2024届高三广东省高三下学期一模英语试卷（解析版）

广东省一模测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometoWSULibraries!Inthisguide,we’llunlockthemysteriesofcallnumbersandlocationprefixes.Knowingthesehelpsyouquicklylocateandaccessyourdesiredbooks.CallNumbersBooksandmaterialarearrangedonourshelvesaccordingtotheLibraryofCongress(LC)classificationsystem.Thesecallnumbersuniquelyidentifyandorganizeitemsnearothermaterialonthesameorsimilarsubjects.Considerthecallnumber:LB2395C651991.♦LBdefinesthesubjectarea.Thecalllettersaretypicallyarrangedinalphabetical(字母的)order,startingfromAandcontinuingthroughthealphabet.Knowingtheletter(s)foryoursubjectareagivesyouaplacetostartbrowsingtheshelves.Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.Formore,clickhere.♦2395istheclassificationnumber,whichfurtherdistinguishesthesubjectmatter.Readasawholenumber:1,2,3,45,100,2430.♦C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小数).♦1991istheyearofpublication.LocationPrefixesSomecallnumbershavealocationprefix.Locationprefixesmeanthatthebookormaterialisshelvedinaspecialplace,andmayhaveloanrestrictions.WSUusesthefollowingprefixes:1.Whichbookmaybeidentifiedunderthecallnumber“NU238C7192013”?A.AnIntroductiontoModernArt. B.TheABCofComputerscience.C.TheRecyclingofwasteoils. D.AshortHistoryofFrance.2.WhatwouldbetheCutternumberifyouarelookingforabookbyWhitneySherman?A.C78. B.S53. C.W67. D.L59.3.Wherecanyoufindthebook“RESAG243G871992”?A.0nthe2ndor4thfloorofthelibrary.B.IntheReferenceAreaonthe1stfloor.C.IntheCirculationAreaonthe1stfloor.D.AttheLearningResourcesCenteronthe2ndfloor.【答案】1A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述的是WSU图书馆使用指南的说明文。它详细解释了如何利用图书馆的藏书系统，特别是如何通过书目的索书号和位置前缀来快速定位并获取所需的书籍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章CallNumbers部分中的“Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.(例如：A.一般作品；B.哲学、心理学、宗教；D.世界历史；G.地理；H.社会科学；J.政治学；K.定律；L.教育；M.音乐；N.艺术；P.语言文学；Q.科学。)”可知，索书号N代表了艺术类书籍，A选项“AnIntroductiontoModernArt.(现代艺术概论)”的索书号可能为“NU238C7192013”。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章CallNumbers部分中的“♦C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小数).(C65是卡特号，通常代表作者的姓氏。先找到C，然后找到65。这个号码需要作为小数来读取。)”可判断，如果想找WhitneySherman的书，我们可以使用卡特号索引，用作者的姓氏开头字母S。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章表格中的Res部分中的“1stfloor,CirculationArea”可知，Res开头的索书号存放在图书馆一楼CirculationArea；书号为“RESAG243G871992”的书可以图书馆一楼CirculationArea找到。故选C。BALetterfromWillaCathertoPresidentTomasMasarykHonoredsir,Yourletter,senttomethroughyourLegationatWashington,confersuponmegreathonorandgivesmegreatpleasure.IamgladtohavecarriedamessagefromtheBohemian(波希米亚)neighbors,whomIgrewupwith,totheirhomecountryoftheCzechRepublic.IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.Ihavethegoodfortunetopreserverelationswithmostofmycharacters.“Antonia”andhersplendidchildrenarefleshandbloodrealities.EverytimeIgobacktothem,Ifeelhowmuchmoreinterestingandlovabletheyarethanmypictureofthem.IwishIcouldpresentthemtoyouinperson.IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(传记的)material.Iavoidbiographers,askingthemtowaituntilIgetmyworkfurtheralong.Myfirstnovelwaspublishedin1912,andaperiodoftwelveyearsishardlylongenoughforawritertofindtheformbestsuitedforwriting.IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.Iamabletosendyouaverygoodphotographtakenrecently.Iencloseashortbiographicalaccountwhichmypublishersuseforpublicitypurposes,andsomecasualreviews.Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.Ibegyou,PresidentMasaryk,tobelieveinmygratefulappreciationofyourletter.Respectfullyyours,WillaCather4.WhoisAntonia?A.Adirectorofamovie. B.Acharacterinabook.C.Cather’srelativeinNewYork. D.Cather’sneighborfromBohemia.5.Whatdoestheauthorneedforamostsuitablewritingstyleaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Time. B.Youth. C.Publishers’advice. D.Financialsupport.6.Whatdoeswritingabiographymeantotheauthoraccordingtoparagraph4?A.Aninspirationtoherreaders. B.Arecordofherachievements.C.Awindowintoawriter’sworld. D.Anendpointinawriter’scareer.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A.TorebuildherBohemianconnection. B.Todeclinethepresident’srequest.C.Toexplainherphilosophyofwriting. D.Toappreciatethepresident’sinterest.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一封应用文。文章介绍了美国作家WillaCather礼貌谢绝TomasMasaryk总统索要详尽的个人传记资料的请求。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.(我刚刚回到纽约，在那里我有幸带着我的书MyAntonia中活生生的“安东尼娅”安妮·帕维尔卡和她的六个孩子去看了《迷失的女人》的第一场放映)”可知，Antonia是书中的人物。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.(我开始写作的时候并不年轻，虽然生活是写作的一个很好的准备，但我确实需要更多的时间来掌握一种简单而谦虚的方式来展示我的作品，无论我多么清楚我想展示什么)”可知，作者表达了拒绝的遗憾，并解释她需要时间去完善写作风格。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.(传记通常是在作家无话可说的时候开始出现的，而我却不觉得时机已经到了)”可推知，写传记对作者来说意味着作家生涯的终点。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(传记的)material.(很遗憾，我不能满意地满足您对传记资料的要求)”以及文章内容可知，这封信的目的是谢绝Masaryk总统索要详尽的个人传记资料的请求。为此，作者首先感谢总统的来信；分享与过去的人和小说中的人物联系的喜悦；解释不能提供传记材料的原因；附上一张近照和一段简短的传记以示对该请求的尊重和感激。故选B。CIfyou’venoticedyou’regettinglesswhileyourbillalmoststaysthesame,it’snotjustyou.“Shrinkflation”—reducingaproduct’ssizeorquantitywhilekeepingitspricestable—isshowingupinshopsaroundtheworld.Astheglobaleconomystruggleswithinflation(通货膨胀),risingmaterialcostsandhigherhumancost,consumersarebearingtheincreasingproductionprices.“Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,”saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers“lesspainful”.Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.“Shoppersdon’thaveachoice.Theyhavetoadaptthemselvestothechanges,”addsStiving.Therearerareexceptions,butcompaniesgenerallytaketheopportunitytogetmoreprofits.Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.Somegrocersareusingstickerstoremindshoppersofshrinkflation,butstill,it’satoughhittothebottomline—especiallybecausethepriceofproductsgenerallydoesn’tfallasinflationdoes.Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.8.Whydoesshrinkflationmakeconsumers“lesspainful”accordingtoStiving?A.Shrinkflationreduceshumancost.B.Shrinkflationraisespurchasingpower.C.Consumersbecomemoreawareofsize.D.Consumersexperiencelittleincreaseincost.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theconcernsofshoppers. B.Theinterestsofcompanies.C.Theimpactofshrinkflation. D.Thephenomenonofinflation.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheshrinkflationinparagraph4?A.Favorable. B.Objective.C.Dismissive. D.Unclear.11.Whatshouldconsumersdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Drawabottomline. B.Putwarningstickers.C.Choosesmallerpacks. D.Makeaconsciousdecision.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一种经济学现象：缩水式通货膨胀，及其原因和影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,’saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers‘lesspainful’.(Impactpricing的首席定价教育专家MarkStiving表示：‘当尺寸减小时，消费者更有可能注意到他们的购买对他们钱包的影响，而不是产品损失的数量。’因此，企业利用缩水式通胀让消费者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的减少，消费者更关注价格的波动，因此，缩水式通货膨胀来使消费者成本几乎没有增加，从而“不那么痛苦”，故选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合前两句“Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.(然而，即使缩水式通胀伴随着通胀而来，问题也不会在通胀结束后才结束。一旦新尺码上市，它们很可能会一直保持这种状态)”可知，本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响，即产品的尺寸一旦减少，后续可能很难再变回来，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.(对许多公司来说，缩水式通胀似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消费者对价格高度敏感的食品行业，提高价格可能会让消费者跳槽到另一个品牌。但是面对持续的通货膨胀，公司不得不做些什么来维持他们的利润。把产品的尺寸缩小一点可以使他们在保持价格竞争力的同时提高利润。但是，一旦客户注意到这种变化，他们可能会觉得自己被愚弄了，从而导致信任和信心的丧失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素，对许多公司来说缩水式通货膨胀是无法避免的，这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者可能会感觉受到了欺骗，导致信任和信心的丧失。因此，作者对于缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的，既指出了其带来的问题，也指出了其对公司的好处，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.(消费者在购物时可能需要理智地检查价格和尺码，并确保自己不会落入货架上超大尺码的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸，确保自己不会陷入价格陷阱。因此，消费者应该做出明智的决定，故选D。DWelearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?AstudyledbyMarkusPaulus,professoratLoyolaMarymountUniversity,showsthattheabilityhasitsrootsinearliestchildhood.“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings,”saysMarkusPaulus.Inthisresearch,Paulusrecordedtheinteractionbetweenmotherandchildoverseveralmonths.Thebabiescameintothelabforthefirsttimeattheageof6months,whiletheirfinalvisitwaswhentheywere18monthsold.Astheyengagedinvariousplaysituations,theinteractionsandimitationsofmotherandchildwereanalyzed.Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.Paulus’researchshowsthatmutualimitationisthekeystoneofknowledgetransfer,throughwhichchildrensuccessfullylearnvariousskills,suchashowtouseobjects,wavingandacquisitionoflanguage.“Thisinteractionisthenucleusoflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman,”saysPaulus.“Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”12.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofwheels?A.Topraisetheinventionofcarwheels. B.Todescribetheprocessoftrialanderror.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofnewtools. D.Toshowtheimportanceofpriorknowledge.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulus’research?A.Children’simitationwasrecordedbymothers.B.Sensitivemothersencouragedchildren’simitation.C.Children’sabilitywasanalyzedthroughinteraction.D.Effectiveinteractionpromotedchildren’sdevelopment.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nucleus”meaninparagraph4?A.Core. B.Result. C.Aim. D.Content.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhydoesEvolutionMatter? B.HowtoInteractwithChildren?C.Imitation:TheEngineofEvolution D.CulturalLearning:TheRootofImitation【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了模仿对于人际互动，学习和人类文明演进的重要性。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Welearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?(我们通过几千年积累的知识来了解世界。站在伟人的肩膀上，我们不必经历无尽的尝试和错误，就像汽车的轮子不必每次都重新发明一样。但是我们向别人学习的能力从何而来呢？)”和第二段“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings(人们通常认为孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根据我们的观察，孩子模仿是因为他们自己被照顾者模仿。这种相互作用使知识的文化转移成为可能，通过几代人的努力，知识的文化转移最终导致了人类的发展)”可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了强调先前知识的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行研究和试验。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.(这项长期研究表明，母亲在与6个月大的孩子互动时越敏感，她模仿孩子的次数越多，孩子在18个月大时的整体能力就越强)”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子的发育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进了孩子们的发展。故选D。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“oflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman”可知，这种相互作用最终导致了人类进化的成功，说明是学习的核心，故划线词意思是“核心”。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”(“文化学习是人类进化的重要组成部分，它植根于对他人的模仿，尤其是我们童年早期的照顾者，”保卢斯说。“通过这种方式，我们相互学习，并将知识传授给下一代，因此某些动作或技术不必不断地重新发明。”)”结合文章主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.___16___Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.Musicemergesasapromisingtoolforpromotingwell-beingoftheelderly.Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.___17___singinganddancingtomusicwithothersisnotonlyfunbutalsoimprovesmood.Musicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreducestressbecausetheytakeourmindsoffproblems.Theyalsohelpusfeellesslonelyandmoreconnectedwithotherpeople.___18___Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.Finally,musiccontributestokeepingourthinkingskillssharp.Itmakesourbrainsworkhardinuniquewaystounderstandtherhythmandmelody.___19___Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(认知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.___20___A.Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.B.Recallinghappymemoriescanliftourmoodonabadday.C.Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.D.Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.E.Howeveritofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.F.Theabilitytoformnewmemoriesisessentialforprocessinginformation.G.Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是音乐对于老年人身心健康的好处，音乐能够引起强烈的情感和愉悦感、音乐活动有助于减轻压力、音乐能够触发记忆以及音乐有助于保持思维敏锐。【16题详解】根据空后“Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.(在一个快速老龄化的社会中，找到预防相关精神和情感障碍的方法变得至关重要。)”可知，老年人情感方面会产生问题。选项E“However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.(然而，它通常涉及一系列身体和精神上的挑战。)”指出变老会在身体和心理上出现问题，与空前内容“Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.(变老意味着更加成熟和智慧。)”形成转折，同时自然引出下文内容，符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据空前内容“Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.(音乐有一种巨大的力量，能引起强烈的情感和强烈的快乐。)”可知，音乐能够引起强烈的情感和快乐。选项D“Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.(这有助于人们在抑郁或焦虑时感觉好一些。)”中的“this”指的正是上文提到的音乐所具有的力量，而这种力量能让人们在抑郁或焦虑时感觉好一些。故选D。【18题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文“Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.(一首歌可能成为某一特定时刻的配乐，比如很久以前你和朋友一起参加的一个愉快的聚会。听那首歌会让你想起那时候所有的快乐回忆。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是音乐可以让你想起曾经的快乐的回忆。选项A“Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.(音乐也可以打开被遗忘的记忆之门。)”指的是音乐可以让我们想起曾经的记忆，与本段内容相符，适合作为主旨句，引领下文。故选A。【19题详解】根据下文“Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(认知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.(例如，在认知任务中，暴露在背景音乐中，特别是古典音乐，被证明可以改善老年人的认知过程，如处理速度和工作记忆。)”可知，下文例子想要表达的是置身于音乐之中就可以改善老年人的认知过程。选项C“Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.(即使是被动听音乐也能帮助老年人更好地思考。)”与下文内容一致，指的是音乐可以提高老年人的思维能力。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.(总之，音乐是对抗与衰老相关的情感和认知问题的有力工具。这是一项令人愉快的社交活动，任何人都可以参加，无论他们的背景或以前的音乐经历如何。)”可知，本段是全文的总结，指出音乐是延缓老年人衰老的重要方式。选项G“Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.(因此，这种可获得的干预措施应成为健康老龄化的主要政策优先事项。)”是上文内容的总结，指出既然音乐可以延缓老年人衰老，那么我们可以让这种干预措施成为健康老龄化的主要政策优先事项。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。SummerClaytonmaynothavechildreninreallife,buthe’s“aprouddad”to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet.Everyweek,hesitsdowntodinnerandhasa___21___chatwithhis“kids”.Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.He___22___themhowtoshave,andremindsthemit’sOKtobe___23___whenlifehurts.Tosome,hisone-wayconversationsmayseem___24___.Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鸣)amongpeoplewho___25___afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___26___inthedailylife.Claytonisacivilianfitnesstrainerinreallife.Hestarted___27___ontheInternetinlate2020withinspirationalandhow-tovideos,and___28___jokinglycalledhim“dad”.Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to—a___29___tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,“HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?”Thevideo____30____,earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours.Clayton’sextendedfamilycomesinall____31____.Manyofhis“kids”areoldenoughtobehisparents.Clayton’s____32____doesn’tseemtobotherhisfans.At58,SarahD’ImperiomaynotseemlikeClayton’stargetaudience,butshebelievesthatit’sa(n)____33____idea,especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父亲的)rolemodelthatlistensorhas____34____tolisten.“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto____35____asmallpartofthatroleforanyone,”shesays.21.A.quick B.formal C.secret D.virtual22.A.trains B.convinces C.teaches D.supports23.A.painful B.peaceful C.shameful D.hopeful24A.dull B.tough C.silly D.brief25.A.find B.need C.admit D.start26.A.decisions B.hobbies C.excuses D.troubles27.A.posting B.profiting C.searching D.donating28.A.critics B.followers C.experts D.reporters29.A.suggestion B.promise C.reward D.response30.A.caughtup B.cameout C.blewup D.heldout31.A.places B.ages C.types D.classes32.A.faith B.experience C.youth D.appearance33.A.brilliant B.ambitious C.complicated D.abstract34.A.luck B.time C.energy D.honor35.A.value B.create C.define D.fill【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了SummerClayton虽然在现实世界中没有孩子，但他通过在网上扮演父亲的形象和孩子说话，发布了许多具有启发性、指导性的的视频，成为网上280万人的“骄傲爸爸”。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每周，他都会坐下来吃饭，并与他的“孩子们”进行虚拟聊天。A.quick快速的；B.formal正规的；C.secret秘密的；D.virtual虚拟的。根据上文中的“he’s‘aprouddad’to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet”和下文中的“Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.(他看着镜头，询问他们一天的情况。)”可知，他在网上和“孩子们”进行虚拟聊天。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他教他们如何刮胡子，并提醒他们在生活造成伤害时痛苦是正常的。A.trains训练；B.convinces使相信；C.teaches教；D.supports支持。根据下文中的“Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to”可知，他教“孩子们”如何刮胡子。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.painful困难的，令人痛苦的；B.peaceful和平的；C.shameful丢脸的；D.hopeful抱有希望的。根据空后的“whenlifehurts”可知，在生活中受伤时，感到痛苦是没什么的。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，他的单向对话可能看起来很愚蠢。A.dull枯燥无味的；B.tough艰难的；C.silly傻的，愚蠢的；D.brief短暂的。根据下句But可知，前后句之间是转折关系。根据下句“Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鸣)amongpeoplewho___5___afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___6___inthedailylife.”可知，他的努力在一些人当中能够引起共鸣，再结合常识可知，他单方面的对话可能在一些人看来很愚蠢。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在需要一个父亲形象或者只是一个在日常生活中倾听他们烦恼的人的那些人当中——他的努力引起了共鸣。A.find发现；B.need需要；C.admit承认；D.start开始。根据空后的“afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___6___inthedailylife”和下文中的“especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父亲的)rolemodel”可知，这些人需要一个父亲形象，或一个在日常生活中倾听他们烦恼的人。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.decisions决定；B.hobbies爱好；C.excuses借口；D.troubles问题，苦恼。根据上文“Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.”和空前的“listenstotheir”可知，这里指倾听他们在日常生活中的烦恼。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年末，他开始在互联网上发布具有启发性和指导性视频，粉丝们开玩笑地称他为“爸爸”。A.posting发布；B.profiting获益；C.searching搜索；D.donating捐赠。根据句中的“withinspirationalandhow-tovideos”可知，这里指的是在网上发布视频。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.critics批评家；B.followers追随者，拥护者；C.experts专家；D.reporters记者。根据上文中的“he’s‘aprouddad’to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet”可知，他是网上280万人的“爸爸”，由此可知，他的粉丝们（追随者）称呼他“爸爸”。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的第一段疯传的视频是一段如何刮胡子的视频——这是对一个给他发信息的人的回应，这个人问道，“嘿，爸爸，你能教我刮胡子吗？”A.suggestion建议；B.promise承诺；C.reward奖励；D.response回答，反应。根据空后的“tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,‘HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?’”可知，网上有人问他能否教刮胡子，作为回应，他出了一段如何刮胡子的视频。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个视频大火，在几个小时内为他赢得了数万名新粉丝。A.caughtup赶上；B.cameout出来，出现；C.blewup爆发；D.heldout坚持。根据句中的“earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours”可知，这个视频在几小时内就涨粉上万人，所以是火爆了。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Clayton的大家庭来自各个年龄段。A.places地方；B.ages年龄；C.types类型；D.classes班级。根据下文中的“Manyofhis‘kids’areoldenoughtobehisparents.(他的许多‘孩子’都大到足以当他的父母了。)”可知，他的“孩子们”年龄不同。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Clayton的年轻似乎并不困扰他的粉丝。A.faith信心；B.experience经验；C.youth年轻；D.appearance外表。根据上文中的“Manyofhis‘kids’areoldenoughtobehisparents.(他的许多‘孩子’都大到足以当他的父母了。)”可知，有些粉丝的年纪比Clayton大，但Clayton的年轻并没有困扰粉丝。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：58岁的SarahD’Imperio看起来可能不是Clayton的目标观众，但她相信这是一个极好的主意，尤其是对于那些可能没有父亲榜样倾听或有时间倾听的年轻人来说。A.brilliant巧妙的，极好的；B.ambitious有抱负的；C.complicated复杂的；D.abstract抽象的。根据下文中的“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto___15___asmallpartofthatroleforanyone”可知，她认为Clayton的做法很暖心，这是一个极好的主意。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.luck运气；B.time时间；C.energy能量；D.honor荣誉。结合前面的“maynothaveapaternal(父亲的)rolemodel”可知，有些青少年的生活中没有能够倾听他们或者匀出时间倾听他们的父亲角色。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“看到有人试图为任何人扮演这个角色的一小部分，真是令人暖心。”A.value珍惜；B.create创造；C.define给……下定义；D.fill装满，填满，担任。根据上文中的“youngsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父亲的)rolemodel”可知，有些人的生活中没有可靠的父亲角色，而Clayton为这些人扮演了一小部分父亲角色。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BornintoanethnicMiaofamilyinruralGuizhouProvince,ZhangwasexposedfromayoungagetotherichtraditionofMiaoembroidery(刺绣)—___36___culturalcraftthathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.Shespentcountlesshoursasachild___37___(observe)hermotherandgrandmotherstitchingfancypatternsontofabricsbyhand.In2003,hopingtomodernizeandsharethisheritage,sheopenedherfirstclothingshopintheprovincialcapital.Adecadelater,Zhang___38___(establish)herownclothingbrandfocusedoncombiningtraditionalChinese-styleqipaodresseswithcolorfulcustomizedembroiderypatterns.“WehavetrainedhundredsoflocalMiaowomenintheancientneedleworktechniques,”Zhang___39___(proud)remarked.“Theclothinglinecelebratestheirbreathtakinghandiwork,___40___Ihopeadvancesmyhomevillage’srevitalization.”Her___41___(com