2023-2024学年山东省青岛市城阳区高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省青岛市城阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(15个小题，每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheBestComputerScienceCompetitionsforHighSchoolersImagineCupMicrosoftrunsthecompetition,andeachyear,studentsaroundtheworldcompeteinit.Studentsworkinteamsofuptothreememberstodesignatechsolutiontoasocialorhealthproblem.Qualification:Studentmustbe16orolder.Prizes:Eachwinningteamisawarded$100,000.FirstRoboticsCompetitionStudentsworkinteamsofatleast10alongwith2adultmentorstodesignandbuildanindustrial-sizedrobot.Theythenmustprogramtherobottocompeteinasophisticatedfieldgameatcompetitions.Annualteamregistrationfeesareusuallyabout$5,000.Qualification:HighschoolstudentsintheU.S.,Prizes:Variousscholarshipsandcashprizesfortopscorers.TechnovationChallengeItisdesignedtogetmoregirlsworldwideinterestedincodingandcomputerscience.Girlsworkinteamsof1-5andwithvolunteermentorstousetechnologytodesignanappthathelpssolverealworldproblemssuchasclimatechangeandhunger.Qualification:Mustidentifyasfemaleandbebetween10and18yearsold.Prizes:Prizesandscholarshipsupto$2,000.AmericanComputerScienceLeagueTocompete,yourschoolhastohaveregisteredandpaidtheregistrationfee.Beforethecompetition,thecoachteachescodingwithafocusonACSLexamcategories.Then,studentsworkinteamsof3or5studentstocompletefourtests.StudentscancodeinPython3,Java8,orC++asdefinedontheprogrammingplatform.Top-scoringteamsadvancetoregional,statewide,andeventuallyglobalcompetitions.Qualification:Studentswhoseschoolshaveregisteredforthecompetition.Prizes:WinnersoftheACSLAll-StarContestreceiveprizes.1.Whichcompetitionhasthelargestnumberofstudentsinateam?A.ImagineCup. B.FirstRoboticsCompetition.C.TechnovationChallenge. D.AmericanComputerScienceLeague.2.HowisTechnovationChallengedifferentfromothercompetitions?A.ItisrunbyMicrosoft. B.ItisonlyforU.S.students.C.Ithasagenderlimitation. D.Itallowsmentorstoassist.3.WhatcanstudentsdoinAmericanComputerScienceLeague?A.Registerforthecompetitionindependently.B.Havechancestotakehigher-levelcompetitions.C.Designanappusingprogrammingknowledge.D.Receivevariousscholarshipandcashprizes.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了面向高中生的四个计算机科学竞赛的相关事项。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章ImagineCup部分“Studentsworkinteamsofuptothreememberstodesignatechsolutiontoasocialorhealthproblem.(学生们以最多三人一组的方式设计解决社会或健康问题的技术解决方案)”，FirstRoboticsCompetition部分“Studentsworkinteamsofatleast10alongwith2adultmentorstodesignandbuildanindustrial-sizedrobot.(学生们与两名成年导师组成至少10人的团队，设计和建造一个工业规模的机器人)”，TechnovationChallenge部分“Girlsworkinteamsof1-5andwithvolunteermentorstousetechnologytodesignanappthathelpssolverealworldproblemssuchasclimatechangeandhunger.(女孩们以1-5人为一组，与志愿者导师一起使用技术设计一款应用程序，帮助解决气候变化和饥饿等现实世界问题)”及AmericanComputerScienceLeague部分“Then,studentsworkinteamsof3or5studentstocompletefourtests.(然后，学生们以3或5名学生为一组完成四项测试)”可知，FirstRoboticsCompetition团队中学生人数最多。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章TechnovationChallenge部分“Qualification:Mustidentifyasfemaleandbebetween10and18yearsold.(资格：必须为女性，年龄在10至18岁之间)”可知，TechnovationChallenge的参赛者有性别限制，这与其他比赛不同。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章AmericanComputerScienceLeague部分“Top-scoringteamsadvancetoregional,statewide,andeventuallyglobalcompetitions.(得分最高的球队晋级地区、全州乃至全球比赛)”可知，参加AmericanComputerScienceLeague的学生有机会参加更高级别的比赛。故选B项。BAsoneoftheOlympicathletes,Imisscountlessbirthdaypartiesandruinnumerousfamilyholidays,butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.Ithinkofalmostmissingmybrother’sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacaranddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.Fromasmallgirl,Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay;Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames;Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.Ihavealwayslivedmylifetoextremes.Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion,it’sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.Canthisbeoverdone?Absolutely.Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner’splatform,youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.InthewordsoftheBritishtriathleteAlistairBrownlee,“Evenifitmeansgettinginjured,I’dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.”Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.Itiscertainlynotabalancedwaytoliveanditiscertainlynotnormalbutthosewordsaregenerallynotusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness.4.Whatmadetheauthoralmostmissherbrother’swedding?A.Shefailedtohireacartogetthere.B.Shewasstoppedatthe“no-go”areas.C.Shewasbusywithasportstraining.D.Sheforgotabouttheexactdateofit.5.Whydoestheauthormentionherearlyexperiencesinparagraph2?A.Tolistheraccomplishments.B.Torecallhermiserablememories.C.Toexplorereasonsforhercommitmenttosports.D.Toremindkidsofthesignificanceofdetermination.6.WhatcanwelearnfromAlistairBrownlee’swords?A.Injuryisunavoidable.B.Beingaverageisacceptable.C.Winningawardstakesalongtime.D.Gettingtothetoprequiresefforts.7.Wheremightthetextbefound?A.Acelebrityblog. B.Anacademicbook.C.Atravelbrochure. D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者作为一名奥运会运动员所付出的牺牲和努力，并教导大家想要成功需要不断努力。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ithinkofalmostmissingmybrother’sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacaranddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.(我想我差点错过了我哥哥的婚礼，因为我忙着租一辆车，开车穿过“禁区”，和当地的铁人三项运动员一起组队骑行。)”可知，作者差点错过她哥哥的婚礼，是因为她正忙于体育训练。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.Fromasmallgirl,Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay;Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames;Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.(归结起来就是：我生来就有巨大的动力和决心。从一个小女孩开始，我会在午餐时间呆在家里，只是为了在课堂上取得领先，而不是出去玩；十岁的时候，我独自搭上公共汽车，在其他孩子玩台球游戏的时候，我在游泳池里游了100圈；我是250个男孩组成的橄榄球俱乐部里唯一的女孩。)”可知，作者在第二段提到她早期的经历是为了探究她投身体育运动的原因。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Evenifitmeansgettinginjured,I’dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.(即使这意味着受伤，我也宁愿有三四年的出色的胜利，而不是十年的平庸。)”可知，我们能从AlistairBrownlee的话中学到的是达到顶峰需要努力。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“AsoneoftheOlympicathletes,Imisscountlessbirthdaypartiesandruinnumerousfamilyholidays,butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.(作为一名奥运会运动员，我错过了无数的生日聚会，破坏了无数的家庭假期，但放弃这么多是有很好的理由的。)”和第二段“Itboilsdowntothis:Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.(归结起来就是：我生来就有巨大的动力和决心。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者作为一名奥运会运动员所付出的牺牲和努力，并教导大家想要成功需要不断努力，因此本文很可能是一个名人博客。故选A。CWhetherduetogenuineconcernfortheenvironmentorthewidespreadcriticismofplasticamongconsumers,manycompanieshaveinvestedheavilyinreducingtheiruseofplasticpackaging,whichmayindeedhaveapositiveenvironmentalimpact.Butanothertrendthat’sgrownoutoftheanti-plasticmovementisalotlesspositive:overpackaging.Moreandmorebrandshavebegunaddingunnecessarypaperpackagingontopofplasticpackaginginordertomaketheirproductslookmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,withoutactuallyreducingplasticwaste.Unfortunately,there’saverygoodreasoncompaniesareadoptingthisclearlyproblematicapproach.Throughaseriesofeightstudieswithmorethan4,000participants,wefoundthatconsumerswillacceptaproduct’spackagingasmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyifit’splasticwithanadditionallayerofpaperthaniftheproductisvisiblypackagedinidenticalplasticpackagingbutwithoutthepaper.Theseperceptions(认知)inturnmakeconsumersbothmorelikelytobuyaproduct,andwillingtopaymoreforit.Partofwhatmakesthisoverpackagingtrendparticularlyharmfulisthatitismuchvaluedbyconsumerswhoreportedengaginginmoreeco-friendlybehaviors.Theyweremorelikelytoviewoverpackagedproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly.Asaresult,theveryconsumerswhoaremostinterestedinpushingcompaniestomakesustainablechoicesarelikelyunintentionallyencouragingtheenvironmentallyharmfulpracticeofoverpackaging.Thegoodnewsis,overpackagingisn’ttheonlywaytosignalsustainabilityandattractsuchconsumers.Inourstudies,wefoundthatinsteadofadditionalpaperpackaging,simplyaddingaminimalpackagingstickertoplasticpackagingcouldclarifythemisperceptionthatoverpackagedproductsaremoresustainable,Especiallyforproductsforwhichplasticisnecessarytoensuresafetransportationandlengthenshelflife,thiskindofclearmessagingcanhelpreduceconsumers,discriminationagainsttheresponsibleuseofplasticpackaging.Ofcourse,minimalpackagingstickerscertainlyshouldonlybeusedifabrandhasactuallyensuredthatitisusingtheminimalpossiblepackaging,ideallyunderthesupervisionofatradeorganizationorregulatorybodythatmaintainsclear,consistentstandards.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutoverpackagingaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itcallsforlessinvestment.B.Itinvolvestheproperuseofpaper.C.Ithasapositiveenvironmentalimpact.D.Itcausesover-consumptionofmaterials.9.Whatdotheeightstudiesfindaboutconsumersaccordingtothetext?A.Theycareabouttheenvironment.B.Theyarealwaysfollowingthetrend.C.Theylikecomparingproducts’qualities.D.Theypreferbeautifully-decoratedproducts.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedofminimalpackagingstickers?A.Tohelpproductsstayfreshlonger.B.Toimprovethebrand’spopularity.C.Tocorrectconsumers’misunderstanding.D.Topresentmoreinformationaboutproducts.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Minimalpackagingstickershavebeenwidelyused.B.Advantagesofminimalpackagingstickersareoverestimated.C.Theuseofminimalpackagingstickersshouldbestrictlyregulated.D.Theuseofminimalpackagingstickersisasolutiontoover-packaging.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要讨论了反塑料运动中出现的过度包装问题。许多公司为了看起来更环保，在塑料包装外增加不必要的纸质包装，但这并没有真正减少塑料垃圾。研究发现，消费者倾向于认为添加了纸层的塑料包装更环保，并因此愿意支付更多。这种趋势对于那些通常会采取更多环保行为的消费者尤其有害，因为他们更可能被过度包装误导。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Butanothertrendthat’sgrownoutoftheanti-plasticmovementisalotlesspositive:overpackaging.Moreandmorebrandshavebegunaddingunnecessarypaperpackagingontopofplasticpackaginginordertomaketheirproductslookmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,withoutactuallyreducingplasticwaste.(但反塑料运动发展出的另一个趋势就不那么积极了：过度包装。越来越多的品牌开始在塑料包装上添加不必要的纸质包装，以使其产品看起来更加环保，而实际上并没有减少塑料垃圾。)”可知，过度包装会导致材料的过度消耗。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Throughaseriesofeightstudieswithmorethan4,000participants,wefoundthatconsumerswillacceptaproduct’spackagingasmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyifit’splasticwithanadditionallayerofpaperthaniftheproductisvisiblypackagedinidenticalplasticpackagingbutwithoutthepaper.Theseperceptions(认知)inturnmakeconsumersbothmorelikelytobuyaproduct,andwillingtopaymoreforit.(通过一系列有4，000多名参与者参与的八项研究，我们发现，与明显采用相同塑料包装但没有纸质包装的产品相比，消费者会更环保地接受带有额外纸质包装的产品包装。这些认知反过来使消费者更有可能购买产品，并愿意为此支付更多费用。)”可知，八项研究发现消费者更在乎环境。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Inourstudies,wefoundthatinsteadofadditionalpaperpackaging,simplyaddingaminimalpackagingstickertoplasticpackagingcouldclarifythemisperceptionthatoverpackagedproductsaremoresustainable,(在我们的研究中，我们发现，不需要额外的纸质包装，只需在塑料包装上贴上最小包装标签就可以消除过度包装产品更可持续的误解，)”可知，最小包装贴纸具有纠正消费者误解的功能。故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ofcourse,minimalpackagingstickerscertainlyshouldonlybeusedifabrandhasactuallyensuredthatitisusingtheminimalpossiblepackaging,ideallyunderthesupervisionofatradeorganizationorregulatorybodythatmaintainsclear,consistentstandards.(当然，只有在品牌确实确保使用尽可能少的包装的情况下，最好是在保持明确、一致标准的贸易组织或监管机构的监督下，才能使用最小包装标签。)”可知，应严格规范最小包装标签的使用。故选C项。DAtherapy(治疗)clientandIareworkingonaneatingdisorderandfinditoriginatedfromarelationshipbreak-uporperhapsbeingbulliedinmiddleschool.Suchhurtfulexperiencesledtonoteatingforacoupleofweeks.Thencomesahighpraisefromafriendthattotallybackfires.Maybeit’sanenthusiastic,“Wow,youlookgreat!’’Inaflash,thispraiseexcitesaninnerandoftenunconsciousthought:“Oh,peoplecaremoreaboutmeifIloseweight.SomanythingsfeeloutofcontrolbutIcancontrolpeople’saffectionbynoteating.”Often,verywell-intentionedindividualsofferpraiseoutofadesiretoupliftandconnect.Suchpraiseisoftentied,directlyorindirectly,toaperson’srelationshipwiththestandardsofaspecificgrouporinstitution.Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.Returningtoourexampleabove,whenyouseethatsomeonehaslostweightandyouwanttogivethemapraise,justpauseandtakeadeepbreath.Simplyask,“Howareyoudoing?”Seethemandhearthem.Appreciatethemasapersonoflimitlessvalue.Knowtheremaybemuchmoretotheirinnerworldthanmeetstheeye.Similarly,whenyouseesomeone’ssuccessinschool,appreciatethehardworktheyputintoit.Askwithgentlecuriosity,“How’sitbeenforyou?”Listenwithyourfullattentionthatinitselfcanbeararegiftintoday’shustleandbustleworld.Bymaintainingyourconcernandlisteningtothewaystheywanttobeaccompaniedandsupported—evenwhenitmightnotbeyourfirstinstinct—youcanseethemasawholeperson,withcomplexfeelings,veryhumanneeds,andinherentdignity.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfires”inparagraph1referto?A.Improvesthesituation. B.Showssincereconcern.C.Removeshurtfulfeelings. D.Producesanunexpectedresult.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Analyzingthephenomenon. B.Listinganotherexample.C.Presentingthesolution. D.Makingaproposal.14.Whydoestheauthorsuggestsimplyasking“Howareyoudoing”?A.Tostartalightconversation.B.Tofocusonone’sinnerneeds.C.Toexplorethesecretofkeepingslim.D.Toshowappreciationforone’sefforts.15.Whatmightbethetitleforthetext?A.SayNotothe“RightorWrong”GameB.WhyWeNeedtoMakePraisestoOthers.C.FollowMeandBeaQualifiedTherapistD.HowInnocentWordscanBeHarmful【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们常常出于好意而赞美他人，但这种赞美有时却会贬低个体的尊严，降低他们的内在价值。文章建议我们改变赞美方式，不要去做“对与错”的游戏，从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人。【12题详析】词句猜测题。划线词上文“Atherapy(治疗)clientandIareworkingonaneatingdisorderandfinditoriginatedfromarelationshipbreak-uporperhapsbeingbulliedinmiddleschool.Suchhurtfulexperiencesledtonoteatingforacoupleofweeks.(我和一位治疗客户正在治疗一种饮食失调症，发现它起源于一段关系的破裂，或者可能是在中学时被欺负。这种痛苦的经历导致了几周不吃东西)”讲述作者帮助患饮食失调症的患者找到了病因，积极寻求治疗方法，下文“Maybeit’sanenthusiastic,“Wow,youlookgreat!’’Inaflash,thispraiseexcitesaninnerandoftenunconsciousthought:“Oh,peoplecaremoreaboutmeifIloseweight.SomanythingsfeeloutofcontrolbutIcancontrolpeople’saffectionbynoteating.”(“哇，你看起来棒极了！”也许是一句热情的话。顷刻间，这种赞美激发了一种内在的、往往是无意识的想法：“哦，如果我减肥了，人们会更关心我。”很多事情都失去了控制，但我可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。”)”却说朋友不合时宜的赞美让病人认为减肥可以让人们会更关心自己，可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。朋友的话让作者给病人的治疗功亏一篑。由此推知，“Thencomesahighpraisefromafriendthattotally

backfires.(然后来自朋友的高度赞扬backfires)”中backfires的意思是“producesanunexpectedresult(产生了一个意想不到的结果)”。故选D项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Often,verywell-intentionedindividualsofferpraiseoutofadesiretoupliftandconnect.Suchpraiseisoftentied,directlyorindirectly,toaperson’srelationshipwiththestandardsofaspecificgrouporinstitution.Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?(通常，出于善意的人会出于鼓励和加强联系的目的而给予赞美。这种赞美通常直接或间接地与一个人与特定群体或机构的标准的关系联系在一起。可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”可知，段中针对第一段描述的情况，深入分析了善意的赞美所带来的意想不到的后果的原因，指出这种赞美往往与外部标准或群体期望联系在一起，潜在地损害了个人固有的尊严和价值。是对上文所述现象的深入剖析。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.Returningtoourexampleabove,whenyouseethatsomeonehaslostweightandyouwanttogivethemapraise,justpauseandtakeadeepbreath.Simplyask,“Howareyoudoing?” Seethemandhearthem.Appreciatethemasapersonoflimitlessvalue.Knowtheremaybemuchmoretotheirinnerworldthanmeetstheeye.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求。回到我们上面的例子，当你看到有人体重减轻了，你想表扬他们的时候，就停下来深呼吸。简单地问：“你好吗?”看他们所做，听他们所讲。把他们当作一个有无限价值的人来欣赏。要知道，他们的内心世界可能比你看到的要多得多)”可知，作者建议通过简单地问“你好吗？”来关注别人的内心。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Sadly,suchpraisecaneasilyreduceanindividual’sdignitytotheirlevelinlinewiththegroup’sexpectationsratherthansupportingtheirinherent(固有的)dignityandworth.So,what’sabetterway?(可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”和第四段中“Oneansweristoexitthegameof“rightandwrong”andenteramorelife-givingfocusonwhatneedsarepresent.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求)”可知，文章先提出问题：如何更好地赞美，然后给出答案：不要去做“对与错”的游戏，要从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人，这也是作者想要告诉读者的道理。由此可知，本文最佳标题是“SayNotothe“RightorWrong”Game(向“对或错”的游戏说不)”。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AswediveintotheNewYearwithfreshresolutions,abigquestionis:Howlongarewegoingtostickwiththem?____16____ButthereisastrategyknownasSMARTcanhelpbothinsettinggoalsandstickingwiththem.Specific.Indailylife,we’redrivenbyourhabits,whichcomeeasily.Wecandrive,listentotheradioandchewgumatthesametime.____17____Weneedtogetridofdistractionsandstayfocused.Masteringanewskillisslowgoing,soit’sbesttobeclearonouraim.Measurable.Whenitcomestogoals,there’softenadividebetweenintentionandaction.Onewaytobridgethisgapistotrackwhatwe’veachievedeachday.____18____So,ifyou’relearningtoplaythepiano,logyourpractice.Ifyouraimistoeatbetter,journalyourmeals.Achievable.____19____It’sarealitycheckonhowmuchtimeandresourcesyouhavetodevotetoit.And,itsometimesbegsabiggerquestion:WhyshouldIcommittothisgoal?Relevant.Goalsandvaluesshouldbeconnected.Wemayspendyearslivingoutotherpeople’sdreamsforus.Ifyou’reextrinsically(外在地)motivated,youmaypowerthrough.Butyoumaynotbehappywiththeoutcome,evenifyou’reverysuccessful.____20____Time-bound.It’simportanttosetgoalsthathavecleartimeframes.Mapoutanactionplan,andthroughouttheyearyoucanreferbacktotheplan.Setconcretegoalsandplanapainforward.Whenyou’refillingyourdayswithtasksandactivitiesinlinewithyourgoals,it’stimewellspent.A.Butworkingtowardanewgoalcanrequirealotofbrainpower.B.Weknowitmatterstoeathealthier,butitishardtofollowthrough.C.Breakyourgoaldownintosmallerpiecesandthinkwhetherit’sdoable.D.Peoplewhoregularlymonitortheirprogressaremorelikelytosucceed.E.Ifyoupickagoalyoureallycareabout,you’llgetitdoneandfeelbetter.F.Weoftenstartwithdeterminationandquicklyfindourpassiondecreasing.G.Tokeepyouontrack,writedownyourgoalsandsharethemwithyourteachers.【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.C20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是坚持新年决心的SMART策略。【16题详析】空前“AswediveintotheNewYearwithfreshresolutions,abigquestionis:Howlongarewegoingtostickwiththem?(当我们带着新的决心进入新年时，一个大问题是:我们能坚持多久？)”提出一个问题，就是我们能坚持新年决心多久，空格处应该是对这个问题进行回答，F选项“Weoftenstartwithdeterminationandquicklyfindourpassiondecreasing.(我们常常一开始就下定决心，但很快就发现我们的激情在减退。)”回答了前面的问题，说明我们往往不能坚持我们的新年决心，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】空前“Indailylife,we’redrivenbyourhabits,whichcomeeasily.Wecandrive,listentotheradioandchewgumatthesametime.(在日常生活中，我们很容易被习惯所驱使。我们可以一边开车，一边听收音机，一边嚼口香糖。)”说明我们能轻松地完成生活中的一些事情，空后“Weneedtogetridofdistractionsandstayfocused.(我们需要摆脱干扰，保持专注。)”说明要完成空格处所说的事情是不容易的，A选项“Butworkingtowardanewgoalcanrequirealotofbrainpower.(但是朝着一个新的目标努力可能需要大量的脑力。)”说明要朝一个目标努力需要脑力，和前文生活中容易完成的事情形成对比，和后文需要专注表达一致，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【18题详析】空前“Onewaytobridgethisgapistotrackwhatwe’veachievedeachday.(弥补这种差距的一种方法是记录我们每天所取得的成就。)”说明了要记录每天的成就，也就是记录自己的成长过程，空格处应该说这么做的好处，D选项“Peoplewhoregularlymonitortheirprogressaremorelikelytosucceed.(经常监控自己进步的人更有可能成功。)”说明记录自己的成长过程能让人可能成功，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。【19题详析】本段主题句是“Achievable.(可以实现的。)”，空格处应该也是说要目标变得可以实现的相关的内容，C选项“Breakyourgoaldownintosmallerpiecesandthinkwhetherit’sdoable.(把你的目标分解成更小的部分，并思考它是否可行。)”说明的是把目标变成小目标，看它是否能够实现，和本段主题一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。【20题详析】空前“Goalsandvaluesshouldbeconnected.Wemayspendyearslivingoutotherpeople’sdreamsforus.Ifyou’reextrinsically(外在地)motivated,youmaypowerthrough.Butyoumaynotbehappywiththeoutcome,evenifyou’reverysuccessful.(目标和价值观应该联系起来。我们可能会花费数年的时间来实现别人对我们的梦想。如果你有外在动力，你可能会坚持下去。但即使你非常成功，你也可能对结果不满意。)”说明目标要是和自己相关的，不然就算实现了，自己也不高兴，E选项“Ifyoupickagoalyoureallycareabout,you’llgetitdoneandfeelbetter.(如果你选择了一个你真正关心的目标，你就会完成它，感觉更好。)”说明了如果选择一个自己真正关心的目标，自己就会感觉更好，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therearemanyexamplesofeverydaykindnessesweoftentakeforgranted.Lastnight,duringmyeldestson’sbasketballgame,we____21____tobesittingnexttoaladywithayoungson.Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim,and____22____said,“Wannabemy____23____?”Duringthenext20minutes,thetwoboysplayedtogetherhappily.Itwasa____24____scene,andremindedmehow____25____itcan(andshould)betomakenewfriends.Afewhoursearlier,wewenttoadowntowncafeforanafternoontreat.Therewerenoopentablesforfour,sowe____26____atablefortwo,andcrowdedintothesmallspace.Justatthattime,oneyoungladycameoverand____27____totradeherlargertablewithus.Itwasasimpleactbutshowedusa____28____heart.Justacoupleofdaysago,Isoldmyfirstbooktoafriendofmine.ShepaidtheamountIchargedandasked,“Isthatenough?Itdoesn’tseemlikeitwill____29____shipping.”Truthfully,Ihadnot____30____correctlyfortheshippingcharge.Afterthat,Ireceiveda(an)____31____sumofmoney.Iwassodeeplyhumbledbyheractof____32____anddesiretoencourageme.Thoughoften____33____,thesesmallactsofservice,friendliness,andhumancarearewhatittakestomaketheworldgoround.Witheverydaydifficulties____34____us,thesesmallgesturesofgoodwillcaneasily____35____asparkofpositivity.21.A.happened B.intended C.refused D.decided22.A.urgently B.adorably C.thoughtfully D.maturely23.A.brother B.teammate C.assistant D.friend24.A.breath-taking B.normal C.heart-warming D.strange25.A.risky B.amusing C.awkward D.easy26.A.grabbed B.left C.prepared D.laid27.A.hesitated B.offered C.agreed D.begged28.A.heavy B.nervous C.selfless D.lonely29.A.cover B.afford C.change D.produce30.A.planned B.accounted C.paid D.applied31.A.enormous B.expected C.total D.additional32.A.carelessness B.bravery C.kindness D.duty33.A.praised B.overlooked C.discussed D.criticized34.A.surrounding B.pleasing C.stimulating D.reminding35.A.control B.pursue C.hide D.light【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描述了一些日常生活中容易被忽视的小善举，以及这些善举所带来的积极影响。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：昨晚，在我大儿子的篮球比赛中，我们碰巧坐在一位带着年幼儿子的女士旁边。A.happened碰巧；B.intended打算；C.refused拒绝；D.decided决定。根据前文“Lastnight,duringmyeldestson’sbasketballgame”以及后文“sittingnexttoaladywithayoungson”可知，是作者去看大儿子的篮球比赛时，坐在一位带着年幼儿子的女士旁边，这个事，应是碰巧发生的。故选A项。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩转向我最小的儿子，对他微笑着，可爱地说：“想和我做朋友吗?”在接下来的20分钟里，两个男孩在一起玩得很开心。A.urgently紧急地；B.adorably可爱地；C.thoughtfully深思地；D.maturely成熟地。根据前文“Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim”可知，小男孩微笑的对着作者的小儿子说，应是可爱的。故选B项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：小男孩转向我最小的儿子，对他微笑着，可爱地说：“想和我做朋友吗?”在接下来的20分钟里，两个男孩在一起玩得很开心。A.brother兄弟；B.teammate队友；C.assistant助手；D.friend朋友。根据后文“remindedmehowitcan(andshould)betomakenewfriends.”可知，小男孩是在问作者的小儿子是否想和他做朋友。故选D项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个温暖人心的场景，提醒我结交新朋友是多么容易(也应该是多么容易)。A.breath-taking惊人的；B.normal正常的；C.heart-warming暖心的；D.strange奇怪的。根据前文“Duringthenext20minutes,thetwoboysplayedtogetherhappily.”可知，两个男孩在一起玩得很开心，是一个温暖人心的场景。故选C项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个温暖人心的场景，提醒我结交新朋友是多么容易。A.risky有风险的；B.amusing有趣的；C.awkward令人尴尬的；D.easy容易的。根据上文“Thelittleboyturnedtomyyoungestson,smilingathim,and_____said,“Wannabemy______?”可知，提醒我结交新朋友是多么容易。故选D项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有四个人的空桌子了，所以我们抢了一张两人的桌子，挤进了这个小地方。A.grabbed抢占；B.left离开；C.prepared准备；D.laid放置。根据后文“andcrowdedintothesmallspace.”可知，作者一行挤进了小空间，所以此处应该是抢占了两个座位的桌子。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，一位年轻女士走过来，提出要和我们交换她的大桌子。A.hesitated犹豫；B.offered主动提出；C.agreed同意；D.begged乞求。根据后文“tradeherlargertablewithus.”可知，应是“提出要和我们交换她的大桌子”符合语境。故选B项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的举动，但向我们展示了一颗无私的心。A.heavy沉重的；B.nervous紧张的；C.selfless无私的；D.lonely孤独的。根据前文“oneyoungladycameoverandtotradeherlargertablewithus.”可知，这位年轻女士提出要和作者一行交换她的大桌子，是无私的行为。故选C项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它似乎不包括运费。A.cover包括；B.afford承担得起；C.change改变；D.produce生产。根据后文“Truthfully,Ihadnotcorrectlyfortheshippingcharge.”可知，作者没有计算运费，所以是不包括运费。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我没有计算运费。A.planned计划；B.accounted计算；C.paid支付；D.applied应用。根据前文“Itdoesn’tseemlikeitwillshipping.”可知，作者向朋友要的钱没有包含运费，所以是作者没有计算运费。