2023届广东省梅州市大埔县高三下学期二模英语试题（解析版）

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语冲刺卷(二)本试卷共120分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFeaturesEditorWearelookingforatalentedfeatureseditortojoinourteam.Weareespeciallykeentohearfromthosewithaspecialismintechnologyandconsumerhealth.ThisroleisbasedinLondon,butcouldpotentiallybeworkedremotelyfromtheUS.MainResponsibilities:●Developideasforcommissionandeditatleast23timelyandcompellingfeatureseachyear●Buildcontactswithwritersandscientiststomakesurewe’recommissioningthebest,mostattractiveandup-to-datebiological-medicalscienceandtechnologystories●Monitortrafficstatisticsandsubscriptionsdata●WorkcloselywiththeartanddesignteamtomakeourfeaturesattractiveandworkwiththedigitalteamtocomeupwiththebestwaytosellourstoriesondigitalplatformsPersonSpecification:●Significanteditingexperienceatapopularsciencepublicationorsimilar●Excellentwritingandeditingskills●Excellentknowledgeofthecuttingedge,andademonstrableexperienceofsciencejournalism●Greatrelationshipswithscientistsandwriters●Adegreeinascienceortechnology,ideally,andapassionateinterestinbothscienceandtechnology●AgoodabilitytoworktogetherwithothersPackageDescription:Inreturnforemployees’energyandideas,weensureourpeoplearewellrewarded.Thelongerarewithus,themorebenefitsyouwillget.Here’swhattoexpect:●29days’holiday●Uponjoining,you’llbenaturallyenrolledontothePension(养老金)Plan●OurEmployeeAssistanceProgram●Discounteddiningcards●Flexibleworkingpolicy●FreegymmembershipatNorthcliffeHouseGym1.Whatshouldthefeatureseditordo?A.Managethedesignteam. B.Offermarketingstrategies.C.Updatesubscriptionsdata. D.Interviewexpertsregularly.2.Whatisoneoftherequirementsfortheposition?A.Strongleadership. B.Adegreeinediting.C.Greateditingability. D.Goodtimemanagementskills.3.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofgettingtheposition?A.Freemeals. B.Flexibleholidays.C.Asecureretirement. D.Bettermedicalservices.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则编辑招聘启事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MainResponsibilities:部分最后一点“Workcloselywiththeartanddesignteamtomakeourfeaturesattractiveandworkwiththedigitalteamtocomeupwiththebestwaytosellourstoriesondigitalplatforms(与美术和设计团队密切合作，让我们的功能更具吸引力，并与数字团队合作，想出在数字平台上销售故事的最佳方式)”可知，该岗位应聘者提供优秀的营销策略。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PersonSpecification:部分第二点“Excellentwritingandeditingskills(优秀的写作和编辑能力)”可知，该岗位应聘者需要具备很优秀的编辑能力。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据PackageDescription部分第二点“Uponjoining,you’llbenaturallyenrolledontothePension(养老金)Plan(加入后，你将自然而然地加入养老金计划)”可知，员工入职后就能参加养老金计划。由此可知，员工退休后的生活有保障。故选C。BIcouldnothavebeenbetterpreparedforthetalk,myfirstconferencepresentationasaPhDstudent.Ihadlearnedmyspeechbyheart,andIhadpracticedtheanswerstopotentialaudiencequestions.Thedaybeforethetalk,aloneinmyroom,Ifeltconfident.Butassoonasthemoderatorinvitedmeonstage,IfeltlikeIwaswalkingtheplank.IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhadexperiencedtoomanytimesbefore—thefearofgettingstuckbecauseofmystutter(口吃).Lookingforastrategytodealwithmystutter,IrealizedIcouldspeaksmoothlywhenIrecitedtextIhadlearnedbyheart.Butthiswasn’tarealisticapproachfortheentiretyofmyuniversitytraining.Ineededanothertool.Itriedspeechtherapy(治疗),buttheexercisesIlearnedtheredidn’tmakemuchofadifference.Tostopmystutterfromaffectingmynewcareer,Iwouldneedamoredrasticintervention.Aftermuchhesitation,Idecidedtofinallytrypsychoanalysis(心理疗法)toconfrontmydeepfeelingsofshamerelatedtomystutter.Withthehelpofmytherapist,Islowlyrealizedtherealproblemwasnotthestutteritself;itwasmyfearofstuttering.Idecidedtogetridofthatfear.IttookmeaboutayeartospitoutduringoneoftheweeklysessionsthatIlovemyselfasIam.Stutterornot,Iwasgoingtopursuemydesiredcareerinscience.MyfirstchancetotestmynewfoundconfidencebyspeakinginpublicarrivedatadepartmentalmeetingattheinstitutewhereIwasaresearchassistant.Ipresentedmydatato25or30people—andreceivedcomplimentsformyspeechfortheveryfirsttime.Ireturnedhomeexcited,relieved,and,mostofall,proud.Now,Inolongershunpublicspeaking;instead,Iactivelyseekopportunitiestobeonthestage.Itisrewardingandinspiring,andIfeelexcitedtohaveagoodstorytoshare.AndifIhappentostutteralongtheway,sobeit.4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor?A.Hehadapoormemory.B.Hewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Hewasashamedtotryanytherapy.D.Hefocusedmuchonwhetherhecouldspeaksmoothly.5.Whatreallyhelpedtheauthorsolvehisproblem?A.Speechtherapy. B.Mentaltreatment.C.Makingnewfriends. D.Talkingmorewithothers.6.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisspeechatthedepartmentalmeeting?AInstructive. B.Successful.C.Awkward. D.Ridiculous.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sstorytellus?A.Ifyouthinkyoucan,youcan.B.Theshortestanswerisdoing.C.Allthingscometothosewhowait.D.You’reunique,andnothingcanreplaceyou.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者因为口吃缺乏自信，这导致他害怕在公众场合说话，即便他做了充分的准备。作者尝试过多种方式克服口吃，但效果都不好。作者最后经过心理治疗，明白了真正的问题是自己对口吃的恐惧。从此作者坦然面对口吃，从而能在公众场合自信地表达了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段末句“IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhadexperiencedtoomanytimesbefore—thefearofgettingstuckbecauseofmystutter(口吃).(我被一种我以前经历过很多次的恐惧淹没了——害怕因为口吃而陷入困境)”及第二段首句“Lookingforastrategytodealwithmystutter,IrealizedIcouldspeaksmoothlywhenIrecitedtextIhadlearnedbyheart.(在寻找解决口吃的策略时，我意识到当我背诵熟记的课文时，我可以流利地说话)”和末句“Tostopmystutterfromaffectingmynewcareer,Iwouldneedamoredrasticintervention.(为了不让我的口吃影响到我的新事业，我需要更激烈的干预)”可知，作者总是很担心会因为口吃而没法表达并想方设法地克服口吃问题。由此可知，作者很在意自己是否能顺畅地表达。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Aftermuchhesitation,Idecidedtofinallytrypsychoanalysis(心理疗法)toconfrontmydeepfeelingsofshamerelatedtomystutter.Withthehelpofmytherapist,Islowlyrealizedtherealproblemwasnotthestutteritself;itwasmyfearofstuttering.Idecidedtogetridofthatfear.IttookmeaboutayeartospitoutduringoneoftheweeklysessionsthatIlovemyselfasIam.(犹豫了很久之后，我最终决定尝试心理疗法，来面对我因口吃而产生的深深的羞耻感。在治疗师的帮助下，我慢慢意识到真正的问题不在于口吃本身；是我对口吃的恐惧。我决定摆脱这种恐惧。我花了大约一年的时间，在一次每周一次的治疗中说出了我爱我自己)”可知，为了克服口吃问题，作者犹豫再三后，尝试了心理疗法，并最终找到了问题所在及解决方法。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Ipresentedmydatato25or30people—andreceivedcomplimentsformyspeechfortheveryfirsttime.Ireturnedhomeexcited,relieved,and,mostofall,proud.(我向25到30个人展示了我的数据——我的演讲第一次得到了别人的称赞。回到家，我兴奋、宽慰，最重要的是感到自豪)”可知，这次会议后，作者第一次因为演说而受到赞扬。他很兴奋，并松了一口气，最重要的是，他感到自豪。由此推知，作者认为他的这次表现很成功。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者因口吃而缺乏自信，害怕在公众场合说话。经过心理治疗后，作者意识到真正的问题不是口吃本身，而是自己对口吃的恐惧。意识到这一问题后，作者坦然面对口吃，从而能在公开场合自信地说话了。由此推知，作者的故事告诉我们：要相信自己，你认为自己行，你就行。故选A。CCerebralpalsy(脑瘫)isthemostcommonmotordisabilityinchildren.Thecondition,whichaffectsabout1in345children,canmakedailyactivitieslikewalking,eating,orevenliftingacupdifficult.AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside(UCR)hopestoreducethedailystruggleswithroboticclothingthatwillallowkidswithcerebralpalsytobettercontroltheirarmmovements.Wearableroboticunitstohelppeoplewithmobilityissueshavebeenaroundformanyyears.However,theyarerigidanduncomfortabletowear.TheUCRteamplanstouselight-weightmaterialstocreatearoboticsleevethatischeap,durable,and,mostimportantly,comfortabletowearonadailybasis.“Hardmaterialsdon’tinteractwellwithhumans,”saidJonathanRealmuto,UCRassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineeringandprojectlead.“Whatwe’regoingforbyusingmaterialslikenylonandelasticareessentiallyroboticclothing.”Thescientistsenvisiontheroboticsleevestohavesealedareasthatcanbeinflated.Whenfilledwithair,theywouldbecometemporarilyrigidandprovidetheforceneededformovement.Theclothingwillbefittedwithsensorstodetectsmallmusclecontractionsandanticipatewhatthewearerwantstodo.Theinflatedbladders(气囊)willthenhelpmovethearmtocompletetheintendedaction.“Ifwecanhelpkidsbrushtheirownteeth,pourwateroropendoors,actionsthatotherstakeforgranted,it’sahugewinforthem,”Realmutosaid.“Andit’salsoahugewinfortheirfamiliesandcaretakers.”TheUCRengineersarenottheonlyonesworkingonsoftroboticclothingtohelpthosewithmotordisabilities.SanFrancisco-basedstartupCIONICisonasimilarmission.Thecompany’sfirstproduct,theCIONICNeuralSleeve,isdesignedtoimprovemobilityforpeoplewithconditionslikecerebralpalsy,multiplesclerosis,andstroke.JeremiahRobison,thefounderofCIONIC,wasinspiredtodeveloptheproductafterseeinghisdaughterstrugglewithcerebralpalsy.8.Whatisthedisadvantageofpreviousroboticclothing?A.Theyareuncomfortabletowear.B.Theyarenoteasytocarryaround.C.Theyaren’tenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Theyaren’taffordableformostfamilies.9.Whatimprovementisbeingmadetotheexistingroboticclothing?A.Easyoperation. B.Adjustabledesign.C.Softmaterial. D.Simplestructure.10.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Whybladdersareneededinthenewunit.B.Howtheimprovedroboticclothingworks.C.Whatmaterialisusedintheroboticsleeves.D.Whatdifficultycerebralpalsypatientshave.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.TheUCRisteamingupwiththeCIONIC.B.Softroboticclothingisanemergingindustry.C.TheCIONICNeuralSleeveisquitepopular.D.Robisonmaderoboticclothingforhisfamilyfirst.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑瘫是儿童中常见的运动障碍性疾病，它会使走路、进食、举杯子等日常活动变得困难。加州大学的研究人员正在研究一种软质机器人服装，使脑瘫儿童能够更好地控制他们的手臂运动。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wearableroboticunitstohelppeoplewithmobilityissueshavebeenaroundformanyyears.However,theyarerigidanduncomfortabletowear.”（用于帮助行动不便的人们的可穿戴机器人装置已经出现很多年了。然而，它们很硬，穿起来不舒服。）可知，以前的机器人服装它们穿起来不舒服。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句““Whatwe’regoingforbyusingmaterialslikenylonandelasticareessentiallyroboticclothing.””（“我们使用尼龙和松紧带等材料的目的，本质上是为了制造机器人服装。”）可知，UCR研究团队正在使用尼龙和弹性材料来改进机器人服装的柔软度和舒适度。故选C项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thescientistsenvisiontheroboticsleevestohavesealedareasthatcanbeinflated.Whenfilledwithair,theywouldbecometemporarilyrigidandprovidetheforceneededformovement.Theclothingwillbefittedwithsensorstodetectsmallmusclecontractionsandanticipatewhatthewearerwantstodo.Theinflatedbladders(气囊)willthenhelpmovethearmtocompletetheintendedaction.”（科学家们设想，机器人袖子上有可以充气的密封区域。当充满空气时，它们会暂时变得坚硬，并提供运动所需的力量。这种衣服将配备传感器来检测肌肉的微小收缩，并预测穿着者想要做什么。充气的膀胱将帮助移动手臂来完成预定的动作。）可知，这段主要讲了改进的机器人服装是如何工作的。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“JeremiahRobison,thefounderofCIONIC,wasinspiredtodeveloptheproductafterseeinghisdaughterstrugglewithcerebralpalsy.”（CIONIC的创始人耶利米·罗宾逊（Jeremiahrobinson）在看到自己的女儿与脑瘫作斗争后，受到启发，开发了这款产品。）可知，从最后一段我们能推断出罗宾逊首先为他的家人制作了机器人服装。故选D项。DScientistsbelievetheyhavefoundanewuseforfacialrecognitiontechnology:savinglargeoceananimalsknownasseals.ResearchersatColgateUniversityinNewYorkhavedevelopedSealNet.ThesystemisadatabaseofsealfacescreatedbytakingpicturesofmanyharborsealsinMaine’sCascoBay.Theresearchteamfoundthetool’saccuracyinidentifyingthemammalswascloseto100percent.Theresearchersareworkingonincreasingthesizeoftheirdatabasetomakeitavailabletootherscientists,saidKristaIngram.SheisabiologyprofessoratColgateandateammember.IncreasingthedatabasetoincluderarespeciessuchastheMediterraneanmonksealandHawaiianmonksealcouldhelptosavethosespecies,Ingramsaid.Creatingalistofsealfacesandusingmachinelearningtoidentifythemcanalsohelpscientistsknowwhereintheoceansealsare.Ingramsaid,“Formarinemammalsthatmovearoundalotandarehardtophoto-graphinthewater,weneedtobeabletoidentifyindividuals.”SealNetisdesignedtoidentifythefaceinapicture.Itrecognizestheseal’sfacebasedoninformationrelatedtotheeyesandnoseshape.AsimilartoolcalledPrimNetthatisforuseonprimates(灵长类),hadbeenusedonsealsearlier,butSealNetperformedbetter,theColgateresearcherssaid.Sealsandotheroceanmammalshavelongbeenstudiedusingsatellitetechnology.Usingartificialintelligencetostudythemisawaytobringconservationintothe21stcentury.“Facialrecognitiontechnologycouldprovidevaluabledata,”saidMichelleBerger,anassociatescientistattheShawInstituteinMaine.“Oncethesystemisperfected,Icanpicturelotsofinterestingenvironmentalusesfromit,”Bergersaid.“Iftheycouldrecognizeseals,andrecognizethemfromyeartoyear,thatwouldgiveuslotsofinformationaboutmovement,howmuchtheymovefromsitetosite.”12.WhatisSealNet?A.Atoolthattakespicturesofseals.B.Asystemthatrecognizesthefaceinapicture.C.Adatabasethatmonitorsthebehaviourofseals.D.Asystemthatanalyzesappearancesofvariousseaanimals.13.WhyisPrimNetmentioned?A.Toshowtheneedtosaveseals.B.ToexplaintheoriginofSealNet.C.ToemphasizethesuperiorityofSealNet.D.Toshowthedevelopmentoffacialrecognition.14.WhatdoesBergerthinkofSealNet?A.Itneedstocollectmoredataontheocean.B.Itcanbeappliedtomorefields.C.Ithelpsfindbetterlivingsitesforseals.D.Itbringsnewopportunitiestostudyotherspecies.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SealscanrecognizethemselvesinphotosB.FacialrecognitionisaneasytaskforanimalsC.ScientistsusefacialrecognitiontoprotectsealsD.Facialrecognitionmayhelpfindnewanimals【答案】12B13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究人员开发了SealNet系统。该系统建立了海豹面部数据库，这有助于人们拯救海豹。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“ThesystemisadatabaseofsealfacescreatedbytakingpicturesofmanyharborsealsinMaine’sCascoBay.(该系统是一个海豹面部数据库，通过在缅因州卡斯科湾拍摄许多海豹的照片而创建)”和第四段第一句“SealNetisdesignedtoidentifythefaceinapicture.(SealNet的设计目的是识别照片中的人脸)”可知，SealNet是一个收集了海豹的照片数据系统，它可以识别每头海豹的面部。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“AsimilartoolcalledPrimNetthatisforuseonprimates(灵长类),hadbeenusedonsealsearlier,butSealNetperformedbetter,theColgateresearcherssaid.(Colgate的研究人员说，还有一个类似的用于灵长类动物的工具叫做PrimNet，它早在海豹身上就被使用过，但SealNet的效果更好)”可知，作者提到PrimNet是为了说明新研发的SealNet的优越性。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Berger说的话“Facialrecognitiontechnologycouldprovidevaluabledata(面部识别技术可以提供有价值的数据)”和“Oncethesystemisperfected,Icanpicturelotsofinterestingenvironmentalusesfromit(一旦系统完善，我可以想象出许多有趣的环境用途)”可知，Berger认为面部识别技术可以提供有价值的数据，一旦该系统得到完善，可以想象出它在环境方面的许多有趣的用途。由此推知，Berger认为该技术可以用于更多领域。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundanewuseforfacialrecognitiontechnology:savinglargeoceananimalsknownasseals.(科学家们相信他们已经发现了面部识别技术的新用途：拯救被称为海豹的大型海洋动物)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员开发了SealNet面部识别系统。该系统建立了海豹面部数据库，这有助于人们更好地了解海豹从而拯救它们。C项“科学家使用面部识别来保护海豹”为最佳标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。I’veneverconsideredmyselfabraveperson.WhenIwasyounger,ifitwasdarkandIhadtogooutsidealonetofetchsomethingfromtheyard,Iwouldrunbackinsidelikethehoundsofhellwereonmyheels.Thenbeforeentering,Iwouldactlikenothinghadhappened.___16___Foryousee,Iprettymuchlivedinfear.Iwasafraidofpublicspeaking,afraidtosleepaloneortoevenbealoneinaroombymyself.AndIwouldjudgemyselfforbeingafraid.WhatIdidn’trealizeatthetimeisthateventhoughIwasafraid,Iwouldneverletanyoneknowit.___17___I’dfetchtheballfromtheyard,eventhoughIwasafraidofthedark.Yousee,Iwasmoreafraidofbeingviewedasacowardthanofthefearitself.Andso,IendedupdoingthosescarythingswithoutrealizingthatIwas,infact,beingcourageousforactingdespitethefear.Andnow,Irealizethatbyconsistentlychoosingtofacethefearandactinganyway,___18___Forexample,whenIusedtotalkinpublic,mylegswouldliterallyshiver.___19___ButwhenIgotuptospeak,Iwoulddomybesttohidemyfear.Overtime,Ibecameknownasapublicspeakerinmylife.Andso,thishabitofdoingwhatscaredmedespitethefearwasoneofthebesthabitsIcouldhavepossiblyformed,unconsciousasitwas.Foryousee,courageisnottheabsenceoffear.Itisnoteventheabilitytoovercomefear.Itgoesdeeperthanthat.___20___A.Andthat’sjustthestartofit.B.Myheartbeatwouldaccelerate.C.Iwoulddothethingsthatscaredme.D.Tobecourageous,oneneedstobeafraid.E.Socourageandfeararesimilartosomeextent.F.Ibecamelessandlessafraidofdoingthosethingsovertime.G.Iwouldtalktopeopleaboutmyfearandseektheirhelp.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.B20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在成长的过程中，作者虽然害怕去做一些事情，但仍会隐藏自己的恐惧去做，后来意识到去做让自己害怕的事情的习惯可能是作者养成的最好的习惯之一。【16题详解】根据上文“Thenbeforeentering,Iwouldactlikenothinghadhappened.(然后在进去之前，我会装作什么都没发生过)”及下文“Foryousee,Iprettymuchlivedinfear.(因为你知道，我几乎生活在恐惧中)”可知，第一段讲述了作者儿时害怕黑暗的事情，空后继续讲述其他的恐惧。由此可知，选项A项“Andthat’sjustthestartofit.(而这仅仅是开始)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】根据上文“WhatIdidn’trealizeatthetimeisthateventhoughIwasafraid,Iwouldneverletanyoneknowit.(我当时没有意识到的是，尽管我很害怕，但我永远不会让任何人知道)”及下文“I’dfetchtheballfromtheyard,eventhoughIwasafraidofthedark.(尽管我怕黑，我还是要去院子里把球捡回来)”可知，空前说作者不会让别人知道自己害怕，空后举例说自己虽然害怕黑暗，仍然会到院子里捡球。由此可知，选项C项“Iwoulddothethingsthatscaredme.(我会做那些让我害怕的事)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。【18题详解】根据上文“Andnow,Irealizethatbyconsistentlychoosingtofacethefearandactinganyway,(现在，我意识到，通过不断地选择面对恐惧和采取行动)”可知，此处应当是说明这种选择的结果，且空后举例说明了作者克服恐惧而成长。由此可知，选项F项“Ibecamelessandlessafraidofdoingthosethingsovertime.(随着时间的推移，我越来越不害怕做这些事情了)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。【19题详解】根据上文“Forexample,whenIusedtotalkinpublic,mylegswouldliterallyshiver.(例如，当我过去在公共场合讲话时，我的腿会真的发抖)”可知，此空讲述作者以前害怕时的状况。由此可知，选项B项“Myheartbeatwouldaccelerate.(我的心跳会加快)”能够衔接上文，讲述了作者以前上台前会紧张害怕，腿会发抖，心跳加速。故选B项。【20题详解】由该空格处位于该段句尾可知，为总结该段内容。根据上文“Andso,thishabitofdoingwhatscaredmedespitethefearwasoneofthebesthabitsIcouldhavepossiblyformed,unconsciousasitwas.Foryousee,courageisnottheabsenceoffear.Itisnoteventheabilitytoovercomefear.Itgoesdeeperthanthat.(所以，这种不顾恐惧去做让我害怕的事情的习惯是我可能养成的最好的习惯之一，尽管它是无意识的。因为你知道，勇气不是没有恐惧。甚至不是克服恐惧的能力。事情远不止于此)”可知，此处讲的是恐惧和勇气的关系。由此可知，选项D项“Tobecourageous,oneneedstobeafraid.(要有勇气，就得先害怕)”为全文的总结，说明恐惧和勇气的关系，进一步说明两者的关系。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。IshouldhavebeenstartingthesecondyearofmyPhD.___21___,Iwasatmyparents’house,recentlydischargedfromthehospital.Ihadbeenreadyforthefailuresofgraduateschool—experimentsfundingproposals,evenclasses.ButIwascaught___22___whenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIfacedadifferenttypeof___23___.Ifelt___24___orwornout,everymorning.Myappetitedecreased.Thenextfewmonths,Ivisitedthe___25___often.Mydoctorstoldmetofocuscompletelyonmy___26___forthenext6monthsandtorest.Ihadnevertakena(n)___27___before.Ifeareditwouldbeseenasasignof___28___.Mostofall,IfearedIwouldsimplybe___29___bytheadvisersIdesperatelywantedrecognitionfrom.However,Iknewthisleaveofabsencewas____30____,forIwasn’treadyto____31____myschool.WhenI____32____tomyPhDafter6months,Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.Istillneededtomeetdoctorsandchangedmedicationscountlesstimes.MyPhDjourneywillbea____33____one,withmoretimeawayfromthesis(论文)workthanmost.I’m____34____though.Overthepastyear,I____35____withotherswhoalsotooktimeawayduringgraduateschool.Hearingtheirstories,IlearnedthataleaveofabsenceisperfectlyOK,nomatterwhatthereason.21.A.Plus B.Therefore C.Besides D.Instead22.A.firmly B.randomly C.occasionally D.unexpectedly23.A.challenge B.glory C.adventure D.potential24.A.exhausted B.lonely C.excited D.confused25.A.school B.hospital C.gym D.company26.A.academy B.performance C.health D.value27.A.trip B.break C.examination D.alarm28.A.guilt B.selfishness C.boredom D.weakness29.A.forgotten B.tended C.recommended D.replaced30.A.essential B.normal C.permanent D.casual31.A.speedup B.giveup C.takeup D.breakup32.A.referred B.returned C.reported D.adjusted33.A.thrilling B.nervous C.slow D.significant34.A.embarrassed B.upset C.hopeful D.honest35.A.played B.competed C.celebrated D.connected【答案】21.D22.D23.A24.A25.B26.C27.B28.D29.A30.A31.B32.B33.C34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在读博第一年，身体出现了问题，不得不暂时休息半年。虽恐惧，但最终能平和地接受事实，也慢慢地了解到请假并不是什么问题。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我在父母家，最近刚出院。A.Plus而且，加上；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides另外；D.Instead相反。根据空前的“IshouldhavebeenstartingthesecondyearofmyPhD.（我应该从博士二年级开始。）”和“Iwasatmyparents’house,recentlydischargedfromthehospital.（我在父母家，刚出院。）”可知，作者本应该开始读博的第二年。然而，作者却待在父母家，因为刚刚出院。故选D。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，在第一年的中途，我遇到了另一种挑战，这让我很意外。A.firmly强而有力地；B.randomly随机地；C.occasionally偶然，偶尔；D.unexpectedly未料到地。根据空前的“Ihadbeenreadyforthefailuresofgraduateschool—experiments,fundingproposals,evenclasses.ButIwascaught”可知，作者已经做好了心理准备会在实验、资助提案，甚至课程方面失败。然而却是生病影响了作者的学业。由此可知，作者面临了意想不到的挑战。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在第一年的中途，我遇到了另一种挑战，这让我很意外。A.challenge挑战；B.glory光荣；C.adventure冒险；D.potential潜力，可能性。根据空前的“whenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIfacedadifferenttypeof”可知，作者已经做好了心理准备会在实验、资助提案，甚至课程方面失败。然而却是生病影响了作者的学业。由此可知，作者面临了意想不到的挑战。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我都感到疲惫不堪。A.exhausted精疲力尽的；B.lonely孤单的；C.excited感到兴奋的；D.confused困惑的。根据下文“orwornout”可知，每天早上，作者都感到疲劳。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个月，我经常去医院。A.school学校；B.hospital医院；C.gym体育馆；D.company公司。根据下文“Mydoctors”可知，在接下来的几个月里，作者经常去医院。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的医生告诉我在接下来的6个月里要完全关注我的健康，并且要休息。A.academy专科院校；B.performance表演；C.health健康；D.value价值。根据空前后的“Mydoctorstoldmetofocuscompletelyonmy___6___forthenext6monthsandtorest.”可知，医生告诉作者在接下来的六个月里需要完全专注健康、休息。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前从来没有休息过。A.trip旅行；B.break课间，休息；C.examination检查；D.alarm警报。根据下文“Ifeareditwouldbeseenasasignof___8___.”推知，作者以前从来没有休过假。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我担心这会被视为软弱的表现。A.guilt内疚；B.selfishness自私自利；C.boredom厌烦；D.weakness虚弱，软弱。根据上文的“forthenext6monthsandtorest.”可知，作者担心休假会被视为软弱的表现。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我担心自己会被那些我迫切希望得到认可的顾问们遗忘。A.forgotten忘记；B.tended倾向于；C.recommended推荐；D.replaced替代。根据空前后“Mostofall,IfearedIwouldsimplybe___9___bytheadvisersIdesperatelywantedrecognitionfrom.”可知，最重要的是，作者担心自己会被那些他迫切希望得到他们认可的导师们遗忘。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我知道这次休假是必要的，因为我还没有准备好放弃我的学校。A.essential必不可少的；B.normal正常的；C.permanent永久的；D.casual随便的，休闲的。根据空前后的“However,Iknewthisleaveofabsencewas___10___,forIwasn’treadyto___11___myschool.”可知，尽管如此，作者知道这次休假是必要的，因为作者不想放弃学业。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我知道这次休假是必要的，因为我还没有准备好放弃我的学校。A.speedup加速；B.giveup放弃；C.takeup拿起，开始从事；D.breakup打碎，结束。根据下文“Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.”推知，作者不想放弃学业。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我6个月后回到我的博士学位时，我不得不重新学习我的项目，以及如何成为一名研究生。A.referred参考；B.returned归还，返回；C.reported报道；D.adjusted调整。根据空后“tomyPhDafter6months,Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.”可知，六个月之后，作者重返学校攻读博士学位。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的博士之旅将是一个缓慢的过程，比大多数人都有更多的时间不用写论文。A.thrilling令人激动的；B.nervous紧张不安的；C.slow慢的；D.significant显著的，有意义的。根据空后“withmoretimeawayfromthesis(论文)workthanmost.”可知，作者因为生病而花在论文上的时间少了，由此可推知作者的博士之旅将是一个缓慢的过程。故选C。34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过我还是抱有希望的。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.upset烦恼的；C.hopeful充满希望的；D.honest诚实的。根据空前的“withmoretimeawayfromthesis(论文)workthanmost.”和空后的“though.”可知，不过作者还是满怀希望。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，我结识了一些同样在读研期间抽出时间的人。A.played玩；B.competed竞争，比赛；C.celebrated庆祝；D.connected连接。根据空后的“withotherswhoalsotooktimeawayduringgraduateschool.”可知，这一年来，作者和一些在学习期间也因各种原因而休假了一段时间的同学取得了联系。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheFanjingshanWorldHeritagepropertyislocatedinSouth-WestChina,___36___(cover)atotalareaof40,275hectares(公顷),fullysurroundedbyabufferzoneof37,239hectares.Fanjingshanislocatedinamonsoonal(季风的)climaticcontextand___37___(be)animportantsourceofwaterforthesurroundinglandscapesandbeyond,withsome20riversand___38___(stream)feedingtheWujiangandYuanjiangRiversystems,bothof___39___runintotheYangtzeRiver.The___40___(high)peak,MtFenghuangshan,hasaheightof2,570mabovesealevel.Fanjingshanisanislandofrockinaseaofkarstandishome___41___manyancientplantandanimalspecieswhich___42___(originate)intheTertiaryPeriod,between65millionand2millionyearsago.___43___totalof3,724plantspecieshavebeenrecordedintheproperty,an___44___(impress)13%ofChina’stotalflora(植物群).FanjingshanistheonlyhabitatintheworldforFanjingshanFirandGuizhouSnub-nosedMonkey,aswellas64plantand38animalspeciesthatarelistedasglobally____45____(threaten).【答案】36.covering37.is38.streams39.which40.highest41.to42.originated43.A44.impressive45.threatened【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梵净山世界遗产。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：梵净山世界遗产位于中国西南部，总面积40275公顷，被37239公顷的缓冲区完全包围。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，因cover和逻辑主语TheFanjingshanWorldHeritageproperty为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填covering。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。由and连接的谓语动词is可知，此处应为be动词的三单形式。故填is。【38题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。由空前some以及and连接的rivers为名词复数形式可知，此处也应为名词复数形式。故填streams。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。分析句子可知，此处为bothof后接关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词theWujiangandYuanjiangRiversystems在从句中作主语成分。故填which。【40题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：最高峰凤凰山海拔2570米。根据句意以及空前定冠词The可知，此处为形容词最高级形式。故填highest。【41题详解】考查固定短语。句意：梵净山是喀斯特海洋中的一个岩石岛，是许多古代动植物物种的家园，这些物种起源于6500万至200万年前的第三纪。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语behometo“为……的所在地”，满足句意要求。故填to。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：梵净山是喀斯特海洋中的一个岩石岛，是许多古代动植物物种的家园，这些物种起源于6500万至200万年前的第三纪。分析句子可知，此处为which引导定语从句中谓语动词的填入，结合从句intheTertiaryPeriod时间状语可知，此处动词应为过去时。故填originated。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：共有3724种植物被记录在案，占中国植物总数的13%。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语Atotalof“总数为，总共”，满足句意要求。故填A。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：共有3724种植物被记录在案，占中国植物总数的13%。由空后13%ofChina’stotalflora为名词短语可知，此处为形容词形式修饰该名词短语。故填impressive。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：梵净山是世界上唯一的梵净山冷杉和贵州金丝猴的栖息地，还有64种植物和38种动物被列为全球濒危