2024年高考二轮复习-四选一阅读之推理判断题导学案

2/2突破高考英语四选一阅读之推理判断题推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。一、隐含推断题和观点态度题【热点考向一】隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh－qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——由信息句可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。【关键点拨】隐含推断题要求考生推断出作者没有直接说明的内容或可能会发生的事情，理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。【热点考向二】观点态度题——依据措辞定态度【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion，theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance，theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow－upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision－makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。【关键点拨】1.关注文中措辞作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。2.熟背常见选项肯定/支持positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的；favorable赞同的；approving赞成的；supportive支持的；reasonable合理的反对/否定disapproving不赞成的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；doubtful/skeptical/suspicious怀疑的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的中立/客观objective客观的；neutral中立的；unconcerned不关心的；indifferent漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；unclear不清楚的【随堂演练】(2023·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试)DellaStewardgotthestandardwell－wishesonherblogonher53rdbirthday,butshegotsomeunusualmessagestoo.OnewasabouttheSmithfamilywhohadjustlosttheirfour－year－oldsontocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasindeepsorrow.CouldDellahelp?Thatmessageandthe30orsootherslikeitwereexactlywhatDellawaslookingfor.Tocelebrateher53rd,thelong－timesocialserviceprofessionalhadputoutacallonherblog.Shewantedtocommit53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth,andsheneededinformationonpeoplewhocoulduseone.WhenshegotthenoteabouttheSmithfamily，shesentawindchime(风铃)withthemessage“ListentothewindandknowthatIamnear”writtenonit.Itnowhangsinthefour－year－old’sbedroom,wherehisolderbrothercangotolistentoitwheneverhewants.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatDellahasdecidedtogivegiftsforherbirthday.Forher47th，in2016,shefoundedLoveinAction,anorganizationcommittedtodoingsomethinggoodnearherhomeandbeyond.Itsaimissimple：DoYourBest,ShowYourLove!Overtheyears,theorganizationhasreachedoutandtouchedwellover100strangers,somefoundviaDella’sblog,otherswithhelpfromhergrandkids.Theorganizationalsosharesinexpensiveandcreativegiftideasforotherstohelppeopleinneed.Dellapaysforeverythingherself：giftcards,pay－it－forwardpurchasesatdrive－throughs,andcarepackages,aswellasthegasittakestoplayfairygodmother.Herfamilyoftengiveshersomeextrabirthdaycashwithaseriouswarningagainstspendingitonanyoneelse,whichshenaturallyignores.“Igotacoupleofgiftcardsformybirthdaythisyearandwaslike‘YESSS’！”It’sDella’sparty,andshe’llgiveifshewantsto.1.WhatweretheunusualmessagesDellagotonher53rdbirthday?A.Helprequests. B.Giftideas.C.Donationoffers. D.Birthdaywishes.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDellafromhergifttotheSmithfamily?A.Sheiscaringandbrave.B.Sheislovingandhelpful.C.Sheispatientandromantic.D.Sheiscreativeanddetermined.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLoveinAction?A.Itinvolvespeopleinactsofkindness.B.Itholdsthebeliefthatkindnesspaysoff.C.ItoffersaidwithinDella’sneighborhood.D.Itmainlyaimstoeducatekidstohelpout.4.WhydoesDella’sfamilygiveherwarnings?A.Shethinkslittleofherfamily’scancer.B.Shetreatsstrangersbetterthanherfamily.C.Sheisfinanciallydependentonherfamily.D.Sheistooreadytogiveawayherbirthdaygifts.(2023·沈阳四校联合质检)Thedemanding2025federalCorporateAverageFuelEconomy(CAFE)goalof54.5milespergallonacrossanautomaker’sfleet(车队)isoneofthedrivingfactorsbehindaseriesofadvancementsinmoreefficientenginetechnologies.Tomeettheincreasingfuelstandards,automakershavereliedonarangeofvehicletypes.Mostpeopletendtothinkofhybrids(混合动力车)andelectricvehicleswhentalkturnstoenergyefficientcars.Ahybridvehicleusesbothelectricdriveandaninternalenginetopushthevehicle.Whenthedriverslows,thebatterypartiallyrechargesthroughregenerativebraking.Today,therearehybridversionsofmanymodernmid－sizecars.Themostrecentadvancementcomesintheformofplug－inhybridswithlarger(andmoreexpensive)batterypacksthatcanbechargedathomeortheoffice,allowingyoutodrivegreaterdistancesonelectricpower,whichsignificantlyimprovesoverallaveragefueleconomyonmosttrips.Electriccarsarealsoevolving,butstillconfronthurdleswhenitcomestobatterycostandasomewhatlimitedrangeincertainmodels.Promisingelectricsareonthehorizon,butit’sbesttoreservejudgmentuntilweseewhethertheydeliveratapricepointmoreconsumerscanafford.Hydrogen(氢)fuelcellvehiclesarealsoadvancing.Essentially,theseareelectriccarswiththeelectricitysuppliedbyhydrogenandoxygenpassingthroughafuelcellstack(燃料电池组).They’resuperclean,producingonlywatervaporandalittleheatatthetailpipe.Untilwehavemuchlargerhydrogen－fuelbasicfacilities,thesetypesofvehicleswillbelimitedtoregionaluseinmajormetroareas.Asyoucantell,alongwithenginetechnology,advancementshavebeenmadeinmanyotherareas.Withthetechnologicalcompetitionamongautomakers,energyefficientcarsareevolvingatanimpressivepace,andthat’sagoodthingfortheplanet.5.Whydoautomakersdevelopvarioustypesofvehicles?A.Topromotethecarproduction.B.Toboosttheautomobileindustry.C.Tosatisfythecustomers’demand.D.TomeetthefederalCAFE’sstandards.6.Whatisthelatestimprovementofthehybridcar?A.Itcanbeappliedtocarsinvarioussizes.B.Itisequippedwithplug－inbatterypacks.C.Itusesaninternalengineandelectricdrive.D.Itcanbepartiallychargedviaspeedingdrive.7.Whatpreventsthehydrogen－fuelcellvehiclesbeingwidelyused?A.Thehighcostofproduction.B.Itsdemandofsupercleanfuel.C.Thelackofsupportingfacilities.D.Itsneedofwatervaporandheat.8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofenergyefficientcars?A.Supportive. B.Tolerant.C.Critical. D.Doubtful.A篇Para.1：indeepsorrow深深的悲痛Para.2：commit53randomactsofkindness随机做53件善举Para.4：inexpensiveadj.不贵的，便宜的B篇Para.1：demandingadj.费时的；苛刻的；要求很高的meettheincreasingfuelstandards满足不断提高的燃料标准Para.2：partiallyadv.部分地rechargev.再充电significantlyadv.有重大意义地；显著地ahybridvehicle混合动力汽车Para.3：onthehorizon将要发生Para.4：essentiallyadv.本质上，根本上hydrogenfuel氢燃料A篇译文：她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并严重警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，但她自然忽略了这一点。二、写作手法题和写作意图题【热点考向一】写作手法题——行文逻辑定手法【典例1】(2021·八省联考卷阅读C)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples. B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons. D.Explainingaconcept.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——通过第一段“Forexample...tochangecolour.”以及第二段“Whatactuallyhappens...watchessomethingelse.”可以推知，在这两段中，作者举了两个例子。【关键点拨】每篇文章或每个段落都遵循一定的逻辑线索来展开说明或介绍。解答此类题时，考生要能够把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作手法。【热点考向二】写作意图题——立足行文推意图【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco－machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit！Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse－likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco－machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself－repair.”26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——画波浪线的部分提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。【关键点拨】无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者细节的写作目的，都必定与文章主题相关，为文章主题服务。读首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨；然后由主旨来推断作者的写作意图；议论文、新闻报道、说明文等的主题句多在文首。【随堂演练】(2023·十堰统考一模)Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)aregettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(红外线的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingdata.C.Bydrawingadistinction.D.Bymakingassumptions.2.Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A.Thehighsafety.B.Thehugespace.C.Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D.Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.3.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A.Theirproductionsteps.B.Theirpracticalfunctions.C.Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D.Theirdatasetformonitoringtheenvironment.4.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Drones：Poisonous B.Drones：Eco－friendlyC.Drones：Limited D.Drones：Adaptable(2023·长沙雅礼中学高三统考)AsearthquakesstruckaswathofTurkeyandSyriaonMondaymorning,JihanBayramranoutofherhouseinherpajamastoaparkinglotintheSyriancityofAleppo,whereacrowdgathered.Motherswarmedtheirbabiesinblanketsinthefreezingnightair.“Ithoughtweweregoingtodie，”saidMs.Bayram,33yearsold,ateacherwholivedinAleppothroughadecadeofcivilwar.“Aleppohassufferedsomuch，”shesaid.“It’slikewearebackinadeepcrisis.”Twopowerfulearthquakesandtheiraftershocksdevastatedasectionofbattle－scarrednorthernSyriathatwasalreadysufferingfromwar,amassexodusofitspeopleandagrinding(无休止的)economiccrisis.NorthernSyriahousedmillionsofpeopledisplacedbythecountry’slongcivilwar,includingnearlytwomillionpeoplelivinginmakeshiftcamps,morethanhalfofwhomarechildren.Thequakeskilledabout1，400peopleintheAlepporegionandseveralotherareasofSyria,saidtheSyrianCivilDefenseorganization,knownastheWhiteHelmets,andtheHealthMinistryaffiliatedwiththegovernment.Casualtyfigureswereexpectedtorise,asmanypeoplewerestillmissingandcommunicationslineshadbeendamagedintheearthquakesandmanyareaswereoutofreachforaidorganizationsandauthorities.ThedaysleadinguptotheearthquakesawheavyrainandsnowinnorthernSyria,whichmaderesidentsthereevenmorevulnerabletoanaturaldisaster,saidMadeviSun－Suon,spokeswomanfortheUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsinTurkey.“Thisspellsdisasterforanareathat’salreadysuffered，”shesaid.Warehouseshadbeendamagedandhospitalswereoverwhelmed,residentsinAlepposaid.Citizensweregatheringoutsideinparks,schoolplaygroundsandinyardsoutsidemosques(清真寺)andchurches,whichopenedtheirdoorstodisplacedfamilies.Evenbeforetheearthquakes,Syrianswerestrugglingundertheperhapsworsteconomiccrisissincethecivilwarbrokeoutmorethanadecadeago,markedbyacollapsingcurrency,soaringpricesandfuelshortages.Hospitalswererunninglowonsupplies.TheU.N.saidlastmonththat15millionofSyria’s22millionpeoplewereinneedofhumanitarianaid.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exodus”meaninparagraph3?A.Emigration. B.Innocence.C.Immigration. D.Commitment.6.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutSyria?A.Thelivingcostwasprettylow.B.Itwasprosperousbeforetheearthquakes.C.Theweatherwasfinebeforetheearthquakes.D.Mosquesandchurcheshelpeddisplacedfamilies.7.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Raisingaproblemforlatersolution.B.Aconclusionofthewholearticle.C.Anintroductiontothemaintopic.D.Thebackgroundinformationofthestory.8.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Syriaisacursedplace.B.Syriansdon’tlikerainyandsnowydays.C.InternationalgroupsofferedhelptoSyria.D.TheearthquakehasdeepenedsufferingofSyrians.(2023·昆明“三诊一模”质检)Adadsayshe’sbuiltaspecialbondwithhistwo－year－olddaughterafterrunningaseriesoflongdistanceraceswithherstrapped(用带子系)tohisback.ChrisGreenbank,36,astonemason(石匠)fromStockport,GreaterManchester,evenmanagedtocompleteahalfmarathoncarryingtheyoungsterinaspecialhikingcarrier.Thesinglefather,whohassufferedfromanxietyinthepast,hasbeenraisingmoneytomentalhealthsupportgroupProject23.Thegroup,whichhelpspeoplewithanxietyandmentalhealthproblems,wassetupbyChris’sfriendMarkSproston.Chris’slatest,Runnorthwestsfestive10kinCheshire,washisfourthraceandhesays,possiblytheirlast,asthekidmaybetooheavyinspring.Besides,Chrishadbeenalittleworriediftheweatherwouldbetoochillyforhisdaughter.“Nomatterhowdifficultitis,IwanttogetusbothafestiveChristmasmedalbeforeitgetstoocold.”Headded,“Wehavefourmedalsnowandwehaverun51kmintotal.”InOctoberChristookjustunderthreehourstocompletetheManchesterHalfMarathonwithhisdaughteronhisback.Thedadsayshislittlegirlrestedherhandonhisshoulderandkeptitthereforthewholedurationoftherun.Hesaid,“Ourbondisn’tsomethingyoucanevenputintowords.Myheartisfull.”Chris,whosaysexerciseisanimportantpartofpositivementalhealth,believesthereshouldbenoreasonwhypeoplecan’texercisebecausetheyhavekids.ThepairalsorantheWilmslow10kinJulythisyearandChesterZoo10kinOctober.Chrissaysofhisdaughter,“Shelovesit,andtheyarelikeminiadventures.”9.WhatdoweknowaboutProject23?A.ItwasfoundedbyChrisGreenbank.B.Ithasorganized4marathonevents.C.Ithelpspeoplewithpsychologicalproblems.D.Itoffersmedicalcaretothedisabled.10.WhydidChrisruntheraceinCheshirewithhisdaughter?A.Toshowthepublichisrunningskills.B.TowinamedalfortheirChristmas.C.Toraisemoneyforhisseriousillness.D.Todevelophishabitofdoingsports.11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeChris?A.Caringandloving.B.Frankanddemanding.C.Ambitiousandparticular.D.Generousandoutgoing.12.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tointroducewaystorelieveanxiety.B.Toshowtrainingmethodsofrunning.C.Toinvolvereadersincharityactivities.D.Toshareastoryofafatherandadaughter.A篇Para.1：seeminglyadv.表面上看来unmannedadj.无人驾驶的versionn.变体，版本alternativefuels代用燃料Para.3：datan.数据B篇Para.2：inthefreezingnightair在寒冷的夜晚的空气中Para.3：economiccrisis经济危机Para.6：overwhelmv.征服，压倒residentn.居民C篇Para.1：buildaspecialbond建立一种特殊的联系Para.5：durationn.持续时间Para.7：adventuren.冒险；奇遇A篇译文：它们提供的天空之眼可以帮助研究人员更好地理解我们所生活的自然世界中发生了什么。三、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题【热点考向一】文章出处/类别题——内容细节巧判断【典例1】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90－100，A;80－89，B;70－79，C;60－69，D;Below60，E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse：Essay1＝10%;Essay2＝15%;Essay3＝15%;Essay4＝20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard，ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.自主解答：________【典例2】(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair－raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting...27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】【典例1】根据文章标题GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature以及Essays(60%)下的thegradeforthiscourse和GroupAssignments(30%)下的Allthe...ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem可推知，本文是对一个文学入门课程评分规则的详细介绍。【典例2】根据第一段中的“InWickenden’sbook,sheexpanded...feminism”和“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.”以及第二段的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本文介绍了Wickenden的一本书。【关键点拨】文章出处或者类别题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和主题来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报刊、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章特点对号入座，选出最佳选项。【热点考向二】作者身份/读者对象题——主题措辞找对象【典例3】(2021·全国乙卷阅读D)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanewsreporter.B.He’sanofficemanager.C.He’saprofessionaldesigner.D.He’sapublishedwriter.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】通过关键信息：“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.”可以推测出作者的身份。【关键点拨】推断作者身份或读者对象其实就是解决“谁写的”和“写给谁”的问题。考生可以通过文中出现的人称、作品以及外在评价判断作者身份；确定读者对象要从文章主题和文章措辞来判断。【随堂演练】(2023·辽宁名校联盟质检)Manypeopletrytomakesocietychangeforthebetter.Therealchallengeishowtogetgoodsolutionstoscaleup(按比例放大)formajorchange.Newresearchsuggeststhatsocialchangemaydependontherelationshipbetweenbeneficialbehaviorsandpolicies.Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanaccomplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.Theresearchersstudiedabehaviorthatbenefitsgroups,butdoesnotspreadwithoutpolicysupport,suchasacostlymeasuretorelievetheeffectsofclimatechange.Theycreatedamathematicalmodel,whichsimulates(模拟)asocietywhereagentsliveingroupsandadoptthebeneficialbehaviorofpeers.Thatbehavior,giventherightconditions,canspreadlikeavirus,butnotiftheinstitutionalcostsaretoohigh.“Large－scalesocialchangeisnotjustpolicyorbehavior,buttheemergenceofanewself－reinforcing(自我强化)systemthatcombinesboth.Thisallowsustoasknewquestions,suchas‘howwouldanewpatternofbehaviorandpolicyspread？’”saysLaurentHébert－Dufresne,leadauthoronthestudy.Theresultsshowedthatbothbehavioralchangeandpolicychangearerequiredtoachievelarge－scalesocialchange—andthattheyneedtohappentogether.Thoughneithercangetthejobdoneonitsown,policychangeisespeciallycritical.Theyfoundthatsometimesthebeneficialbehaviorcanspreadtoofar.Insomecases,thespreadofbehaviorbeyondgroupswithsupportingpolicycanreduceitsperceivedsuccessandslowthespreadofthepolicy,therebylimitingbeneficialsocialchangeoverall.Infutureresearch,theteamaimstoapplythesetypesofmodelstoallsortsofbeneficialsocialchange,particularlythechallengeoftacklingclimatechange.1.Whatfactormaydeterminesocialchangeaccordingtotheresearch?A.Beneficialbehavior.B.Goodpolicies.C.Publicawareness.D.Rulesandbeneficialaction.2.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Tounderstandwhatsocialchangeis.B.Tofigureoutthewaysocietychanges.C.Toaccomplishtransformativesocialchanges.D.Totacklethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.3.Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A.Puttheoryintopractice.B.Writeessaysabouttheirstudy.C.Takechallengesofclimatechange.D.Dosurveysontheirresearchsubject.4.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Travel. B.Amusement.C.Society. D.Economy.(2023·武汉市第一中学高三模拟)I’vealwaysdislikedthetermhomework.Surelyhomeiswherewerest,refresh,recreate—inthetruestsense,it’swherewedon’twork.Whatsortofmessagehavewesentouryoungpeoplealltheseyearsbyrequiringthemtoworknotonlyatschoolbutathome?Nowondertheydon’tpreferhomework.Atmyschool,wehavekepttheoldernameforhomework：prep(ortousethefullnameandhighlightitstruepurpose：preparation).Prepisdesignedtohelpchildrenprepareforthenextlesson.Anumberofshorttaskscanbepartofprepthesedays：aYouTubeclip,ashortfilmmadebyateacher,amaporpicturetolookat.Somethingvisualoftensuitsthechildwho,bytheendofabusyschoolday,ismentallytired.Prepcanstillconsistofconsolidationexercisesbutbasedonpastexperience,apracticalmethodshouldbethatthesearenotasmanyastobedemandingandshouldbeadjustedtosuitthechild’sneeds.SomewrittenworkmayberequestedbutIwouldhopethatitwouldbeashortpieceorevenasampleparagraph.“Writeanessay...”comeswithstringsattachedandusuallytakesratherlongerthanthepreptimeneeded.Ensurethatachild’sworkspaceathomeistidy,quietanduninterruptedbydevicesthatarenotbeingusedforstudy.OntabletsorPCsinuseforhomework,turnoffthenotificationsorremoveanyappsyoufeelareadistraction.Keepaneyeon,butnotaphysicalpresencein,theworkspaceuntilyouknowyourchildistrulyself－sufficientintermsoffocusandpaceofwork.Finally,IadviseparentstocoachchildrenintheNikeapproach：“Justdoit.”Intruththisisgenerallymorefavouredbyboysthangirls,wholovewastingtimearrangingthemanycolouredpensandcrispstationery.Helpyourdaughterreleaseherinnerboy,grabapen,gettheworkdone,crossouterrorswithonestraightlinesothattheteachercanseethethoughtprocess,finish,packthebagfortomorrow,andgoouttoplay!5.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhathomeis.B.Toexplainwhathomeworkis.C.Toexplainwhychildrendon’tlikehomework.D.Toexplainwhytheauthordoesn’tlikethetermhom