上海市重点名校2025届高三一诊考试英语试卷含解析

上海市重点名校2025届高三一诊考试英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Itisobvioustothestudents_____________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A．as B．thatC．which D．whether2．Thewholenationisstrugglingtoworkoutaninexpensive______effectivesolutiontosmog.A．yet B．still C．or D．though3．.Thestudyofnaturalhistoryisnotsomethingtobelefttobiologists.Infact,theircapacity_____thetimetheycanspendawayfromtheirofficesisverylimited.A．intermsof B．insearchofC．inviewof D．inspiteof4．---ShallwegoforapicnicthisSaturday？---_____________.WillnextSaturdaybeOK？A．Sure，it'suptoyou B．Sure，it'snoproblemC．Sorry，Ican'tmakeit D．Sorry，I'mnotavailabletoday5．--Can’tyoustayalittlelonger?Ireallywanttotalkmorewithyou.--Me,too.________Ihavetogethomebefore10atnight.A．But B．Since C．And D．For6．IadmiremyEnglishteacher.Icanrememberveryfewoccasions_____shestoppedworkingbecauseofillhealth.A．that B．whenC．where D．which7．Itwasinthatsmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather________hespenthischildhood.A．that;where B．which;thatC．which;which D．that;which8．I’mnotquitesurehowtogetthere,----------I’dbetter_____amap.A．watch B．lookup C．consult D．read9．---Nowadays,buyersaccustomedtopricesmovingupwardjustadoptawait-and-seeattitude.---Iftheycontinueto_____,thenourcompanyisclosingdown.A．fishintheair B．sitonthefenceC．flyoffthehandle D．beataroundthebush10．________competenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.A．Due B．RawC．Core D．Keen11．—WhorecommendedNancyforthepost?—ItwasJames______admirationforherwasobvious.A．who B．that C．whose D．whom12．---Tomhasfailedagaininthemathexam.Iamreallyletdown.---______Hehasalreadydonehisbest. A．Don’tpushhim. B．Nokidding. C．Heshouldbetoblame. D．Nowonder.13．Wecanneverexpect____bluerskyunlesswecreate____lesspollutedworld.A．a;a B．a;theC．the;a D．the;the14．—WhyaretheWoodssellingtheirbelongings?—Theytoanothercity.A．hadmoved B．havemoved C．moved D．aremoving15．Theaccidenthavebeencausedbyadogrunningacrosstheroad,butwedon’tknowforsure.A．might B．shouldC．will D．must16．asingleworldcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.A．Justas B．EventhoughC．Until D．Unless17．Hawkingbelievestheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．that B．whyC．where D．whose18．—HeissodelightedtomakefriendswithJohnson.—Oh,Isee.That’s_______theyhavemuchincommon.A．whereB．howC．whatD．because19．Nowadays,moreandmoreChinesehomeshavethetechnologyandequipment______todoonlineshopping.A．needed B．needingC．need D．toneed20．---Canyoutellusyour________forhappinessandalonglife？---Livingeverydaytothefullest，definitely.A．recipe B．effortC．content D．demand第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Whatiserosion(腐蚀)?Erosionissimplywhensoilistransportedontheearth'ssurfacefromonelocationtoanotherbyanaturalcause.Thisiseasytoimagine.Pictureasandcastleonabeach.Thissandcastleisparticularlybeautiful,theworkofawholelong,hotsummerafternoon.Ithasthreetowers,withagreatwallrunningallaround.Smallsquarehousessitinanopenareainthecenter.FromthetallesttowerfliesaPop-sicle-wrapperflagfromasmalltwigflagpole.Itsbuildersitsback,proudlyadmiringherwork.Butitislate,andthetideiscomingin,bringingthewatercloser.Finally,thecastleishitwithagiantwave.Asitpullsout,thebuilderseesthereisnothingleftbutbitsofthetowersandasmallbrokentwig.Wherehasthesandgone?Notveryfar,really.It’smovingaroundthewaterthatwillwashbackandforthacrossthebeachallday.It’sspreadaroundthebeachnexttothecastle.However,tooureyes,ithasdisappeared.Thisisalsothewaywitherosion.Partsoftheearthseemtodisappearbuthavereallyjustbeenmovedaround.Acommonexampleofwaterchangingthelandscapeissinkholes.Sinkholesareformedwhenundergroundwaterwearsawaythedirtandrockthatsurroundsit.Eventually,theholeunderneaththegroundissobig,andtheearthaboveitsothinthatthesurfacecollapsesintothehole,takingwithitanythingunluckyenoughtobeonthesurfaceatthetime.Sinkholesoccurnaturallyandhavebeenaroundaverylongtime.Today,though,manysinkholesarecausedbytheactionofhumanbeings.Infact,today,humanbeingsareoneofthethingshelpingtospeeduperosionoftheearth.Scientistsbelievethatbypumpingwaterfromunderground,movingsanddunesandothernaturally-occurringanti-erosionmeasures,humanshaveallowederosionoftheearthtospeedupbyasmuchas40times.Thismeansthatbeachesaroundtheworldaredisappearing,moresinkholesareopeningup,andfarmlandisrapidlybecomingdesert.1、What’stheauthor’spurposeofdescribingasandcastleinParagraph2?A．Toshowthedestructiveforceofnature.B．Torecallhishappychildhood.C．Tocatchthereader’sattention.D．Toexplainwhaterosionis.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhepassage?A．Thehole.B．Theground.C．Theearth.D．Thesurface.3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyouinfermayNOTbethecauseofsink-holes?A．Alotofhigh-riseshavebeenbuilt.B．Peoplepumpwaterfromunderground.C．Toomanymineshavebeenopenedup.D．Undergroundwatertakesawaydirtandrockaroundit.4、Basedonthepassage,whatismostlikelytobeoneresultoferosion?A．Desertificationwillspeedup.B．Sinkholeswillbeeverywhere.C．Manyplantspecieswilldisappear.D．Earthquakeswillhappenmoreoften.22．（8分）Attentionfromstrangersisnothingnewtome.Questionsaboutmyheightisthecenterofalmosteverypublicinteraction.Myfriendssaymyheight!sjustaphysicalqualityandnotapersonalityaspect.However,whenIreflectonmylife,Irealizethat,myheighthasshapedmycharacterinmanywaysandhashelpedtomakemewhoIam.Ilearnedhowtobekind.WhenIwasyounger,someparentsinmyneighborhoodregardedmekindofdangerousbecauseIwassomuchlargerthanotherchildrenmyage.Ihadtobeextrawelcomingandgentlesimplytoplaywithotherchildren.Ofcourse.nowmycoacheswishIweren’tquitesokindonthebasketballcourt.Ilearnedthequalityofnotbeingtooproudaboutmyself.At7feettall,everyoneexpectsmetobeanamazingbasketballplayer.TheycomeexpectingtoseeDirkNowitzki,andinsteadtheymightseeaperformancemorelikeWillFerrell(successfullystarredaprofessionalbasketballplayer).Ihavelearnedtobemodestandtoworkevenharderthanmyfellowstomeettheir(andmy)expectations.Idevelopedasenseoflightheartedness.Whenpeopleplayfullymakefunofmyheight,1laughatmyselftoo.Onmyfirstdayofhighschool,agirldroppedherbooksinabusyhallway.Igotdowntoherlevelandgatheredsomeofhernotebooks.Aswebothstoodup,hereyeswidenedasIkeptrisingoverher.Astonished,shedroppedherbooksagain.Embarrassed,webothlaughedandpickedupthebooksasecondtime.Alloftheselessonshavedefinedme.Lookingback,Irealizethatthroughyearsofsuchexperiences,Ihavebecomeaconfident,expressiveperson.Beinga7-footerisbothablessingandacurse,butintheend,acceptingwhoyouareisthefirststeptohappiness.1、Whydoestheauthoroftendrawattentionfromstrangers?A．Heisinterestedinpublicinteraction.B．Hehasauniquepersonality.C．Heisphysicallystrong.D．Heisextremelytall.2、Whenhewasyoung,theauthorintendedtobemorefriendlyjustto.A．gainextrafavorB．playwithotherchildrenC．provehiskindnessD．pleasehiscoach3、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.3that.A．DirkNowitzkiwasanawfulbasketballplayerB．theauthorseldomdisappointedhisbasketballfansC．theauthorexpectedtomakesomethingbetterofhimselfD．WillFerrellwasbetteratplayingbasketballthanDirkNowitzki4、Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Theheighthasshapedtheauthor’spersonalityandlife.B．Theheighthasbroughttheauthoralotoftrouble.C．SomefunnyexperiencestheauthoreverhadD．Beingtallbenefitstheauthorinmanyways23．（8分）Duetolightpollutionpresenteverywhere—glarefromtoomuchmisaimednightlighting—80%ofEuropeandNorthAmericanolongerexperiencesrealdarkness.Foranyonelivingnearamajormetropolis,asatelliteimageoftheMilkyWay(银河)seemsabstract；Weunderstandittobeadocumentofsomethingtrue,butourunderstandingispurelytheoretical.In1994,afterapre-dawnearthquakecutpowertomostofLosAngeles,theGriffithObservatoryreceivedphonecallsfromfrightenedlocalpeopleaskingabout“thestrangesky”.Whatthosecallerswereseeingwerestars.Darknessisacomplicatedthingtomeasure.In2001,theamateurastronomerJohnBortledesignedascaletohelp.Hisclassificationrangefrom“inner-citysky”(class9),inwhichtheonly“pleasingviewsseenthroughatelescopearethemoon,theplanets,andafewofthebrighteststarclusters(团)”,toaskysodark“theMilkyWaycastsobviousshadowsontheground”(class1).MostNorthAmericansandEuropeansliveunderclass6or7skies,inwhichtheMilkyWayisundetectable.Inthatkindofnight,apersoncanwanderoutside,unfoldagardenchair,openanewspaper,andreadtheheadlines,ifnotthestories.InadditiontotheBortlescale,scientistsoftenusephotodiodelightsensors(传感器）tomeasureandcomparebaselevelsofdarkness.Unihedron’sSkyQua1ityMeteristhemostpopularinstrumentforthiskindofwork,partlybecauseitissmallenoughtofitintoyourpocketandalsobecauseitconnectstoanonlineglobaldatabase.Accordingtothatdatabase,CherrySpringsStatePark—an82-acreparkinremoteruralPennsylvania—presentlyhastheseconddarkestscorelisted.CherrySpringsislocatedlessthan300milesinlandfromtheUSeasternseaboard,inaregion—theEastCoast—thatcontains36%ofthetotalUSpopulationandislitupeverynightlikeabackstagemakeupmirror.Whenpinpointedonasatelliteimage,CherrySpringsisinthemiddleofanuncharacteristicallydarkarea—insulated(隔离),onallsides,byhundredsofthousandsofacresofprotectedforestandsittingontopoftheAlleghenyPlateau,700metresabovesealevel.Mostofthesmalltownssurroundingtheparkaresituatedinvalleyswhereoutdoorlightisalreadyfailing.Thisunusualcombinationoffactorsexplains,toacertaindegree,howCherrySpringsbecameoneofthedarkestplacesinAmerica.1、WhatdidthephonecallstheGriffithObservatoryreceivedreveal?A．Thecallerswereingreatfearofthesevereearthquake.B．Peoplebelievedthatstarswouldbringthemmisfortune.C．Peopleneededhelpandcomfortinfaceofabigdisaster.D．Darknesshadbeenawayfromthelocalpeopleforages.2、Whichclassificationofdarknessdoesthewriterseemtolikebest?A．Class1.B．Class3.C．Class7.D．Class9.3、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A．lightfromheavenlybodiesismuchweakerB．lightpollutionexistsmainlyinurbanareasC．humaneyesightisgettingfrombadtoworseD．lightpollutionhasbudinfluenceonusanytime4、CherrySpringsisoneofthedarkestplacesinAmericapartlybecauseof________.A．itsspecificlocationB．itslimitontheuseoflightsC．itsnaturalsurroundingsD．itssmallnativepopulation24．（8分）CantrainingYourWorkingMemoryMakeYouSmarter?Wewouldallliketoincreaseourcognitive(认知的)abilitybeyondthelimitssetbyMotherNature.Soit’snowonderthatbrain-trainingprogrammes—whichtypicallyfocusontrainingourworkingmemory—areamultibillion-dollarindustry.Butcanthiskindoftrainingreallymakeussmarter?Cognitivetrainingseesthebrainasakindofmusclethatcanbemadestrongerwiththerightkindofpractice.Itconsistsoftasksorgamescarriedoutoncomputersorsmartphones.Despitemuchresearch,therehassofarbeennoagreementaboutitseffectiveness.Somethinkthatcognitivetrainingincreasesabroadrangeofcognitiveabilities,whileotherslessoptimistic.Yetwedoknowthatsomecognitiveskills,suchasworkingmemoryandintelligence,tendtogotogetherandarepredictorsofreal-lifeskillssuchasworkperformance.Thus,trainingonecognitiveskillmightleadtoanimprovementinmanyothercognitiveandnon-cognitiveskills.Thatisexactlytheunderlyinghypothesis(假设)onwhichworking-memorytrainingisbased.Totestthishypothesis,weexaminedallthestudiesaboutworking-memorytrainingwecouldfindwithnormallydevelopingchildren:26experimentsand1,601totalparticipants.Childrenrepresentanidealtestgroup:duringchildhood,skillsarestillatthebeginningoftheirdevelopment.Thus,cognitivetrainingismorelikelytosucceedwithchildrenthanadults.Theresultswereveryclear.Working-memorytrainingdidnotshowanyeffectonchildren’sfluidintelligence,aperson’sabilitytosolvenewproblemsandadapttonewsituations.Itdidn’tinfluencetheiracademicachievementorothercognitiveabilities,either.Theonlyreliableeffectwasthatchildrengotbetteratwhattheytrainedtodo.Nomore,noless.Soperformingworking-memorytasksdoesseemtomakeyoubetteratdoingthem.Nonetheless,thefactthatparticipantsgotbetteratsuchtasksdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheirworking-memoryabilityincreased.Theymayjusthavelearnthowtoperformthatparticulartypeoftask.Theresultsdoindicatethattheuseofworking-memorytrainingprogramsasaneducationaltoolisfruitless.Moregenerally,togetherwithotherresearch,theresultscontributetodisprovingcognitivetrainingcompaniespromisesofabetterbrain.Theresultshaveevenmoreimportantimplicationstheoretically.Theyquestionthehypothesisthattraininggeneralcognitivemechanismscanaffectothercognitiveorreal-lifeskills.Beyondworking-memorytraining,otherrecentstudieshaveshowntheimprovingcognitiveskillsoutsidemusic-includingacademicskills.However,thesenegativeresultsmustnotdiscourageusfromtrainingourcognitiveandnon-cognitiveskills.Wejusthavetobeawareoftheactuallimitationsofsuchpracticeinareasoutsidewhatweareactuallytraining.Butthatdoesn’tmeanweshouldn’tdoit-themostefficientwaytodevelopaskillis,afterall,totrainthatskill.1、Tofindouttheeffectofworkingmemorytraining,theauthor________.A．madesomescientificstudiesB．reviewedthepreviousresearchC．compareddifferenttestgroupsD．gotsomechildreninvolvedintheexperiment2、Childrenjoiningintheexperimentswereableto__________.A．dobetterinthefieldwheretheyaretrainedB．obtaingreateracademicachievementsC．adjusttonewsituationsquicklyD．succeedwhentheydealwithreallifeproblems3、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthecognitivetraining?A．PessimisticB．DisapprovingC．ObjectiveD．Optimistic4、Cognitivetrainingislikelyto_______accordingtothepassage.A．discoverthesecretsofhumanmindsB．makeone’sbrainstrongerbywayofpracticeC．earnagoodnameforthetrainingcompanyD．bringmuchprofittothetrainingcompanies25．（10分）Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates（灵长类）tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo（胚胎）splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus（原子核）withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA．Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn’tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers’pouringwaterontheideathattheteam’sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.1、WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?A．Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates.B．ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA．C．Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells.D．Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.2、Whatdoestheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?A．Keepingahottopicofit.B．Attachingnoimportancetoit.C．Havingalowopinionofit.D．Addingsupportiveevidencetoit.3、Whatisthescientists’purposetoclonethesemonkeys?A．Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning.B．Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation.C．Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases.D．Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.4、Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway.B．Newtechniquesseemtobepointless.C．Societywon’tagreetocloneanothermonkey.D．Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）ItwasnowonderIwasnotlookingforwardtoenteringtheninthgrade.Highschooliswellknownforbeingabattleground,whereeveryoneseemstobe1throughphysicalchangesandemotionalmoodswings(情绪波动).Forme,2wasmypunishment.Ihadalways3insecureandoutofplaceasoneofthe4membersofmyclass,standingaheadabovetheothergirlsandstandingatthe5ofthelinetoavoidsticking6.Iespeciallyhatebeingaroundlargegroupsof7,likeduringthesocialhourafterservicesatmychurch.8theprayerswerefinished,Iwould9asquicklyaspossiblesoIcould10somewell-meaningcongratulations,“Ruthie!Lookhowtallyou’regetting!”Mygrandfatherwouldwatchme11increasinglyuncomfortable,buthedidnot12atmyself-consciousness(自我意识)ortrytocomfortme,13,hewouldremindme.“Stand14andtail,”hewouldsay,asI15triedtoshrink(缩)myself.Evenatage15,Iunderstoodthathisadvicewasabout16thanjustfeetandinches.Mygrandfather17inwar-tornEurope.WhenGermansoldiers18hishometown,hejoinedthearmyto19hiscountry’sfreedom.“Standstraight,standtall,”20somethingelsebackthen.1、A．gettingB．puttingC．lookingD．going2、A．ageB．weightC．heightD．face3、A．becomeB．goneC．placedD．felt4、A．fattestB．tallestC．thinnestD．shortest5、A．headB．endC．frontD．side6、A．toB．offC．upD．out7、A．peopleB．girlsC．teachersD．students8、A．UntilB．UnlessC．OnceD．While9、A．leaveB．comeC．stopD．walk10、A．acceptB．receiveC．avoidD．refuse11、A．makeB．moveC．turnD．become12、A．lookB．stareC．smileD．laugh13、A．InsteadB．BesidesC．HoweverD．Therefore14、A．backB．straightC．upD．by15、A．satisfactorilyB．happilyC．unsuccessfullyD．unwillingly16、A．otherB．moreC．lessD．rather17、A．grewupB．workedC．diedD．travelled18、A．helpedB．developedC．occupiedD．visited19、A．lookafterB．fightforC．workwithD．staywith20、A．meantB．advisedC．carriedD．included第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）MyhometownisHangzhou,whichattractsagreatmanytouristseveryyear.Hangzhouplayedavery1．(importance)roleinChinesehistory,soithasanumberofgreatheritagesiteswellreserved.LyingonthewestdistrictofHangzhoucity,WestLake2．(be)thesymbolofHangzhouaswellasoneofthemostbeautiful3．(sight)inChina.WestLakehasallalongbeenpraisedasasparklingpearl.Ifyouwanttoenjoy4．wholeWestLake,therearethreekindsofsightyouneedtosee.Thesunnyone,therainyoneandthenightviewofit.ThereisasayingthatthesunnyWestLakeisnotequal5．therainyWestLake,andtherainyWestLakeislessbeautifulthantheWestLakeatnight.Atlastthereisalovetale,6．happenedatWestLake.Itissaidthatawhitesnakechangedintoabeautifullady,who7．(call)BaiSuzhen.ShewaswillingtorepayXuXianfor8．(save)herlife500yearsago.Thenshemarriedhim,livingtogether9．(happy).ButtheMonkFaHaikeptdoingwrongstoher.Hefinallymadethempart.BaiSuzhenwasshutintheLeifengtowerandthecouplehadnochance10．(meet)again.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearPeter,Iammorethanhappytoknowyougotafirstprizeinthespeechcontest、I’mwritingto