2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读 疫情变异话题 学案

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜奥密克戎，是否会成为新冠疫情拐点？来势汹汹的新冠变异病毒奥密克戎，虽然传染性极强，传播速度极快，然而感染后的重症病例却显著下降。奥密克戎是否意味着疫情拐点的到来？这波感染相较之前有什么不同的表现？AfterOmicron,ThisPandemicWillBeDifferentByWilliamHanageOmicronisreallygoodatinfectingpeopleanddoingitfast.Sofast,infact,thatbythetimeyoureadthis,chancesarethatcaseshavealreadyreachedapeakinyourneighborhood.Omicron’sextraordinaryspreadislikelytohaveimportantconsequencesforthefutureofthepandemic.Byinfectinglargenumbersofpeoplequickly,it’salsogeneratingimmunityquickly.AndthatcountstowardmakingCovid-19amoremanageableillness,sincethelayersofimmunitymayprovideprotectionagainstfuturewavesandvariants.Everyexposure,whethertothevirusoravaccine,reducesthelikelihoodofsevereillnessonsubsequentones.That’sbecauseeachtimeourimmunesystems“see”thespikeproteinsontheoutsideofthecoronavirus,whichisthetargetforallthevaccinesinuse,theygetbetteratrespondingtothem.Infectionsgetlesssevere,onaverage,overtimenotjustbecausethevirusischangingbutalsobecauseourbodiesaregettingbetterathandlingit.NooneshouldconfidentlyassertthatOmicronsignalstheendofthepandemic,butweshouldbeconfidentthatfuturesurgesofinfections,whetherwithOmicronorwhatevervariantcomesnext,willmakefewerofusseriouslyillthantheywouldhavebefore.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.extraordinary[ɪkˈstrɔːdnri]adj._________________________2.generate[ˈdʒenəreɪt]vt._________________________3.exposure[ɪkˈspəʊʒə]n._________________________4.severe[sɪˈvɪə]adj._________________________5.signal[ˈsɪɡnəl]v._________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.通过很快地做A事，也让B事很快_________________________2.计入_________________________3.提供对某事的防御和保护_________________________4.某事发生的可能性_________________________拓展练习阅读理解PeoplewithararegeneticdisorderknownasPrader-Willisyndromeneverfeelfull,andthisexcesshungercanleadtolife-threateningobesity(肥胖症).Scientistsstudyingtheproblemhavenowfoundthatthefist-shapedstructureknownasthecerebellum(小脑)--whichhadnotpreviouslybeenlinkedtohunger--iskeytoregulatingsatiation(饱食)inthosewiththiscondition.Thisfindingisthelatestinaseriesofdiscoveriesrevealingthatthecerebellum,longthoughttobeprimarilyinvolvedinmovementharmony,also

playsabroadroleincognition,emotionandbehavior.“We’veopenedupawholefieldofcerebellarcontroloffoodintake,”saysAlbertChen,aneuroscientistattheScintillonInstituteinCalifornia.Theprojectbeganwithanaccidentalobservation:Chenandhisteamnoticedtheycouldmakemicestopeatingbyactivatingsmallpocketsofneurons(神经元)inregionsknownastheanteriordeepcerebellarnuclei(aDCN),withinthecerebellum.Fascinated,theresearchersgathereddatausingfunctionalMRItocomparebrainactivityin14peoplewhohadPrader-Willisyndromewithactivityin14unaffectedpeoplewhileeachtesteeviewedimagesoffood--eitherimmediatelyfollowingamealorafterfasting(禁食)foratleastfourhours.NewanalysisofthesescansrevealedthatactivityinthesameregionsChen’sgrouphadaccuratelypointedoutinmice,theaDCN,appearedtobesignificantlydisturbedinhumanswithPrader-Willisyndrome.Inhealthyindividuals,theaDCNweremoreactiveinresponsetofoodimageswhilefastingthanjustafterameal,butnosuchdifferencewasidentifiableinparticipantswiththedisorder.TheresultsuggestedthattheaDCNwereinvolvedincontrollinghunger.Furtherexperimentsonmice,conductedbyresearchersfromseveraldifferentinstitutions,demonstratedthatactivatingtheanimals’aDCNneuronsdramaticallyreducedfoodintakebyweakeninghowthebrain’spleasurecenterrespondstofood.Foryearsneuroscientistsstudyingappetitefocusedmainlyeitheronthehypothalamus,abrainareainvolvedinregulatingenergybalance,oronreward-processingcenterssuchasthenucleusaccumbens(伏隔核).Butthisgrouphasidentifiedanewfeedingcenterinthebrain,saysElanorHinton,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandwhowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy.“I’vebeenworkinginappetiteresearchforthepast15yearsorso,andthecerebellumhasjustnotbeenatarget,”Hintonsays.“IthinkthisisgoingtobeimportantbothforPrader-Willisyndromeand,muchmorewidely,toaddressobesityinthegeneralpopulation.”32.Beforetherecentstudy,scientistshadassumedthatthecerebellum________.A.helpscontroleverydayfoodintakeB.playsaminorroleinmovementharmonyC.hasnothingtodowithappetiteregulationD.hasadirectlinktobehavioraldevelopment33.Accordingtotheprojectconductedbytheresearchers,________.A.thehealthytesteesweremorelikelytoovereatafterfastingB.foodimagesincreasedtheappetiteofthetesteeswithPrader-WillisyndromeC.theaDCNinthehealthytesteesrespondedtofoodimagesmoreactivelyafterfastingD.theaDCNinthetesteeswithPrader-Willisyndromemadenoresponsetofoodimages34.WhatdoesElanorHintonimplyaboutfutureappetiteresearch?A.ItmayhelpintheearlydiagnosisofPrader-Willisyndrome.B.Itwillhavebroaderimplicationsforthetreatmentofobesity.C.Thepotentialfeedingcenterinhumanbrainremainstobediscovered.D.Morestudiesareneededtounderstandthelinkbetweenappetiteandreward-processing.35.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Howourbraincontrolsovereating.B.HowtheaDCNworksupourappetite.C.HowPrader-Willisyndromecanbeprevented.D.Howloweringfoodintakebenefitsouroverallhealth.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.extraordinary[ɪkˈstrɔːdnri]adj.意想不到的；非凡的2.generate[ˈdʒenəreɪt]vt.产生3.exposure[ɪkˈspəʊʒə]n.曝光；接触4.severe[sɪˈvɪə]adj.十分严重的，极其恶劣的5.signal[ˈsɪɡnəl]v.标志【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对