专题17 完形填空（科普或环境保护类或健康类）（第02期）-中考英语试题分项版解析汇编 带解析

1、【广东省梅州市2015年中考英语试题】完形填空。（本题共10分，每小题1分）阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容，从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。Theweatheriscloselyrelated(联系)toourlife.Itisallaroundusallthetime.Itisanimportantpartofourlives.Wecannotcontrolit,butitoftencontrolshowand46welive,whatwedo,whatwewearandwhatweeat.Readthispassageandlearn47abouttheweather.Whatistheweather?Theweatherisjustthestateoftheatmosphere48anytime,suchastemperature,wind,49,sun,etc.Whatmakestheweatherchange?Asweknow,noteveryplaceontheearthgetsthesameamountofsunlight.Someplacesget50sunlight,soit’swarmerinthoseplaces.However,someplacesgetlittle51nosunlightinwinter.Thenthoseplaceshavecoldertemperatures.Thesedifferencesintemperaturemaketheairandwater52aroundtheearth.Themovementhelpstotaketheheatenergyfromthesunacrosstheearth.Sothe53changes.What’sthedifferencebetweenweatherandclimate?Climateisaplace’sweatheroveralongtime.Theweatherchangesfromdaytodayand54fromhourtohour.Itcanbesunnyinthemorningandcoldandwetintheafternoon.Buttheclimatechangesvery55overlotsofyears.46.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when47.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything48.A.inB.forC.onD.at49.A.waterB.rainC.plantD.animal50.A.muchB.moreC.littleD.less51.A.andB.soC.orD.but52.A.moveB.movesC.movedD.moving53.A.sunB.earthC.weatherD.sunlight54.A.alreadyB.almostC.everD.even55.A.differentlyB.slowlyC.carefullyD.easily【答案】46.A47.C48.D49.B50.B51.C52.A53.C54.D55.B47.C考查不定代词及语境理解。句意：读这篇短文学会一些有关天气的知识。A.anything任何东西；B.nothing什么也没有；C.something一些东西；D.everything所有东西。学习“一些东西”，故选C。48.D考查介词及语境理解。句意：天气只是大气随时的状态。随时，在任何时候：atanytime。故选D。49.B考查名词及语境理解。句意：天气只是大气随时的状态，比如温度、风、太阳等等。A.water水；B.rain雨；C.plant植物；D.animal动物。与温度，风，太阳相并列的天气因素是“雨”，故选B。50.B考查形容词及语境理解。句意：有些地方得到的阳光多，因此那些地方更暖和些。A.much许多；B.more更多；C.little几乎没有；D.less更少。更暖和的地方，得到的阳光更多。故选B。51.C考查连词及语境理解。句意：然而，有些地方冬天得到很少或是得不到阳光。A.and并且，表示并列；B.so因此，表示结果；C.or或者，表示选择；D.but但是，表示转折。很少、没有两者选择，故选C。52.A考查动词及语境理解。句意：这些气温的不同使得空气和水绕着地球移动。使某人做某事：makesbdosth，用省to的不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。53.C考查名词及语境理解。句意：因此，天气变化了。本要点是解释“Whatmakestheweatherchange?”（什么使天气变化），本句是本段最后一句，作总结，可以推测出这里是填weather。故选C。54.D考查副词及语境理解。句意：天气一天天地变化甚至一小时一小时变化。A.already已经；B.almost几乎，差不多；C.ever曾经；D.even甚至，更。前句说一天天地转变；后句说一小时一小时转变，可以推测出填“甚至”，故选D。【考点定位】考查科普类短文阅读。2.【广东省汕尾市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】完型填空Theweatheriscloselyrelated(联系)toourlife.Itisallaroundusallthetime.Itisanimportantpartofourlives.Wecannotcontrolit,butitoftencontrolshowand46welive,whatwedo,whatwewearandwhatweeat.Readthispassageandlearn47abouttheweather.Whatistheweather?Theweatherisjustthestateoftheatmosphere48anytime,suchastemperature,wind,49,sun,etc.Whatmakestheweatherchange?Asweknow,noteveryplaceontheearthgetsthesameamountofsunlight.Someplacesget50sunlight.Soit’swarmerinthoseplaces.Someplacesgetlittle51nosunlightinwinter.Thenthoseplaceshavecoldertemperatures.Thesedifferencesintemperaturemaketheairandwater52aroundtheearth.Themovementhelpstotaketheheatenergyfromthesunacrosstheearth.Sothe53changes.What’sthedifferencebetweenweatherandclimate?Climateisaplace’sweatheroveralongtime.Theweatherchangesfromdaytodayand54fromhourtohour.Itcanbesunnyinthemorning,coldandwetintheafternoon.Buttheclimatechangesvery55overlotsofyears.46.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when47.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything48.A.inB.forC.onD.at49.A.waterB.rainC.plantD.animal50.A.muchB.moreC.littleD.less51.A.andB.soC.orD.but52.A.moveB.tomoveC.movingD,moved53.A.sunB.earthC.weatherD.sunlight54.A.alreadyB.almostC.everD.even55.A.differentlyB.slowlyC.carefullyD.easily【答案】46.A47.C48.D49.B50.B51.C52.A53.C54.D55B47.C考查不定代词及语境的理解。句意：读下面的文章，我们可以了解到一些有关天气的情况。A任何事；B没有事；C一些事；D一切。因为本句是肯定句，所以应该用something，故选C。48.D考查介词及语境的理解。句意：天气只是在任何时候的气氛状态。A.在……里；B.对于；C.在……上；D.atanytime在任何时候。这里是固定短语atanytime在任何时候。根据句意，故选D。49.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：例如温度，风，雨，太阳等等。A.水；B.雨；C.植物；D.动物。根据前面可知描述天气变化应该用雨水。根据句意，故选B。50.B考查副词及语境的理解。句意：一些地方有更多的阳光。A.很多修饰不可数名词或比较级；B.更多的；C.少的；D.更少的。根据Soit’swarmerinthoseplaces.可知，由于阳光多，所以更加暖和。句意，故选B。51.C考查连词及语境的理解。句意：一些地方在冬季有很少或没有阳光。A.并且表示前后是并列关系；B.因此，表示前后是因果关系；C.或者，表示前后是选择关系；D但是，表示前后是转折关系。根据nosunlightinwinter可知，或者阳光少，或者就没有阳光。前后是选择关系，故选C。52.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：不同的温度叫空气和水绕着地球转。此题考查固定短语makesbdosth叫某人做某事。结合句意，故选A。53.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：因此天气会发生变化。A.太阳；B.地球；C.天气；D.阳光。根据changes可知，这里指的是天气变化。故选C。55.B考查副词及语境的理解。句意：但是很多年来气候变化非常缓慢。A.不同地；B.慢地；C.仔细地；D.容易地。根据常识可知，天气变化很大，但是气候变化不大，故选B。【考点定位】自然现象类短文。3、【山东省烟台市2015年中考英语试题】完形填空（15分）Itisimportanttohavepositive(积极的)feelingsinourdailylife.Compared31someunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaxedarelesslikelytosufferfromcolds,32anewstudy.TheresearchersfromNewYorkUniversitysaid,“33“Itseemsthatpositivefeelingsmayreducethe34ofillness,”saidthechiefresearcherSheldonCohen.Inanearlierstudy,Cohenfoundthatpeoplewhowere35caughtcoldslessoften.Andtheyseldomtoldtheirdoctorsthattheyfelt36.Inthisstudy,Cohen’steaminterviewed193adultseverydayfortwoweeks.Inthis37,thepeopletoldresearchersabout38happyorsadfeelingsthatday.Twoweekslater,allofthemweremadetocatchcoldsbydoctors,andtheyhadtostay39inTheresults40thateachinthestudywasequal(平等的)tofallill.41peoplewhowerelivelyandrelaxedsaidtheyfelthappyduringtheresearch.Theirillnesseswerelessseriousandlastedfora42time.Cohenbelievesthat43peoplehavepositivefeelings,theirbodymayproduceakindofchemicalthathelpsto44illnesses.Soifyou45yourhealth,pleaselookonthebrightsideandmakeyourselfhappyallthetime31.A.to B.with C.in D.of32.A.asfor B.becauseof C.insteadof D.accordingto33.A.Beinghappy B.Beingcareful C.Beingangry D.Beingnervous34.A.hope B.safety C.freedom D.danger35.A.painful B.proud C.cheerful D.clever 36.A.active B.uncomfortable C.scared D.comfortable37.A.moment B.field C.period D.times38.A.themselvesB.their C.its D.theirs39.A.alone B.hardly C.lonely D.brave 40.A.expected Breminded C.agreed D.showed41.A.But B.Or C.So D.And42.A.longer B.fewer C.shorter D.more 43.A.why B.which C.whether D.when44.A.afford B.fight C.cost D.support45.A.careabout B.lookfor C.pickup D.getover【答案】31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D41.A42.C43.D44.B45.A32.D考查短语介词及语境理解。句意：根据一项新的研究。A.asfor至于，对于；B.becauseof因为，后跟短语；C.insteadof而不是，代替，后跟名词及名词性短语；D.accordingto根据，据……所说。根据一项新的研究，用accordingto。故选D。33.A考查分词短语及语境理解。句意：高兴帮助身体预防疾病。A.Beinghappy高兴；B.Beingcareful细心；C.Beingangry生气；D.Beingnervous焦虑。根据研究结果，开心放松者比不开心者少感冒，可以推测出，高兴可以帮助身体抵御病魔。故选A。34.D考查名词及语境理解。句意：好像积极的情绪可以减少疾病：A.hope希望；B.safety安全；C.freedom自由；D.danger危险。根据短文大意，可以推测出，情绪好，不易生病，可以减少生病的危险。故选D。35.C考查形容词及语境理解。句意：在一份更早的研究中，寇恩发现高兴的人更少得感冒。A.painful痛苦的；B.proud骄傲的；C.cheerful高兴的；D.clever聪明的。短文指出心情高兴的人更少生病，故选C。36.B考查形容词及语境理解。句意：而且他们很少告诉医生，他们感到不舒服。A.active活跃；B.uncomfortable不舒服；C.scared害怕；D.comfortable舒服。根据语境，很少说出“消极”的词，告诉医生，可以推测出是不舒服：uncomfortable。故选B。37.C考查介词及语境理解。句意：寇恩的小组对193位成年人两周内每天采访，在这期间，人们给研究员讲述那一天他们高兴或悲伤的感受。A.moment片刻；B.field领域；C.period期间；D.times时代。在那两周里，在那个期间里，用period。故选C。38.B考查代词及语境理解。句意：在这