpersistentofhumanactivitiesinthe80centuriessincemenandwomensettledin

citiesandtherebybecame"civilized",butthemodernizationofthepast80yearshas

fundamentallychangedtheroleandfunctionofwar.Inpremodernizedsocieties,

successfulwarfarebroughtsignificantmaterialrewards,themostobviousofwhichwere

thestoredwealthofthedefeated.Equallyimportantwashumanlabor—controlover

peopleasslavesorleviesforthevictor'sarmy,andtherewastheproductivecapacity-

agriculturallandsandmines.Successfulwarfarealsoproducedpsychicbenefits.The

removalordestructionofathreatbroughtasenseofsecurity,andpowergainedover

otherscreatedprideandnationalself-esteem.Warwasacceptedinthepremodernized

societyasapartofthehumancondition,amechanismofchange,andanunavoidable,

evennoble,aspectoflife.Theexcitementanddramaofwarmadeitavitalpartof

literatureandlegends.

50、Accordingtothepassage,leadersofpremodernizedsocietyconsideredwartobe

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据短文，现代化之前的社会的领导人认为战争是国家政策的有效工

具。答案的依据是最后一段。

51、Theauthormostlikelyplacestheword"civilized''inquotationmarks(inparagraph

2)inorderto.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在第二段给civilized这个词加引号很可能是对战争应成为文明的

组成部分这种观点进行讽刺。本文作者在讨论战争——一种似乎不文明的活动。然

而作者争辩说，战争至少在现代化之前的时代是某些经济和社会力量的必然结果。

用civilized(文明的，开化的)这个词具有讽刺意味。

52、Theauthormentionsallofthelollowingaspossiblereasonsforgoingtowarina

premodernizedsocietyEXCEPT.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：在第三段作者提到了A、C和D,唯独没有提到B。

53、Thetoneofthepassagecouldbestbedescribedas.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者对战争的论述精确而又客观，因此应选

Thenexttimethemenweretakenupontothedeck,Kuntamadeapointoflookingatthe

manbehindhiminline,theonewholaybesidehimtotheleftwhentheywerebelow.He

wasaSerertribesmanmucholderthanKunta,andhisbody,frontandback,wascreased

withwhipcuts,someofthemsodeepandfesteringthatKunta,feltbadlyforhaving

wishedsometimesthathemightstrikethemaninthedarknessformoaningsesteadilyin

hispain.StaringbackatKunta,theSerer'sdarkeyeswerefulloffuryanddefiance.A

whiplashedoutevenastheystoodlookingateachother-thistimeatKunta,spurring

himtomoveahead.Tryingtorollaway,Kuntawaskickedheavilyinhisribs.But

somehowheandthegaspingWolofmanagedtostaggerbackupamongtheothermen

fromtheirshelfwhowereshamblingtowardtheirdousingwithbuckedofseawater.A

momentlater,thestingingsaltinessofitwasburninginKunta'swounds,andhisscreams

joinedthoseofothersoverthesoundofthedrumandthewheezingthingthathadagain

begunmarkingtimeforthechainedmentojumpanddanceforthetoubob.Kuntaandthe

Wolofweresoweakfromtheirnewbeatingthattwicetheystumbled,butwhipblows

andkickssentthemhemhoppingclumsilyupanddownintheirchains.Sogreatwashis

furythatKuntawasbarelyawareofthewomensinging"Toubobfa!"Andwhenhehad

finallybeenchainedhackdowninhisplaceinthedarkhold,hisheartthrobbedwitha

lusttomurdertoubob.Everyfewdaystheeightnakedtoubobwouldagaincomeintothe

stinkingdarknessandscrapetheirtubsfulloftheexcrementthathadaccumulatedonthe

shelveswherethechainedmenlay.Kuntawouldliestillwithhiseyesstaringbalefullyin

hatred,followingthebobbingorangelights,listeningtothetoubobcursingand

sometimesslippingandtailingintotheslicknessunderfoot-soplentifulnow,becauseof

theincreasingloosenessofthemen'sbowels,thatthefilthhadbeguntodropoffthe

edgesoftheshelvesdownintotheaisleway.Thelasttimetheywereondeck,Kuntahad

noticedamanlimpingonabadlyinfectedleg.Thistimethemanwaskeptupondeck

whentherestweretakenbackbelow.Afewdayslater,thewomentoldtheother

prisonersintheirsingingthattheman'sleghadbeencutoffandthatoneofthewomen

hadbeenbroughttotendhim,butthatthemanhaddiedthat,fightandbeenthrownover

theside.Startingthen,whenthetoubobcametocleantheshelves,theyalsodroppedred-

hotpiecesofmetalintopailsofstrongvinegar.Thecloudsofacridsteamleftthehold

smellingbetter,butsoonitwouldagainbeoverwhelmedbythechokingstink.Itwasa

smellthatKuntafeltwouldneverleavehislungsandskin.Thesteadymurmuringthat

wentonintheholdwheneverthetoubobweregonekeptgrowinginvolumeandintensity

asthemenbegantocommunicatebetterandbetterwithoneanother.Wordsnot

understoodwerewhisperedfrommouthtoearalongthsshelvesuntilsomeonewhoknew

morethenonetonguewouldsendbacktheirmeaning.Intheprocess,allofthemenalong

eachshelflearnednewwordsintonguestheyhadnotspokenbefore.Sometimesmen

jerkedupward,bumpingtheirheads,inthedoubleexcitementofcommunicatingwith

eachotherandthefactthatitwasbeingdonewithoutthetoubeb'sknowledge.Muttering

amongthemselvesforhours,themendevelopedadeepeningsenseofintrigueandof

brotherhood.Thoughtheywereofdifferentvillagesandtribes,thefeelinggrewthatthey

werenotfromdifferentpeoplesorplaces.

54、ThelivingconditionsfortheBlacksinthesalveshipwere.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：chains,whips以及居住地点难闻的气味等等都说明他们生活在非人

的条件下。

55、Theprisonershaddifficultycommunicatingwitheachotherbecause.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：见最后一段原文：W