2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：科技话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜当AI开始做实验，未来的科学家还会是人类吗？你能想象机器人“拿”着试管做实验吗？最近，卡内基梅隆大学正尝试将这一想象付诸实践：它将与一家初创公司合作，让人工智能走到实验台前，替科研人员完成部分工作。已经与人类生活方方面面紧密相连的人工智能，可以在科学实验领域担起什么样的责任？当人工智能走进科学，未来的科学家还会局限于人类吗？CarnegieMellon'sCloudLabtoAutomateLabor-IntensiveScienceExperimentsBySaraCastellanosCarnegieMellonUniversityisworkingwithstartupEmeraldCloudLabInc.tobuilda$40millionsciencelaboratorydesignedtoautomatelabexperimentswithroboticsandartificialintelligence.Thegoalistofreeuptheuniversity'sresearchers,includingchemists,biomedicalengineersandbiologists,todomoreofthecreativeanalysisandstrategicthinkingrelatedtothedevelopmentofnewmaterialsanddrugs.EmeraldCloudLab,afive-year-oldcompany,offersscientistsremoteaccesstoabout190differenttypesofscientificinstrumentsatitsSouthSanFranciscolab.MostoftheinstrumentsatCMU'sCloudLabwillemploymachine-learningtechniquesandanetworkofsensors.ThesensorswillgatherdatafromtheinstrumentsandAIalgorithmswillrunanalysis,suchasfiguringoutthevolumeofliquidinasample.AteamofCarnegieMellonUniversityresearchersisdevelopingAIsystemsforthemachinesthatcanautomaticallysuggestwaystocalibratetheequipmentforoptimaltests.Forexample,anAIsystemcouldsuggestthebestwaytopurifyamixtureofcompounds,andmachinesinthelabwouldcarryoutthoseinstructionsautomatically.Abroaderculturalshiftmustoccurbeforeautomationbecomeswidelyadoptedinscience,afieldthathastraditionallyreliedonmanualwork.Automationcanspeedupresearch,butthereisalearningcurveassociatedwiththeprocess.Researcherswillneedtoberetrainedtomakeitwork.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.automate[ˈɔːtəmeɪt]vt._______________________2.intensive[ɪnˈtensɪv]adj._______________________3.startup[ˈstɑːtʌp]n._______________________4.Inc.[ɪŋk]abbr._______________________5.chemist[ˈkemɪst]n._______________________6.biomedicalengineern._______________________7.biologist[baɪˈɒlədʒɪst]n._______________________8.instrument[ˈɪnstrəmənt]n._______________________9.employ[ɪmˈplɔɪ]vt._______________________10.calibrate[ˈkælɪbreɪt]vt._______________________11.optimal[ˈɒptɪməl]adj._______________________12.purify[ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ]vt._______________________13.compound[ˈkɒmpaʊnd]n._______________________14.instruction[ɪnˈstrʌkʃn]n._______________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.机器人和人工智能技术____________________________________________2.释放出来____________________________________________3.机器学习技术____________________________________________4.进行解析____________________________________________5.找到某事的答案____________________________________________6.学习曲线____________________________________________拓展练习阅读理解In“therepairshop”,aBritishtelevisionseries,craftsmen(工匠)mendfamilyheirlooms(传家宝)thatviewershavebroughttotheirworkshop.Theattractioncomesfromwatchingthemapplytheircrafttorestoretheseheirloomsandtheemotionalappealfromthetearsthatfollowwhentheownerispresentedwiththebeautifullyrestoredheirlooms.Perhapstheideaofcraftsmanshipisnotsimplynostalgic(怀旧的).InanewpaperintheAcademyofManagement,fiveacademicsexaminetheideaofcraftsasawayofremakingtheorganizationofwork.Theydefinecraftas“ahumanistapproachtoworkthatprioritizeshumanengagementovermachinecontrol”.Craftsrequiredistinctskills,anall-roundapproachtoworkthatinvolvesthewholeproductandanattitudethatnecessitatesdevotiontothejobandafocusonthecommunalinterest.Theconceptofcraftemphasizesthehumantouchandindividualjudgment.Essentially,thecraftsconceptseemstorunagainstthemanagementstudieswhichhavelongprioritizedefficiencyandconsistency.Therearetwopotentialmarketsforthosewhopractisecrafts.Thefirstcomesfromtheconsumerswhoarewillingtopayanextrapriceforgoodsconsideredtobeofextraquality.Thismarketstretchesallthewaydownfromdesignerfashionthroughcraftbeerstobakeriesofferingloavesmadebyhand.Thesecondmarketliesinthoseconsumerswhowishtousetheirpurchasestosupportlocalworkers,ortoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactbytakinggoodstocraftspeopletobemended,orrecycled.Forworkers,theappealofcraftsmanshipisthatitallowsthemtheautonomytomakecreativechoices,andthusmakesajobfarmoresatisfying.Inthatsense,itcouldofferhopefortheoveralllabormarket.Letthemachinesautomatedullandrepetitivetasksandletworkersfocuspurelyontheirskills,judgmentandimagination.Asacurrentexample,theacademicscitetheagilemanifesto(敏捷软件开发宣言)inthesoftwaresector,anindustryattheheartoftechnologicalchange.Thepioneersbehindtheoriginalagilemanifestopromisedtoprioritize“individualsandinteractionsoverprocessesandtools”.Bybringingtogetherexpertsfromdifferentteams,agileworkingisdesignedtoimprovecreativity.Butthebroaderquestioniswhethercraftscancreatealotmorejobsthantheydotoday.Demandforcraftedproductsmayrisebutwillitbeeasytoretrainworkersinsectorsthatmightgetautomated(suchastruckdrivers)totakeadvantage?Historyalsosuggeststhatthelinkbetweencraftsandcreativityisnotautomatic.Youngcraftsmenareexpectedtospendlongperiodsasjourneymenbeforetheycouldsetupontheirown;bythattimetheinnovativespiritmayhavebeenknockedoutofthem.Craftworkerscanthriveinthemodernera,butonlyiftheydon’tgettooorganized.9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcraft?A.Itemphasizestheimportanceofmarketing. B.Itslowstheexpansionofpotentialmarkets.C.Itgeneratesgreaterefficiencyandconsistency. D.Itrequirescomprehensiveunderstandingofwork.10.The“agilemanifesto”ismentionedtoshow________.A.thecompetitioninthelabormarket B.thebenefitofcraftsmanshiptoworkersC.theadvantageofmechanicalautomation D.theimportanceofsoftwareintechnologicalchange11.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorintendstoexpress________.A.anxietyoverthelossofcrafts B.concernfortheprospectofcraftsC.disappointmentwithcraftworkers D.expectationoftheriseincraftproduction12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEmotionalAppeal—CraftsandRestorationB.TheHumanistApproach—CraftsandInnovationC.TheHumanTouch—CraftsandtheFutureofWorkD.TheEfficiencyWar—CraftsandMass-producedProducts外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.automate[ˈɔːtəmeɪt]vt.使自动化2.intensive[ɪnˈtensɪv]adj.密集的3.startup[ˈstɑːtʌp]n.创业公司4.Inc.[ɪŋk]abbr.股份有限公司5.chemist[ˈkemɪst]n.化学家6.biomedicalengineern.生物医学工程师7.biologist[baɪˈɒlədʒɪst]n.生物学家8.instrument[ˈɪnstrəmənt]n.科学仪器，仪表；乐器；手段，工具9.employ[ɪmˈplɔɪ]vt.运用，使用；雇佣10.calibrate[ˈkælɪbreɪt]vt.调试11.optimal[ˈɒptɪməl]adj.最适宜的，尽可能优化的12.purify[ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ]vt.去除杂质13.compound[ˈkɒmpaʊnd]n.化合物14.in