新课标2024高考英语一轮复习课时作业368-1Alandofdiversity新人教版选修8

PAGE1课时作业368-1AlandofdiversityⅠ.单句语法填空1．Shewas________(hire)onthestrengthofhercomputerskills.2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.3．Trump________(elect)asthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.4．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.5．Weshouldnothave________(race)discrimination.6．Iwishtobeconsideredasan________(apply)fortheposition.7．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．8．Thereisagreatdealofevidence________(indicate)thatlisteningtosoftmusiccanreducestress.9.________(apparent),theiPods,ifusedprobably,arehelpfultoourstudy,especiallytoourEnglishlistening.10．Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry________(reform)andopenedtotheoutsideworld30yearsago.答案1.hired2.prefer3.waselected4.to5.racial6．applicant7.punishment8.indicating9．Apparently10.reformedⅡ.选词填空takein，bymeansof，markout，keepup，teamupwith，makealife，applyfor，backtoback,liveon,agreatmany1．TheysettleddowninCanadaand________forthemselves.2．Ilistenedtothespeechcarefully,butIstillcouldn't________.3.________theInternet,wecankeepintouchbysendingemails.4．Mr.Brownsentanemailtothemanager,________ajobinthecompany.5．Theysat________alongtheriver.6．Avolleyballcourthadbeen________onthegrass.7．He________hisbrotherinthedoubles,whichdrewmuchattentionoftheaudience.8．Inmanycountries,youngpeoplestill________thetraditionthatwomenwillgetmarriedinalongwhitedress.9．Tomfoundthattherewere________peoplealreadythere.10．CancerclaimedthelifeofSteveJobsattheageof56,whosespiritwill________foreverinApple.答案1．madealife2.takein3.Bymeansof4．applyingfor5.backtoback6.markedout7．teamedupwith8.keepup9.agreatmany10．liveonⅢ.阅读理解A(2024年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox­setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande­readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving­roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon­demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment­friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.2．WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A．Toreducethecostofminerals.B．Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C．Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D．Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3．Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A．Thebox­setTV. B．Thetablet.C．TheLCDTV. D．Thedesktopcomputer.4．Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A．Stopusingthem. B．Takethemapart.C．Upgradethem. D．Recyclethem.答案与解析本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲解并描述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主见运用新电子设备。1．A观点看法题。依据文章第一段中的That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知，运用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。2．D细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbitt'steam探讨的目的是弄清晰这些设备用了多少电。故选D。3．B细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon­demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。4．A推理推断题。依据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止运用旧的电子设备。故选A。B(2024年高考·天津卷)There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint，cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn'tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re­createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D­printed，ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday'sbreadfromthesupermarket,you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime­consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh­endrestaurants.5．Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.6．Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?A．Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B．Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C．Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D．Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.7．AccordingtoParagraph4,3D­printedfood________．A．ismoreavailabletoconsumersB．canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials8．Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A．Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.9．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB．ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC．TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD．3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable答案与解析本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着很多方面的挑战。5．B推理推断题。依据文章Foodproduction中叙述了没有阅历的人可以用3D打印机做出困难的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印机打印出全部的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节约了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。6．D细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料)．可知，3D打印机可以运用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。7．B推理推断题。依据文章第四段Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.(食品打印可以让消费者打印定制养分的食物)，从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满意个人养分需求。故选B。8．C细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.可知，阻挡3D打印食物进一步广泛运用的缘由是原料必需是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很简单坏。故选C。9．A主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着很多方面的挑战。所以用标题3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology，故选A。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2024年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry__1__(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___2__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis__3__(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigsandcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___4__(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater__5__riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased__6__(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal__7__(globe)fertilizerconsumptio