2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3AhealthylifeSectionⅣUsingLanguage教师用书教案新人教版选修6

PAGE1-Unit3(老师用书独具)HIV/AIDS：AREYOUATRISK?HIVisavirus．Avirusisaverysmalllivingthingthatcausesdisease．Therearemanydifferentviruses，forexample，thefluvirusortheSARSvirus．HIVweakensaperson'simmunesystem；thatis，①thepartofthebodythatfightsdisease．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．ThisstageoftheillnessiscalledAIDS．IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchances②ofsurvivalareverysmall．人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危急？HIV(人体免疫缺损病毒)是一种病毒。病毒是一种可以引发疾病的微生物。它有很多种类，如流感病毒和SARS病毒。HIV病毒损害人体的免疫系统，也就是说使人体抗衡疾病的免疫功能减弱。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严峻受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。假如你发展成了艾滋病，生存的几率很小。[助读讲解]①thatis也就是(说)。②chance此处指“某事发生的可能性”。HIVisspreadthroughbloodorthefluidthatthebodymakesduringsex．Forapersontobecomeinfected③，bloodorsexualfluidthatcarriesthevirus，hastogetinsidethebodythroughbrokenskinorbyinjection．OnedayscientistswillfindacureforHIV/AIDS．Untilthathappens，youneedtoprotectyourself．Herearesomethingsyoucandotomakesureyoustaysafe④．HIV是通过血液或性交时产生的体液传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必需通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒和艾滋病的疗法的。在找到之前，你必需爱护你自己。你可以依据这里列举的一些留意事项去做，以确保自己平安。[助读讲解]③infectedadj．受感染的。④youcando是省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰somethings；youstaysafe是makesure的宾语从句。Ifyouinjectdrugs：·donotshareyourneedlewithanyoneelse．Bloodfromanotherpersoncanstayonorintheneedle．IfapersonhasHIVandyouusethesameneedle，youcouldinjectthevirusintoyourownblood．·donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．Bloodcouldhavespilt⑤onit．Ifyouhavesexwithamaleorafemale：·useacondom．Thiswillpreventsexualfluidpassing⑥fromonepersontoanother．假如你要注射药物：·不要同别人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。假如某人有HIV病毒，而你和他又用了同一个注射针，就有可能把别人的病毒注入到你的血液中来。·在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西，因为血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。假如你同男人或女人性交：·要运用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的体液从一个人传给另一个人。[助读讲解]⑤could/canhavedone可能会……，可能已经……。⑥prevent．．．(from)doingsth．制止/防止……做某事。ThefollowingstatementsareNOTtrue．·ApersoncannotgetHIVthefirsttimetheyhavesex．WRONG．IfonesexualpartnerhasHIV，theotherpartnercouldbecomeinfected．·Youcantell⑦bylookingatsomeonewhetherornottheyhaveHIV．WRONG．ManypeoplecarryingHIVlookperfectlyhealthy．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick．⑧·OnlyhomosexualsgetAIDS．WRONG．AnyonewhohassexwithapersoninfectedwithHIV/AIDSrisksgettingthevirus．Womenareslightlymorelikelyto⑨becomeinfectedthanmen．下列这些说法都是错误的：·初次性交的人不行能染上HIV病毒。错了。假如性交的某一方有了HIV病毒，另一方就有可能传染上。·你会说通过视察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。很多HIV病毒携带者看上去特别健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。·只有同性恋者才得艾滋病。错了。任何人同感染了HIV病毒的人性交，都有染上这种病毒的危急。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性略微大一些。[助读讲解]⑦tell此处意为“推断，辨别”。⑧此句为强调句。被强调部分为时间状语从句onlywhen．．．。⑨belikelytodo可能做……。·Ifyouhug，touchorkisssomeonewithAIDSorvisitthemintheirhome，youwillgetHIV/AIDS．B10WRONG．Youcanonlygetthediseasefrombloodorsexualfluid．Unfortunately，peoplewithHIVsometimeslosetheirfriendsbecauseofprejudice．ManypeopleareafraidthattheywillgetHIV/AIDSfromthoseinfectedwithHIV/AIDS．Forthesamereason，someAIDSpatientscannotfindanyonetolookafterthemwhentheyaresick⑪．·YoucangetHIV/AIDSfrommosquitoes．WRONG．Thereisnoevidenceofthis．·假如你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会从他们那里感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的体液染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的挚友。很多人担忧他们会从病毒携带者那儿染上HIV病毒，感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照看他们。·蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了，目前还没有证据证明这一点。[助读讲解]eq\o(○,\s\up3(10))Ifyouhug．．．，youwillget．．．，if引导条件状语从句。在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。⑪不定式短语tolookafterthem作目的状语，when引导时间状语从句。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P22教材课文，选择最佳答案Thepassagemainlytellsusabout．A．somecommonunderstandingaboutHIV/AIDSB．whatHIV/AIDSisandthewayoftransmittingC．waystoprotectourselvesD．thedefinitionofHIV/AIDS[答案]B其次步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P22教材课文，选择最佳答案1．WillyoubeinfectedwithAIDSbyhuggingapersonwithAIDS?A．No，bytouching．B．No，byvisiting．C．No，bykissing．D．No，bysharingneedles．2．Theword“homosexuals”inthethirdparagraphfromtheendmeans．A．peopleonlyattractedbythesamesexB．peoplewhodon'tcareaboutthemselvesC．peoplewhoareverysexyD．peoplewhooftenhavesex3．ApersonmaybeinfectedwithHIVthrough．A．blood B．sexualfluidC．injection D．alloftheabove4．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat．A．HIVisthesameasAIDSB．HIVisdifferentfromAIDSC．HIVweakensaperson'simmunesystemD．youcanhaveHIVinyourbloodforquitealongtime[答案]1－4DADB第三步研读——实力升华接轨高考依据P22教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HIVisavirusthat1．weakens(weaken)aperson'simmunesystem．YoucanhaveaHIVinyourbloodforalongtime．However，2．eventually(eventual)itwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuch3．thatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．Thisstageoftheillness4．iscalled(call)AIDS．So5．far，almosteveryonewhohasdevelopedAIDShasdied．HIVisspreadthroughbloodorthefluidthat/which6．carries(carry)thevirus．Thevirusgetsinsidethebodythrough7．broken(break)skinorbyinjection．8．Certainly(certain)，scientistswillfindacure9．forHIV/AIDSoneday．Butbeforethathappens，youneed10．toprotect(protect)yourself．Ⅰ．单词拼法依据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Theforeignchildisawkward(笨拙的)withhischopsticks．2．Itisclearthatthechairmanisnotsatisfiedwiththeforeigner'sprejudice(偏见)．3．It'sillegal(非法的)toreadotherpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission．4．Thereisusuallyanappendixatthebackofthebook．5．Thewholefamilywasgratefulfortheson'ssurvivalintheearthquake．6．Havingswallowedthosepills，thepatientfeltmuchbetter．Ⅱ．拓展词汇依据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．legaladj．合法的→illegaladj．不合法的；违法的2．survivevt．&vi．幸存；幸免于难→survivaln．幸存3．maleadj．男性的；雄性的n．男人；雄性动(植)物→femaleadj．女性的；雌性的n．女人；雌性动(植)物4．embarrassvt．使尴尬；使窘迫；使担忧→embarrassingadj．令人担忧的；让人尴尬的；令人尴尬的→embarrassmentn．尴尬；尴尬→embarrassedadj．尴尬的；陷入逆境的Ⅲ．补全短语依据提示补全下列短语1．atrisk 境况危急；遭遇危急2．inspiteof 不顾；不管3．outofbreath 上气不接下气4．getinto 陷入；染上(坏习惯)5．takerisks/arisk 冒险6．makeupone'smind 下定决心Ⅳ．选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Inspiteofthebadweather，wewentfishingyesterday．2．Iranallthewaytothetheaterandwasoutofbreath．3．IhavemanyfactstothinkaboutbeforeImakeupmymind．4．Thegirlhasgotintothehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading．背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严峻受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。so．．．that．．．引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”Hespokesoloudlythateveryoneintheroomheardhim．他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。2．Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西。while后接分词短语构成省略句，省略了主语和be动词。Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes，whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival．人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特别食品。3．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick．只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。强调句型Itis．．．that．．．Asforpresents，itisthethoughtthatcountsratherthanhowmuchitcosts．至于礼物，重要的是心愿而不是花钱多少。inspiteof不顾；不管；尽管(教材P20)Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed．尽管他很努力还是失败了。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inspiteof＋n.,despite＋n.,regardlessof＋n.))不管；不顾eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inspiteofthefactthat...,although/though＋从句))虽然；尽管①Tobehonest，inspiteofmygoodpreparation，IfeltalittlenervouswhenIwasenteringtheexamroom．说实话，尽管我打算得很充分，但是当我走进考场的时候还是有些惊慌。②IstudiedveryhardatEnglishinspiteofthefactthatIdidn'tpasstheexamination．＝IstudiedveryhardatEnglishalthough/thoughIdidn'tpasstheexamination．尽管那次考试我没有及格，我依旧努力地学习英语。③Wewentoutinspiteof/despitetherain．＝Wewentoutalthough/thoughitwasraining．尽管下着雨，我们还是出去了。takerisks/takearisk冒险(教材P20)Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks．他觉得每一步他都不得不下定决心而不是冒险。(1)atrisk 处于危急之中atallrisks＝atanyrisk 无论冒什么风险attheriskof．．． 冒……的危急take/runtheriskofdoingsth． 冒险做某事；冒做某事的危急/风险putone'slifeatrisk 冒生命危急(2)riskdoingsth． 冒险做某事riskone'slifetodosth． 冒着生命危急做某事①Aswithalldiseases，certaingroupswillbemoreatriskthanothers．全部的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更简单受到威逼。②Ididn'twanttotake/runtheriskofleaving(leave)Johnalone．我不想冒险把约翰单独留下。③Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisklosing(lose)thegoodjob．＝Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'ttake/runtheriskoflosingthegoodjob．他工作努力，因为他不想冒失去这么好的工作的风险。④Hejumpedintotheriverattheriskoflosinghislife．他冒着生命危急跳进了河里。getinto染上(坏习惯)；陷入(教材P20)Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace!当然应付这些毒品最好的方法就是从一起先就不应当染上这种习惯！getacross 通过；被传达；被理解getover 克服；从……中复原过来getthrough 接通；完成；通过getawaywith 干……而不受惩处getalong/onwith 进展；相处①Thismistakemaygethimintodifficulties．这一错误将使他陷入逆境。②Don'tattempttocheat—you'llnevergetawaywithit．别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。③Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers．微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在生疏人中找到挚友。④Thebusinessisgettingalong/onverywell．生意进行得很不错。judgement(＝judgment)n．看法；判决；推断(教材P23)Beforeyoureadthistext，whatjudgementsdidyoumakeaboutpeoplewithHIV/AIDS?在你阅读本篇文章之前，你对感染人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病的人有什么评价？(1)inone'sjudgement 在……看来makeajudgement/judgementsabout/of/on．．． 对……作出推断(2)judgen． 法官；裁判v． 断定；推断；审判judge．．．by 依据……对……作出推断judgingfrom/by 依据……推断①Inmyjudgement，weshoulddoit．在我看来，我们应当做这件事。②Herefusedtomakeajudgementaboutthesituation．他拒肯定形势作出推断。③Judging(judge)fromhiswords，Icouldtellthathewashonest．依据他的话推断，我知道他是诚恳的。[名师点津]judgingfrom/by．．．置于句首作状语，v．­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有：generallyspeaking一般来说；considering．．．考虑到……。embarrassedadj．尴尬的；陷入逆境的；窘迫的(教材P24)ThensheofferedmeacigaretteandIfeltsoembarrassedandawkward．然后，她递给我一支烟，我感到如此难为情和尴尬。(1)be/feelembarrassedtodosth． 对做某事感到尴尬be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth． 对……感到难为情/不知所措(2)embarrassvt． 使尴尬；使局促担忧embarrassingadj． 令人尴尬的embarrassmentn． 尴尬；窘况①Ifeltsoembarrassedaboutmymistake．我为自己的错误感到难为情。②Hewasembarrassedtoadmit(admit)makingamistake．他很尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。③Hisspeechwasfollowedbyanembarrassing(embarrass)silence．他的讲话过后是一阵令人尴尬的缄默。④Muchtohisembarrassment(embarrass)，thecaptainmadeaduckineachinnings．队长在每一次击球时都是零分，这让他太尴尬了。[语境助记]Ihopedhewouldstopaskingawkwardquestionswhichreallymademeembarrassedonsuchaformaloccasion．Myfacehadalreadyturnedredwithembarrassment．在如此正式的场合，我希望他停止问这些让我尴尬担忧的麻烦问题。我早已经窘迫地脸都红了。(教材P22)YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严峻受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。【要点提炼】so．．．that．．．引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。(1)so．．．that．．．引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：①so＋adj．/adv．＋that．．．②so＋adj．＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that．．．③so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that．．．(2)such．．．that．．．也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：①such＋a/an＋adj．＋可数名词单数＋that．．．②such＋adj．＋复数名词或不行数名词＋that．．．①Hewassoworriedthatsweatbegantopourdownhisface．他很焦急，汗水沿着他的脸蛋直淌下来。②ThereweresomanycarsinthestreetthatIcouldn'tgetthrough．路上的车很多以至于我过不去。③ItissuchfineweatherthatIhavedecidedtogooutingwithmyfriends．天气真好，我确定和挚友们去郊游。④Itissointerestingabookthatallthechildrenarefondofit．＝Itissuchaninterestingbookthatallthechildrenarefondofit．＝Sointerestingabookisitthatallthechildrenarefondofit．(so置于句首倒装)这是一本特别好玩的书，以至于全部的孩子都喜爱它。(教材P22)Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西。【要点提炼】whileinjectingdrugs相当于whileyouareinjectingdrugs，为状语从句的省略。省略状语从句的条件when，while，before，after，unless，asif等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一样或状语从句中的主语为it状语从句谓语中含有be动词状语从句的省略成分省略从句中的主语和be动词①Inclass，we'dbettertryhardtofollowourteacherasmuchaspossiblewhile(weare)takingnotes．上课记笔记时，我们最好紧跟着老师(讲课)的步骤。②Whenever(itis)possible，theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions．只要有可能，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。[名师点津]省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则运用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则运用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则运用不定式。③Whensurfing(surf)ontheInternet，Ifoundthenews．当上网时，我发觉了这条消息。④Whenasked(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess，hesaidthatheowedmuc