英语构词法完整版本

（二）构词法英语的构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。1．派生法在一个单词上加上前缀或后缀构成的新词的方法叫派生法．

(l）前缀：前缀一般不改变单词的词类，只改变词义，前缀中有相当一部分构成反义词①表示否定的前缀：un一unhappyuntrueuncertainnon一nonstopnon一drinkernon一metaldis

一disappeardisagreedislikein一indirectinactiveinactionim

一impossibleimpoliteimprobableir

一irregularirrelative②表示“相反”、“取消”的前缀：

un一unlockuncloseuncoverdis

一disorderdisablediscover③表示“不好、坏、错”的前缀：

mis

一misdoingmisunderstandingmisjudge④表示其他意思的前缀：

a一abroadasleepen一enlargeenjoyre一returnrebuildpre一prepayprehistory(2）后缀：后缀往往改变单词的词类，词义基本上和原来的词根一致。

①名词性后缀：一alarrivaltrialfestival一anphysicianEuropeanmusician一erteacherworkerwriter一icpoeticmusicclassic一oractorsailorvisitor一shipfriendshipleadershiprelationship

一tiontranslationcorrectioninvention一siondiscussiondecisionmission一mentmovementdevelopmentargument一istscientistphysicistpianist一ismrealismcriticismsocialism一nesshappinessbusinessillness②动词性后缀：一en，一ize

，一fy

quickenwiden

realizemodernizesimplifybeautify(3）形容词性后缀：一alnationalnaturalphysical一fulbeautifulusefulgrateful一lesscarelessuselesshopeless

一lyfriendlylovelylively一iveactiveattractivedecisive一ousfamousdangerouspoisonous一ablesuitablemovableconsiderable一edretireddevelopedinterested一ingexcitinginterestingmoving(4）副词性后缀：一lybeautifullyhopefullyreallyhappily一wardsonwardsupwardsforwards(5）数词后缀：一teenfourteenthirteeneighteen一thninthtenthtwelfth一tysixtyfiftyforty2．合成法由两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法叫合成法，所构成的新词叫合成词。合成词词例handwritinghighwayfootballbirthdaywhitewashtime-savingpeace-lovinghistory-makingfreedom-lovingjob-huntingnewspaperschoolyardfootprintfingerprintsunrisesunsetearthquakeheadacheglasshouseeverywheresightseeingwheneverplaygroundmaybeanyonemyselfoverthrowsnow-coveredman-madestate-ownedpasser-byworn-outup-to-datebusdriverwarm-heartedbusstopicecreamself-improvementcellphonepostofficewritingdeskhorseridingoilwellkeyboardteamworkbest-sellerseafoodsecond-handgood-lookingpaper-thinlife-longlife-or-deathwatergatedancehallgreenhouseblackboardmainlandsleeping-pilldining-carwaterfallcomrade-in-armshomesickmanlikesnow-whitelight-yellowlifeboatblueprintbodyguardthunderstormbedroombreakthroughblue-eyedreading-roomgrasslandfruittreeshorthandbookcasebookstorerailwayovercomeiron-heartediron-willedsleep-walkblacklistpolicemanreadinglamppasswordfirst-rateface-to-facedie-handsunbathinghard-workingfarseeingdownstairsnewcomerraincoatworkbookinlandrainfallbittersweetevergreenwell-preparedwell-writtenwell-knownfull-timepart-timeeasy-goingready-madehard-wonundergroundindoorgood-temperednoble-mindedsimple-minded3

．转换法一个单词不借助词缀而由一种词类直接转换为另一种词类的方法叫转换法。转换词的词形不变，读音基本不变或稍有变化，词义基本不变或稍有引申。1.n.v.(1)boatWecrossedtheriverinaboat.Wegoboatingonthelakeeveryweekend.1.n.v.(2)bookHeisreadingabookaboutShakespeare.I’dliketobookthreeseatsfortonight’sconcert.1.n.v.(3)headHefellandhithishead.Heheadedthegovernment.Heheadedstraightforthebar.2.v.n.(1)payWepaid50,000$forourhouse.Areyoupayingincashorbycheque?Hedoesn’tlikethejob,butthepayisgood.3.a.v.(1)rightYouareright.Turnright!Pleaserightthewrong!3.a.v.(2)dirtyThewhiteglovesaredirty.Don’tdirtyyournewdress!Itiseasytogetinbadeatinghabits.Youmayeatyourbreakfastinahurriedtogettoschoolontimeoryoumaynothavetimeforagoodlunch.ItmayseemeasyfinishyourSupperwithfishandchipsallthetimes.Butyouwillfindyoutiredinthesedaysyoucannotthinkquickly.Watchingthatyoueatwillhelpyourbodyhealthandstrong.Itisalsogoodtotakesomeexercise.Itwillhelpyoueatm