2019高考英语一轮选练习题Unit2TheUnitedKingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5

Unit2TheUnitedKingdom李仕才一、阅读理解ASeveralpaniesinEurope,theUSandAsiahavedecidedtochangeoneoftheprocessesofmakingchocolateandnolongerroastthecacaobeans.TheyinsistthatgrowersinAfricaandSouthAmericaleavethemoutdoorstodrynaturallyinstead.Theresultingproductiscalled“raw”chocolate.Producersclaimthatavoidingexposuretooventemperaturesallowsthepreservationofnutrientssuchasiron,zinc,copperandvitaminC．It'salsoclaimedthatuncookedcacaocontainshigherlevelsofantioxidants(抗氧化物)thanroastedcacaousedinmostchocolate.“Overthelast10years,consumershavebeemoreinvolvedintheirfoodanddrink，”saysKrisMcGowan,whorunstheRawChocolatepany.“Theycarealotmoreaboutitshealthyqualitiesandchocolateisnoexception.”ButMartinSchweizer,professorofbiochemistryatHeriot­WattUniversity,urgescautionondescribingrawchocolateasasuperfooduntilmoreresearchiscarriedout.“Wehavetolookatthisinmoredepth.Theresearchisatafairlyearlystage.”Thereareconcernsthatnotheatingthemtoabout150℃couldmeananincreaseinbacteria.However,producersinsistthat,asnoanimalproductsareinvolved,thereisnogreaterriskthanwhendealingwithvegetablessuchascarrotsorlettuces.JenniferEarle,awriteronchocolate,isunconvincedbyitontastegrounds.“It'sthequalityofthecacaothatmakesadifference,notwhetherthechocolateis‘raw’ornot，”shesays.“Andifyou'retalkingabouthealth,I'drathereatsometop­qualityordinarychocolateandhaveaplateofvegetablesafterwards.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。许多生产商在制作巧克力时不再对可可豆进行加热烘干，并宣称这样做可以保护可可豆中的营养物质，但是一些研究人员对此有不同的看法。【长难句分析】However,producersinsistthat,asnoanimalproductsareinvolved,thereisnogreaterriskthanwhendealingwithvegetablessuchascarrotsorlettuces.(第五段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句，作insist的宾语；在宾语从句中含有as引导的原因状语从句。译文：然而，生产者坚持认为，因为没有涉及动物制品，所以不加热到150℃时的风险与处理胡萝卜和生菜这类蔬菜时存在的风险一样小。1．ChocolatebeangrowersinAfrica________.A．drythebeansoutdoorsnaturallyB．roastthebeansatalowtemperatureC．cookthebeansinpotsinsteadofinovensD．storethebeanswithuncookedvegetables答案与解析：A考查细节理解。【关键句】TheyinsistthatgrowersinAfricaandSouthAmericaleavethemoutdoorstodrynaturallyinstead.(第一段第二句)译文：他们坚称非洲和南美的种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，非洲的可可豆种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。故选A。2．Producersofrawchocolateclaimthat________.A．itcanfightbacteriaB．itisveryeco­friendlyC．itpreservesmorenutrientsD．itcontainslessantioxidants答案与解析：C考查细节理解。【关键句】Producersclaimthatavoidingexposuretooventemperaturesallowsthepreservationofnutrientssuchasiron,zinc,copperandvitaminC．(第二段第一句)译文：生产商称不在烤炉上烘焙可可豆可以让可可豆保持其原有的营养，例如铁、锌、铜和维生素C。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，生巧克力的生产商声称不烘焙可可豆所生产出的生巧克力可以保留更多营养物质。故选C。3．JenniferEarle,thewriteronchocolate,thinksthat________.A．roastedcacaoiscleanerB．rawchocolateishealthierC．rawchocolatetastesbetterD．cacaoqualitymattersmore答案与解析：D考查细节理解。【关键句】“It'sthequalityofthecacaothatmakesadifference,notwhetherthechocolateis‘raw’ornot，”shesays.(最后一段第二句)译文：她说：“重要的是可可豆的质量，而不是巧克力是‘生’的还是不‘生’的。”【解题思路】根据关键句可知，JenniferEarle认为可可豆的质量更重要。故选D。4．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．notmuchresearchhasbeendoneonrawchocolateB．rawchocolatehasbeethemostpopularvarietyC．childrenfacetherisksfrombacteriawheneatingrawchocolateD．allconsumershaveturnedtorawchocolateforhealthconcerns答案与解析：A考查推理判断。【关键句】“Wehavetolookatthisinmoredepth.Theresearchisatafairlyearlystage.”(第四段第二、三句)译文：“我们还需要对此做更深入的研究。这个研究还处于一个相当初级的阶段。”【解题思路】根据关键句可知，对生巧克力的研究还处于初级阶段，由此可推断，针对生巧克力的研究还没有做。故选A。BIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight. AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,＂Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.＂TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight. BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes( Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight. Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbeingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,apoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.1.Thepassageismainlyforthose_________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight2.Theunderlinedphrase＂inmoderation＂inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.excitedly B.carefully C.frequently D.properly3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbeingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。1.B【解析】推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有 喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。2.D【解析】猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D 项同义，故选D。4.C【解析】推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点， 故选C。二、七选五(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理学家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness.__1__ScientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebondingLatelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn'tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengers—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.__2__Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedwithoursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服务员)reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).__3__Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedwiththeexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.__4__Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.__5__.A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B．Butdon'tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.C．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedtohappiness.D．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.E．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.F．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”.G．Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.【文章大意】'本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。1．答案与解析：B根据上文的“Inonestudy，researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness”和下文的“Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding”可知，此处表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。2．答案与解析：D根据下文的“Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。3．答案与解析：A根据下文的“chatwithgallerygoers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。4．答案与解析：G根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。5．答案与解析：F根据上文的“Butpeoplewhowereconsideredcurious'needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。三、短文改错Friendshipisveryimportanttoeveryone,especiallytome.Now,IwouldliketodescribeoneofmybestfriendswhosenamearePetou.ThefirstreasonwhyIconsiderhimasmybestfriendisbecausehehasaverywarmpersonality.Healwayssmilepolitelyatme,makemeabsolutelydelightedwhenImeethim.What’smore,honestishisgoodmanner—heneverliesme.Inaddition,heisthecaringandpassionatefriend.He’swillingtohelpmewheneverIhaveintrouble.ThesecondreasonisthatPetouisreallyexcellently.Heexcelsateverysubject,whichmakesmeadmirehimverymuch.Tosummarize,Petouhasaverygoodpersonality.Besides,hehasagreatabilitytohelpotherfriendsandhim.Ireallylikehim.答案：第二句：are→is第三句：because→that第四句：smile→smiles;make→making第五句：honest→honesty;lies后加to第六句：the→a第七句：去掉in第八句：excellently→excellent第十一句：him→me四、语法填空(2018·江西名校联盟检测)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu，__1__(especial),hashadagreateffect__2__themillionsofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymayetoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother__3__(aspect)ofthisculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe__4__(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare__5__mixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenasit__6__(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthesfromtheideas__7__(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichbuiltupontheideasofaneven__8__(much)ancientperiodcod