2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：生态话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜在北美，鸟类在悄悄消失近日，一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类在近50年内减少了30亿，这一数字让众多生物学家瞠目结舌。大量减少的鸟类，既有珍稀物种，也有像知更鸟这样的家鸟。导致北美洲鸟类消失的原因有哪些？这又将对生态环境造成怎样的影响？Flighttoextinction:NorthAmericanbirdsarevanishingThespringhasneverbeenmoresilentandtheskiesneversodevoidofthesesmallmercies.Thatfamiliarchirpandcoomightaswellbeaswansong.ResearchershaveconfirmedthatthenumberofbirdsintheUSandCanadahasfallenby29percentsince1970,alossofnearly3billionbirdsintheNorthAmericacontinent.Thedeclinethreatensnotonlyrarespecies,butcommonbackyardbirdssuchasAmericanrobinsandhousesparrows,whoareslowlymakingtheirwaytowardstheexit,too.Over500speciesinNorthAmericaweresurveyedforthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Thecolossallossofavianpopulationsissquarelyattributedtohabitatloss,mechanizedagricultureandwideruseofpesticides.Birds’vitalrolesgobeyondtheirvastarrayofshapesandsounds.Theycontrolpests,pollinateplants,spreadseedsandtransformtheentirelandscape.Seabirds,inparticular,fertilizemarineecosystemsandkeepcoralreefsalive.Thedwindlingabundanceisonlypartofthedanger.It’smoreinsidiousthatpeoplenevernoticebirdsareshrinkingatsuchanexceptionalrate,andthusdonotactuponit.Theresearchmaywellbeanalert,butstill,itcouldbetoolatetorealizethatweneedthebirdsmorethantheyneedus.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.extinction[ɪk'stɪŋkʃən]n._______________________2.vanish['vænɪʃ]vi._______________________3.swansong['swɔnsɔŋ]n._______________________4.backyard[bæk'jɑːd]n._______________________5.survey[səˈveɪ]vt._______________________6.colossal[kə'lɒs(ə)l]adj._______________________7.avian['eɪvɪən]adj._______________________8.squarely['skweəlɪ]adv._______________________9.vital['vaɪt(ə)l]adj._______________________10.array[ə'reɪ]n._______________________11.pollinate['pɒlɪneɪt]vt._______________________12.fertilize['fɜːtəlaɪz]vt._______________________13.dwindle['dwɪnd(ə)l]vt._______________________14.insidious[ɪn'sɪdɪəs]adj._______________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.最……___________________________________2.毫无某物，完全没有某物___________________________________3.叽叽喳喳声___________________________________4下降了…___________________________________5.珍稀品种___________________________________6走向某地___________________________________7.归因于；归功于___________________________________8.超过，不止于___________________________________9.珊瑚礁___________________________________拓展练习阅读理解Birdsaretheonlyanimalswithfeathers,althoughsomeotheranimals,suchasinsectsandbats,alsohavewings.Nearlyallbirdscanfly,andevenflightlessbirds,suchasostriches(鸵鸟),penguins,evolvedfromflyingancestors.Birdsarefoundworldwideinmanyhabitats.Theycanflyoversomeofthehighestmountainsonearthaswellasbothoftheearth’spoles,divethroughwatertodepthsofmorethan250m,andoccupyhabitatswiththemostextremeclimatesontheplanet,includingarctictundra(冻土地带)andtheSaharaDesert.Certainkindsofseabirdsarecommonlyseenovertheopenoceanthousandsofkilometersfromthenearestland,butallbirdsmustcomeashoretoraisetheiryoung.Highlydevelopedanimals,birdsaresensitiveandresponsive,colorfulandgraceful,withhabitsthatexciteinterestandinquiry.Peoplehavelongbeenfascinatedbybirds,inpartbecausebirdsarefoundinthesamehabitatsinwhichhumanslive.Andlikepeople,mostspeciesofbirdsareactiveduringdaylighthours.Humansfindinspirationinbirds’capacityforflightandintheirmusicalcalls.Humansalsofindbirdsusefultheirfleshandeggsforfood,theirfeathersforwarmth,andtheircompanionship.Perhapsakeybasisforourfriendlinesswithbirdsisthesimilarityofoursensoryworlds:Bothbirdsandhumansrelymoreheavilyonhearingandcolorvisionthanonsmell.Birdsareusefulindicatorsofthequalityoftheenvironment,becausethehealthofbirdpopulationsmirrorsthehealthofourenvironment.Therapiddeclineinbirdspopulationsandtheacceleratingextinctionratesofbirdsintheworld’sforests,grassland,wetlands,andislandsarethereforereasonsforgreatconcern.21.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.AnimalswithFeathersandWingsB.OurfriendlinesswithbirdsC.AnintroductiontoBirdsD.Bird’slife22.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A.Bird’sfriendship B.Bird’shabitatsC.Bird’sraising D.Bird’senvironment23.WhichoffollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Bird’sflyingabilitiesandmusicalcallsinspirehumansgreatly.B.Birdsliveinthesamesurroundingsinwhichhumanslive.C.Bothbirdsandhumansrelymoreheavilyonhearingandsmellthanoncolorvision.D.Bird’sfleshandeggsforfood,bird’sfeathersforwarmth,andtheircompanionshipareusefultous.24.FromthetextitmayimplybutNOTstatethat__________.A.theenvironmentisbeingdamagedseriouslyB.ifyouwanttoraisebirds,youshouldpayattentiontoenvironmentC.theenvironmentaffectsthehumanbeingsD.birdpopulationsdecreaserapidly外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.extinction[ɪk'stɪŋkʃən]n.灭绝2.vanish['vænɪʃ]vi.消失3.swansong['swɔnsɔŋ]n.天鹅之歌4.backyard[bæk'jɑːd]n.后院5.survey[səˈveɪ]vt.调查6.colossal[kə'lɒs(ə)l]adj.巨大的7.avian['eɪvɪən]adj.鸟的，鸟类的8.squarely['skweəlɪ]adv.直接地，完全地，毫无疑问地9.vital['vaɪt(ə)l]adj.至关重要的10.array[ə'reɪ]n.大批11.pollinate['pɒlɪneɪt]vt.对……授粉12.fertilize['fɜːtəlaɪz]vt.使变得肥沃13.dwindle['dwɪnd(ə)l]vt.减少14.insidious[ɪn'sɪdɪəs]adj.棘手的，狡猾的【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.haveneverbeen+比较级最……2.