潍坊学院专业英语期末考试（化学工程与工艺）复习题

专业英语期末考试一、单选题1.Whichofthefollowingisacommonunitofpressureinengineering?(2.00分)A.literB.kilogramC.PascalD.meter答案：C2.Theprocessofconvertingrawmaterialsintofinishedproductsisknownas_____inmanufacturing.(2.00分)A.productionB.distributionC.consumptionD.research答案：A3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommongenreinprofessionalEnglish?(2.00分)A.businessletterB.poemC.technicalreportD.researchpaper答案：B4.Inatechnicaldrawing,dimensionsaretypicallygivenin_____.(2.00分)A.millimetersB.inchesormillimetersC.centimetersonlyD.feet答案：B5."Inthechemicalindustry,safetyisparamount."ThissentencecanbebesttranslatedintoChineseas_____.(2.00分)A.在化学工业中，安全是最重要的。B.在化学工业里，安全是次要的。C.在化学工业中，效率是最重要的。D.在化学工业里，没有安全可言。答案：A6.ThemainpurposeoftechnicalwritinginprofessionalEnglishisto_____.(2.00分)A.entertainreadersB.informandinstructC.persuadereadersD.sellproducts答案：B7.Theterm"QC"standsfor_____inqualitymanagement.(2.00分)A.QualityCircleB.QualityControlC.QuantityControlD.QualityCompliance答案：B8.Theabbreviation"ISO"refersto_____.(2.00分)A.InternationalStandardsOrganizationB.InternationalSpaceOrganizationC.IndependentSoftwareOrganizationD.IndustrialSafetyOrganization答案：A9.A"patent"isalegaldocumentthatgrantsaninventor_____.(2.00分)A.exclusiverightstoaninventionB.atrademarkC.acopyrightD.abusinesslicense答案：A10.Theterm"VOCs"standsfor_____inenvironmentalscience.(2.00分)A.volatileorganiccompoundsB.veryoldcompoundsC.valuableorganiccompoundsD.visuallyobviouscompounds答案：A二、多选题1.Thegoalsoftechnicaltranslationinclude_____.(2.00分)A.accuracyB.readabilityC.culturaladaptation答案：ABC2.Inabusinessproposal,youmightinclude_____.(2.00分)A.acoverletterB.adetailedbudgetC.aprojecttimeline答案：ABC3.ProfessionalEnglishisusedin_____.(2.00分)A.academicresearchB.businesscommunicationsC.technicalindustries答案：ABC4.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofeffectivetechnicalwriting?(2.00分)A.ClarityB.ConcisenessC.AccuracyD.Persuasion答案：ABC5.Thefollowingareexamplesoftechnicaldocumentation:(2.00分)A.usermanualsB.safetydatasheetsC.technicalspecificationsD.marketingbrochures答案：ABC三、判断题1."VOCs"areharmfultotheenvironmentandneedtobecontrolled.(2.00分)答案：正确2.Inabusinessletter,thesender'saddressshouldappearatthetopofthepage.(2.00分)答案：正确3.TheISOstandardisonlyrelevanttothetechnologyindustry.(2.00分)答案：错误4.AlltechnicaldocumentationmustbewritteninEnglish.(2.00分)答案：错误5.Inatechnicalreport,theabstractshouldcomebeforetheintroduction.(2.00分)答案：正确6.Intechnicaldrawings,dimensionsshouldalwaysberoundedtothenearestwholenumber.(2.00分)答案：错误7.Technicalwritingshouldavoidtheuseofjargonandcomplexterminology.(2.00分)答案：错误8.Apatentgivesaninventortherighttoselltheirinventionexclusively.(2.00分)答案：正确9.Theabbreviation"QC"inqualitymanagementreferstoqualitycompliance.(2.00分)答案：错误10.Technicalwritingshouldalwaysbewritteninthepassivevoice.(2.00分)答案：错误四、名词解释1.ISO(5.00分)解析：InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,aglobalorganizationthatdevelopsandpublishesinternationalstandards.2.Patent(5.00分)解析：Alegaldocumentthatgrantsaninventorexclusiverightstoaninventionforalimitedperiodoftime.3.UnitOperation(5.00分)解析：Aunitoperationisafundamentalconceptinchemicalengineeringthatrepresentsabasicstepintheprocessingofmaterials.Itinvolvesthephysicalorchemicaltransformationofasystemtoachieveaspecificchangeinitsproperties,suchastemperature,pressure,composition,orphase.五、简答题1.Brieflyexplaintheroleofcatalystsinchemicalengineeringprocesses.(7.00分)解析：Catalystsplayacrucialroleinchemicalengineeringprocessesbyacceleratingchemicalreactionswithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.Theylowertheactivationenergyrequiredforareactiontooccur,therebyincreasingthereactionrateandoftenimprovingtheselectivityofthedesiredproduct.Catalystsarewidelyusedinindustriessuchaspetroleumrefining,polymerization,andthesynthesisofchemicals.2.HowdoesprofessionalEnglishdifferfromgeneralEnglish?(7.00分)解析：ProfessionalEnglishistailoredtospecificindustriesandcontexts,oftenusingspecializedterminology,formallanguage,andafocusonclearandconcisecommunicationoftechnicalinformation.六、论述题1.Analyzetheimpactoftechnologyadvancementsontheefficiencyandsustainabilityofchemicalprocesses.(21.00分)解析：Technologyadvancementshavehadaprofoundimpactontheefficiencyandsustainabilityofchemicalprocesses.Thedevelopmentofadvancedcatalystsandseparationtechnologieshassignificantlyimprovedreactionrates,selectivity,andproductyields,whilereducingenergyconsumptionandwastegeneration.Inaddition,processsimulationandoptimizationsoftwarehaveenabledengineerstoaccuratelypredictprocessperformanceandidentifypotentialimprovementswithouttheneedforextensiveexperimentaltrials.Theseadvancementshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofmoresustainablechemicalprocesses,suchasthosethatuserenewablefeedstocks,reducegreenhousegasemissions,andminimizewaste.However,theadoptionofnewtechnologiesalsopresentschallen