专题16.3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期） 带解析

2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019•江西省中考】Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue（舌头）tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?＂WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(图像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironmentWhenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?"Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.＂Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?＂It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,,muchmorethanIusuallydo.＂Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?"Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨头)asakid.＂Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?＂Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes,it’sinthemind.＂1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachthepersonsears.A.b-a-c-d B.b-d-a-c C.a-b-d-c D.b-a-d-c3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.【文章大意】文章介绍了DanielKish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。1.C【解析】段落大意题。根据Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌头)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。2.D【解析】顺序排列题。根据Imakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.hesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选D。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据MuchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagineIhaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨头)asakid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选A。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了DanielKish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选C。【点睛】短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题1段落大意题。根据Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌头)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。（二）【2019•天津市中考】Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血压).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas＂lazy＂.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep.theyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaasanexpert(专家)insleep.Hesays,＂Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.Whenyousleepless.youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldtsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard.’＂Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid.＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂5.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto.A.eathealthyfoodeverydayB.takeexcrciscasmuchaspossibleC.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessaryD.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight6.Whatdoes＂slecep-deprived＂meaninParagraph2?A.Havingagoodsleep. B.Excitedaboutsleep.C.Havinglesssleep. D.Interestedinsleep.7.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas,whatissleeplike?A.Anhour. B.Areport.C.Acreditcard. D.Apieceofpaper.8.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagragh5?A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.C.Peoplehavenocourage.D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.9.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage’?A.TheValueofSleepB.TheValueofStudyC.TheWaysofEatingLessD.TheWaysofMakingMoney【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：＂睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，＂偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂5.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。6.C【解析】词意猜测题。A.Havingagoodsleep.睡得好；B.Excitedaboutsleep.对睡眠感到兴奋。C.Havinglesssleep.睡眠不足；D.Interestedinsleep.对睡眠感兴趣。句子AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。7.C【解析】细节理解题。A.Anhour.一个小时；B.Areport.一份报告；C.Acreditcard.一张信用卡；D.Apieceofpaper.一张纸。根据Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。8.B【解析】细节理解题。句子＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。9.A【解析】推理判断题。A.TheValueofSleep睡眠的价值；B.TheValueofStudy学习的价值；C.TheWaysofEatingLess少吃的方法；D.TheWaysofMakingMoney赚钱的方式。根据Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是TheValueofSleep.故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。(2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。（三）【2019•江苏省苏州市】EverydaythereislessandlessspaceonEarthforrubbish.Yeteverydaywemakemoreandmorerubbish.Whatcanwedo?Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.RecyclinghelpsEarth.Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.Halfofeverythingthatweputintolandfillscouldberecycledinstead.Infact,mostthingsmadeofpaper,metal,glassandplasticcanberecycled.Papercanbebrokenintosmallpiecesandmadeintonewpaper.Steelandaluminumcans（金属雄）canbemelteddown（熔化）andmadeintonewcans.Thesameistrueofglassbottles.Thiscanbedoneoverandoveragain.Recyclingdoesn’ttakeasmuchenergyasmakingthesethingsthefirsttime.SowecanuselessofEarth’sfuelresources.Plasticcanbemelteddown,too.Thenitcanbeformedintoparkbenches,playgroundsandsoon.Somepeoplecallplasticthe"wood"ofthefuture.Thingsmadeofplasticwilllastabout400years-eveniftheystayoutsideintheweather.Nowoodcandothat!10.Theunderlinedword"landfills"inParagraph2probablymeans_____________.A.benchfactories B.placesforrubbishC.greenmountains D.recyclingcentres11.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenslasttothecan?A.Thecanisputintoarecyclingbin. B.Thecanismelteddownandreused.C.Asteelcangetsfilledwithcorn. D.Apersonusesthecorninthecan.12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Cansshouldbemelteddown.B.Oldnewspaperscanbereused.C.Wecanbuildbenchesthatlast400years.D.Weshouldrecycleeverythingthatwecan.【文章大意】本文关注的是地球污染问题，呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收再利用，保护地球。10.B【解析】题意：第2段下划线的单词＂landfills＂意思可能是_____________。考查词义理解。putinto投入/倾倒；根据上文Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.和下文couldberecycledinstead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，placesforrubbish符合句意，故选B。11.B【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，罐子最后发生了什么?考查细节推断。根据Steelandaluminumcanscanbemelteddownandmadeintonewcans.可知可以熔化制成新罐，故选B。12.D【解析】题意：这篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A.罐头应该熔化。B.旧报纸可以重复使用。C.我们可以建造使用400年的长椅。D.我们应该回收我们能回收的一切。根据开头Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.可知短文介绍的是垃圾的回收再利用，故选D。（四）【2019•浙江省宁波市】Bigdata(数据)isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputerBigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway,theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.13.Thisreadingisabout_____________.A.whatbigdataisandhowitisusedB.whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelikeC.whereimportantdataiscollectedandstoredD.howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies14.Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto_____________.A.helpchildreninneedB.knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospitalC.findoutwhotidesthebusortrainD.understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream15.ThemainideaofParagraph3is_____________.A.bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasonsB.wecanusebigdatainanumberofwaysC.bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasonsD.wecanusebigdatatopreventbabiesfromgettingsick16.Theoveralltone(总基调)ofthisreadingis_____________.A.sadandpersonal B.personalandscientificC.informativebutsilly D.scientificandinformative【文章大意】你了解大数据吗？大数据就是将很多信息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。13.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的开头Bigdata(数据)isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.和第二段的开头Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了＂什么是大数据＂以及＂大数据的使用＂，故A选项最符合文意，选A。14.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.可知，某公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知应选D。15.C【解析】细节理解题。根据这一段的开头Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.以及第四句话Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自举例说明。故C选项符合文意。16.D【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，整篇文章科学、客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基调是科学而又具有教育性的，故应选D。（五）【2019•四川省乐山市】Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday?Hequicklylearnedtherewasn’tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtoworkitouthimself.Throughlotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.Cressstartedtheprojectinhishometown–Burlington,Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However,itwouldsavemoney.Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreandmorerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorsheasksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws.Plasticpollutionhasbeenoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics.Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws.＂Focusing(聚焦)onstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,＂Cresssays.＂AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too.＂17.WhendidMiloCressstarttocareabouttheproblemofstraws?A.Tenyearsago. B.Intheyear2011. C.Intheyearthathewas9.18.CressstartedtheBeStrawFreeprojectinorderto_____________.A.getagoodscoreinscienceathisschoolB.encouragepeopletoreduceplasticwasteC.becomeafamouspersoninhishometown19.WhatdidCressaskarestaurantinBurlingtontodo?A.Stopofferingstrawstoitscustomers.B.Preventpeoplefromusingstrawstodrink.C.Countthenumberofstrawsituseseveryday.20.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterriblebecause_____________.A.theyarethemostseriousproblemtodayB.scientistspaylittleattentiontotheirinfluenceC.theyhelppeoplegetusedtousingsingle-useplastics21.Overtheyears,Cresshas_____________.①spreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates②askedSeattletocompletelybanplasticbags③countedtheplasticstrawsintheoceaneveryyear④spokentoteensaroundtheworldaboutplasticwasteA.①③ B.②③ C.①④【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述如今白色污染已经是最严重的问题，一个九岁的孩子创建了一个项目希望减少白色污染，并且讲述了他为减少白色污染而做的努力。17.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday可知，在他9岁时，他关心吸管问题，故选C。18.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011可知，他创办这个项目的目的是为了减少白色污染，故选B19.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder可知，他让伯灵顿的饭店不要主动向顾客提供吸管，故选A。20.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics可知，他们使人们很容易适应一次性塑料，故选C。21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates可知，他尝试着将他的项目遍及整个美国，①是他做的；根据LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws可知，西雅图成为美国第一个全面禁止使用塑料吸管的城市，②错误；根据Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear可知，科学家说每年有800万吨塑料被倒入海洋中，不是他计算的，排除③；根据Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld可知，他对全世界许多学生说关于白色污染的问题，④正确，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题是考试时经常考查的一个题型。做细节理解题时，首先要先读题干，划题干中的关键词，再根据关键词定位至文中即可找到正确答案。（六）【2019•湖南省郴州市】Intoday’sworld,almosteveryoneknowsthatairpollutionandwaterpollutionareharmfultopeople’shealth.However,notallthepeopleknowthatnoiseisalsoakindofpollution,andthatisharmfultohumanhealth,too.Peoplewhoworkandliveundernoisyconditionsusuallybecomedeaf.Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（织布）becomedeaf.Plentyofpeoplelivingnearairportsalsobecomedeaf.RecentlyitwasdiscoveredthatmanyteenagersinAmericacouldhearnobetterthan65-year-oldpersons,becausetheseyoungpeopleliketolistentopopmusicandmostofpopmusicisakindofnoise.Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.Itissaidthatacontinuousnoiseofmorethan85decibels（分贝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.InChina,thegovernmentistryingtosolvenotonlyairandwaterpollutionproblemsbutalsonoisepollutionproblems.22.Scientistsbelieve10%oftheworkers_____________arebecomingdeafbecauseoftheirnoisyworkplaces.A.inAmerica B.inChina C.inBritain23._____________willprobablybecomedeaf.A.WorkerswhoprintnewspapersB.PeoplewholivefarfromairportsC.Studentswholikelisteningtosoftmusic24.Accordingtothepassage,noisefromjetplanesormachinescan_____________.A.makepeoplesleepy B.drivepeoplemad C.causepeopletodie25.Theunderlinedword"continuous"means_____________inChinese.A.正常的 B.持续的 C.清晰的26.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.AirPollution B.WaterPollution C.NoisePollution【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染对人们身体有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过85分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于85分贝。22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.可知，科学家们认为，英国有10%的工人因为工作场所嘈杂而耳聋。故选C。23.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（织布）becomedeaf.可知，印刷报纸的工人可能变聋。故选A。24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.可知，根据通道，喷气式飞机或机器发出的噪音会使人发疯。故选B。25.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文noiseofmorethan85decibels（分贝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.可知，据说持续超过85分贝的噪音会导致耳聋。continuous的意思是＂持续＂。故选B。26.C【解析】标题判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了噪音污染的危害。故选C。（七）【2019•浙江省杭州市】SmileTrainisacharity(慈善团体)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷).Thedefecthappenswhenababy’stoplipormouthdoesn’tformproperlybeforebirth.Eatinganddrinkingisverydifficultforthesebabies.Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.Childrenwiththedefectneedallthehelp.Althoughmanysufferersareacceptedbytheirfamilies,sadly,othersarenot.Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.Thegoodnewsisthattheoperationisnotdifficult.Ittakeslessthananhourandcoststhefamilynothing.Thecharityraisesmoneyandfindstherightmedicalvolunteerstoperformtheoperations.ASmileTraindoctorfromtheUKsaid,＂Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy.EveryyearIperformhundredsofoperationsfreeofcostthroughSmileTrain.SomeofthestoriesIhaveheardarequitesurprising.Onenewbornbabygirlwasfoundabandonedonatrain.Luckilyforher,shewasfoundandadopted(收养)byapassenger.ThisladythenheardaboutSmileTrainandbroughtthebabytoourhospital.Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily.Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.＂27.SmileTrainisacharitywhich_____________.A.providesfoodandmedicalcareforpoorchildrenB.raisesmoneyforallthedoctorsworkingintheUKC.offersfreemedicalhelptochildrenwiththefacialdefect.D.giveschildrenwithoutparentsnewhopeandanewbeginning.28.Theunderlinedword＂abandoned＂inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_____________.A.givenup B.dressedup C.calledup D.broughtup29.WhatdidthedoctorfromtheUKthinkofhisvolunteerwork?A.Dangerous. B.Surprising. C.Relaxing. D.Valuable.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____________.A.childrenwiththefacialdefectarebecomingmoreashamedthanbeforeB.moredoctorsaretrainedtohelpchildrenwiththefacialdefectC.fewerbabyboyswiththefacialdefectareoperatedonthangirlsD.doctorsinSmileTrainarealwayswellpaidfordoingtheoperations【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体——微笑列车，这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始。27.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话SmileTrainisacharity(慈善团体)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷)...Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术。由此可知应选C。28.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃。givenup放弃；dressedup盛装打扮；calledup打电话；broughtup抚养，提出。根据文章的语境分析可知应选A。29.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy…Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望。由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的。Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的。故应选D。30.B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.可知，经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项＂更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们＂符合文意，故选B。（八）【2019•浙江省杭州市】Amythissomethingthatisnotcorrect,butmanypeoplebelieve.Therearealotofmythsaboutthehumanbrain.Oneofthebiggestmythsisthatweonlyuse10percentofourbrains.Thenextpartofthemythisthatifwecanlearntousetherestofourbrains,thenwe’llbemuchsmarter.Peoplesaythisallthetime,butit’sabsolutelynottrue!Thetruthisthatalthoughwedon’tknoweverythingaboutthehumanbrain,weknowthateachpartofithasanimportantfunction(功能).Modernscientiststhinkthe"10percentmyth"ridiculous(荒谬的).Theothermostpopularmythisaboutbeing"rightbrained"or"leftbrained".Accordingtothismyth,peoplewhousetherightsideoftheirbrainsaremoreartisticandcreative.Peoplewhousetheleftsideoftheirbrainsarebetteratmathandscience.Thisisaspopularasthe10percentmyth,andit’salsowrong.In2013,astudyatanAmericanuniversityexaminedtherightbrainandleftbrainmyth.Accordingtothestudy,weusebothsidesofourbrainsequally(相等地)."It’struethatweusedifferentpartsofourbrainsfordifferentthings.Weuseourleftsideforlanguagemore,andourrightsidewhenweneedtopayattention.Butthereisnoevidence(证据)thatcreativepeopleusetherightsidemoreorthatscientificpeopleusetheleftsidemore.We’vetalkedaboutmyths,solet’slookatafewinterestingfactsaboutthebrain.Firstofall,thebrainfeelsnopain.Second,about75percentofthebrainismadeofwater.It’salsothefattestorganinyourbody.Here’sanotherinterestingfactaboutthebrain.Aroundthetimeyouturn18yearsold,itstopsgrowing.31.Theunderlinedword"This"inParagraph3refersto______________.A.theleftbrainmyth B.therightbrainandleftbrainmythC.theuseofhumanbrains D.thestudyofanAmericanuniversity32.Accordingtothefactsmentionedinthepassage,_____________mayusetheleftbrainmore.A.Robert,whoislearningEnglish B.Kate,whoisdrawingpicturesC.Jenny,whoisdesigningclothes D.Jacob,whoisdoingresearch33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthehumanbrain?A.Itisgrowingalllifelong. B.Therightsideisusedmorebyartists.C.Somepartsofitarenotusedatall. D.Threequartersofitismadeofwater.34.Thepassagemainlytellsabout_____________.A.thegrowingofthebrain B.differentfunctionsofthebrainC.rightbrainandleftbrain D.myths