英语句子成分讲+宾语从句讲解

来源：网络转载来源：网络转载来源：网络转载句子成分及基本句型考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名词作主语）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代词作主语）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（动名词作主语）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）Westudyhard.（行为动词作谓语）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）HecanspeakEnglish.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名词作宾语）Shesays（that）sheisill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）Weoftenhelphim.（代词作宾语）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作宾语）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give,show（给……看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答应）,refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他将书递给我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容词）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名词）Pleaselethimin.（副词）Weheardhersingingasong.（分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：Iamateacher.（名词）Heisalwayshappy.（形容词）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介词短语）Itgetscold.（形容词）Be动词（am，is，are,was,were）系动词表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改变（get，become，turn）感官动词（feel，sound，seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（为系动词，careful为表语）（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容词）What’syourname?（代词）Theymakepaperflowers.（名词）说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语在不定代词后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo为不定式作后置定语）说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副词）Weoftenhelphim.（副词）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介词短语）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语）Hesitsthere.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】A.主语+不及物动词(主谓)如：Thesunrises.太阳升起来。Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。(rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。)B.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.C.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……）Itgetsdark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得）Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）D.主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)如：HegivesTomapresent.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如：TheycallherMary.（宾补）他们叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。典型例题,写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.课后练习(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①?Mybrother?doesn't?do?hishomework.

ABCD

②?People?all?over?theworld?speak?English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew?words?do?you?learn

?

ABCD

⑤Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

how

about

you?

ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表语①

Theoldman

is

feeling

very

tired.

ABCD

②Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim?

ABCD

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

ABCD

④Soon

They

all

becomeinterested

inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She

is

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.

ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定语①

They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.

ABCD②

What

is

your

given

name?

ABCD③Onthe

third

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.

ABCD

⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.

ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.ABCD

②He

asks

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

ABCD③She

find

it

difficult

todothework.

ABCD④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

ABCD

⑤

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的状语①

There

is

abigsmile

onherface.

ABCD

②

Everynight

he

heard

thenoise

upstairs.

ABCD

③He

began

tolearn

English

whenhewaseleven.

ABCD

④

Theman

onthemotorbike

istravelling

tofast.

ABCD⑤

Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,

Miss

Li

hurriedoff.

ABCD初中英语语法宾语从句讲解及专项练习宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2.连接词(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?特殊情况：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋doyouthink＋陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Doyouknow（if/whetherhehasseenthefilm）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：Ididn'tknow（if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun.）Theteachertoldus（thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how6.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim___.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idon’tknow_________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_________?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if17.Julydidn’tknow_________.A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo20.Heaskedme_________.A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney21.Didyouhear______?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay22.Canyoutellme________?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass23.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation24.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent25.Tomaskedme________.A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas26.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstationC.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis27.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive28.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whereishelivingD.helivesthere29.---Canyoutellme______?---Yes,helivesinasmalltown.A.wherehelivesB.whoissingingC.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid30.Haveyoudecided______forLondon?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleaveC.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing31.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______ourtickets?A.wheredoweshowB.whereshallweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow32.---Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?---Weareallinterestedin______.A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.HoweggfriesD.howdoeseggfry33.Doyouknow_______?A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenameisit34.Doyouknow_______?A.whosebookisthisB.whosebookthisisC.thisbookiswhoseD.who’sbookthisis35.Idon’tknow______now.A.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat36.Doesheknow______?A.what’syournameB.whatnameisyourC.whatyourisnameD.whatyournameis37.Doyouknow______?A.whichfloorhelivesB.whichfloorhelivesonC.helivesonwhichfloorD.whichfloordoesheliveson38.Tellmewhere____?A.isthehospitalB.thehospitalisC.ishospitalD.hospitalis39.Hehasn’tdecided_______.A.ifhe’llgoonatriptoWuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxiC.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi40.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat点击中考1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone6.---Doyouknow_______.theCapitalMuseum?---NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited7.Hewantedtoknow_______.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave8.Iwanttoknow_______..A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______.?----Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis10.---Couldyoutellme_______.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe_______herejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is11.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.Shewantedtoknow_______thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher12.---I’mateenager’smother.SometimesIdon’tknow.----Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.13.---Iwonder_______.withoutwater----Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanliveP3典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1.主，谓，宾，状2.定，状3.表 4.谓，宾，状5.定，定6.谓，状7.谓，宾，状8.谓，状9.表 10.表11.定，表 12.状，状P4课后练习(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B

(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语

②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语

④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案D你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。3.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。4.参考答案Aif表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5.参考答案B有ornot，所以用whether.6.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序.7.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who作从句的宾语。8.参考答案Awhose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。10.参考答案D主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11.参考答案Cif连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12.参考答案Bwhose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序。14.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15.参考答案C主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16.参考答案B有ornot就用whether.17.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18.参考答案B没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选B就是没有人做什么，us后面是宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以C选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选B.19.参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做todo的宾语。20.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21.参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，what作从句的宾语。22.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序，哪一个班，所以用whichclass.23.参考答案D你能告诉我怎样可以去车站，当然可以。宾语从句用陈述语序，怎样用how.24.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序。