高中英语单词天天记scrape素材

PAGEPAGE1·scrape·v.

[skreɪp](scrapes;scraped;scraping)·

·双说明义·vt.&vi.

刮;削

removemud,paint,etc.bydrawingorpushingthehardedgeofatool·vt.

擦伤

injureordamagebyharshrubbing,etc.·vt.

设法得到

obtainbybeingcareful,orwitheffort·基本要点

1.scrape的基本意思是“刮”“擦”,指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮某物,常强调其目的,如擦掉污渍、漆皮、使之剥落或光滑等。还表示发出特殊的、令人不适的声音。引申可表示“牵强通过”。2.scrape用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语(可以是被擦的物体,如墙、泥等,也可以是擦掉的东西如泥等)。有时也可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。可用于被动结构。用作不及物动词,接against,表示“摩擦”;接along,表示“牵强过下去”;接by,表示“靠…牵强度日”;接through,表示“牵强通过考试或通过狭窄的地方”。·词汇搭配

～+名词scrapethedishes

将碟子擦干净scrapethemud

把泥擦净scrapepaint

刮去油漆scrapetheskin

擦掉皮

～+副词scrapeawayamisspelledword

擦去拼法错的字scrapeawaythewallpaper

刮掉糊墙纸scrapedown

用脚擦地板发出噪声以阻挡(讲演者)说下去scrapein

牵强进入scrapeoutajamjar

把果酱罐子刮干净scrapeoutamark

擦掉记号scrapetogetherenoughmoney

凑足钱scrapeup

刮拢,扒拢

～+介词scrapeagainstthewindowpanes

(树枝)擦着窗玻璃scrapealongthewall

擦墙而过scrapefrom

擦去,刮掉scrapeoffthepaint

刮掉油漆scrapethroughacrisis

设法牵强渡过危机scrapethroughexamination

牵强通过考试scrapewithfeet

用脚擦来擦去地发出声·常用短语

scrapealong(v.+adv.)牵强过下去livewithdifficultywithoutenoughmoney▲scrapealongIcanscrapealongonareductiveincomeforashorttime,butnotforever.收入削减后短期内我还可以凑合着过,但不能长期这样下去。Wedon'thavemuchmoneybutwescrapealongsomehow.虽然我们没多少钱,但是还可以过得下去。Shespentthreeyearsatcollege,scrapingalongonanallowancefromherparents.她靠父母的津贴勉牵强强地在高校里度过了三年。scrapeaway(v.+adv.)用利物刮,擦rubcontinuouslywithsthsharp;removea(covering)byrubbingwithsthsharp▲scrapeawayScrapingawaypatientlyinsoilwiththeirfingers,theteamofscientistsdiscoveredtheruinsofanancientcivilization.这组科学家耐性地用手指在泥土中扒,从而发觉了一个古代文明的遗迹。▲scrapesth⇔awayScrapingthesnowaway,theyfoundacarburiedunderneath!铲去积雪后,他们发觉下面埋着一辆汽车!scrapeby(v.+prep.)靠…牵强度日makealivingwithdifficultybysth

▲scrapebysth/v-ingIscrapedbyborrowingfrommyrelationsuntilmynextchequearrived.在另一张支票寄来以前,我始终从亲属那里借钱牵强度日。scrapein(v.+adv.)牵强挤进,考入beonlyjustabletoenteraplaceoraschool〔说明〕scrapein常不用于进行体。▲scrapeinThetrainwascrowded,butIscrapedinjustbeforethedoorclosed.火车上拥挤不堪,但就在关门之前,我强挤了进去。Manymenwhoonlyscrapeintothearmycollegemakethebestofficers.不少牵强被军事院校录用的人成了最优秀的军官。scrapeoff(v.+prep.)擦掉,擦伤removebydrawingorpushingthehardedgeofatool;injureofdamagebyhardrubbing,etc.▲scrapesthoffsth

Scrapethemudoffyourshoesbeforeenteringthelibrary.进图书馆前请先擦去鞋上的泥。Shescrapedtherustoffthekitchenknife.她擦掉了菜刀上的锈。Theboyfellandscrapedtheskinoffhisknee.这男孩摔了一跤,擦破了膝盖上的皮。scrapeout(v.+adv.)掏空,刮净emptyorcleanacontainerbyrubbingit,aswithsthsharp▲scrapesth⇔outFirstscrapeouttheseeds,thencutthefruitintopieces.先刮去水果的籽,然后再把它们切成块。Thisanimalscrapesoutaholeinthesandtolayitseggsin.这只动物在沙地上挖了个洞,以便在里面下蛋。Theboysscrapedoutahollowplaceforplantingtrees.那些孩子挖了个坑打算栽树。

用于be～ed结构Theashesmustbescrapedoutfromthestove.炉里的灰必需掏尽。scrapethrough1(v.+adv.)〈非正〉牵强通过beonlyjustabletopassthrough(anarrowplace,aexamination,etc.)〔说明〕scrapethrough常不用于进行体。▲scrapethroughThebarsweresoclosetogetherthatIdon'tknowhowitwasabletoscrapethrough.它们(栅栏杆)排列这么紧密,我真不知它怎么挤过去的。Thewallsofthecavecometoanarrowpointjustahead,butIthinkwecanscrapethrough.前面就是洞壁最狭窄处,不过我想我们能挤得过去。Someofyoudeservedtosucceed,andothersonlyscrapedthrough.你们当中有些人取得胜利是天经地义的,而有些人只是牵强通过。scrapethrough2(v.+prep.)〈非正〉牵强通过beonlyjustabletopassthrough(anarrowplace,aexamination,etc.)▲scrapethroughsth

Ourdogusedtoescapebyscrapingthroughthebarsofhisfence.我们那条狗过去常从阻挡它的栅栏杆之间挤过去。Jailgotintothemusicschoolbyscrapingthroughtheexamination.杰尔牵强通过了音乐学院的考试,被录用了。scrapetogether(v.+adv.)凑成;聚在一起;积攒gatherbypushingwithsth;collectorobtainsthsuchasmoney▲scrapesth⇔together

I'llhavetoscrapetogethersomemoneyforasight-seeingtrip.我得积蓄点钱去旅游。I'lltrytoscrapeateamtogetherfortomorrow'sgame.我设法拼凑成一个球队参与明天的竞赛。Scrapethedeadleavestogetherintoapile,andthenwecanburnthem.请把枯叶聚成一堆,我们也好烧掉。scrapeupanacquaintance(v.+adv.+n.)〈非正〉一般相识makefriendswithsbtoasightdegree〔说明〕scrapeupanacquaintance常不用于进行体。▲scrapeupanacquaintance(withsb)Afteryearsoflivinginthesamestreet,myneighbourandIhaddonenomorethanscrapeupanacquaintance.我和我的邻居在同一条街住了多年,但只不过是一般相识而已。They'resomepeoplewescrapedupanacquaintancewithonholiday.他们是我在假期里结识的。Shewassolonelyduringherholidaythatshewouldhavescrapedupanacquaintancewithalmostanyone.假期中她感到特别孤独,因此几乎情愿跟任何人结交。·句型例句

用作不及物动词▲S+～(+A)Itwassowindythatthebrancheswerescrapingagainstthewindowpanes.风很大,树枝在玻璃窗上拂来拂去。Shescrapedandsaveduntilrich.她俭朴致富。用作及物动词▲S+～+n./pron.Hescrapedhiscarwhenhedrovethroughthenarrowgate.当他驾车驶过狭长的大门时,擦着了汽车。Thecarscrapeditssideagainstthewall.汽车的车身在墙上擦坏了。Shescrapedthefloor.她擦了地板。Theseareyoungcarrotsandyouneednotscrapethem.这些胡萝卜很嫩,不用刮皮。Hecleanedthewirebyscrapingitwithaknife.他用小刀把这根电线皮剥掉。Adoghadscrapedaholeinmyrosebed.一只狗在我的玫瑰花坛上掏了个洞。Thesehungrychildrenscrapedthedishesandplates.这些饥饿的孩子把盘里的东西吃得干干净净。Wemanagedtoscrapeanaudienceoffiftypeople.我们设法争取到了50名观众。用作宾补动词▲S+～+n./pron.+adj.Hescrapedhisbootscleanbeforecomingintothehouse.进屋前他先把靴子擦干净。·词语辨异

scrape,grind,scratch这组词的意思相近。其区分是:scrape指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮〔擦〕掉某物;grind表示通过磨〔擦〕使工具、武器变得锋利或光滑;scratch指用利器在物体的表面上划出一道线或沟··scrape·n.

[skreɪp](scrapes)·

·双说明义·C

刮,擦,刮擦声

anactorsoundofscraping·C

擦痕,擦伤

amarkorwoundmadebyscraping·C

〈正〉逆境,麻烦

anunpleasant,butnotveryserioussi