中考英语-基础知识归纳梳理-第一节-动词类单词词组辨析复习

动词类单词、词组辨析★1.accept，receive【解析】receive通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而accept则指主动地“接收”。附：receive也可表“接收”，如receive/getabettereducation“接收更加好教育”。【举例】Wehaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.我们很久没有收到他来信了。Sheofferedhimaliftandheaccepted(it).她请他坐她车，他领情了。第1页【应用】()1.OnmytwentiethbirthdayI______severalgifts.A.getB.acceptedC.receivedD.took()2.Hecouldn’t______oursuggestionsbutourgifts.AcceptB.receiveC.acceptedD.expected()3.Hedidnot______agoodeducationatuniversity.A.acceptB.receiveC.receivedD.got()4.She______hispresent，butshedidn’t______it.A.accepted;receiveB.received;acceptC.receives;acceptD.accepts;receivedCABB第2页★2.advise，suggest【解析】二者都是动词，都表示“向……提议”。初中阶段常考两个句型：advisesb.(not)todo提议某人(别)做；suggest(sb.)doing提议(某人)做。【举例】Iadvisedhimnottogoalone.我劝他不要一个人去。Isuggestedgoinghomeatonce.我提议马上回家。【应用】()1.Thedoctoradvisedme______.tosmokeB.smokingC.don’tsmokeD.nottosmokeD第3页()2.Hesuggested______awalkwithGrandma.A.tookB.totakeC.takingD.metotake()3.Thehusbandsuggested______tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim______uptheidea.A.moving;givingB.tomove;togiveC.moving;togiveD.tomove;givingCC第4页★3.agreewith，agreeto【解析】agree意为“同意”，其反义词为disagree。(1)agreewithsb./sth.表示“同意某人或某人意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)”。(2)agreetosth.后接提议、计划、安排(suggestion，advice，plan，arrangement)等，意为“同意某事”。(3)agreetodosth.(此时to是不定式符号，后接动词原形组成不定式)，意为“同意做某事”。第5页【举例】Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你(意见)。Heagreedtotheplan/thedate.他同意了这个计划/日期。Weagreedtoleaveearly.我们同意早点出发。【应用】()1.Doyouthinkhewill______mysuggestion？A.agreetoB.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith()2.Herparentsboth______whatshesaid.A.agreetoB.agreedwithC.agreewithD.agreedto()3.Iagree______swimmingtomorrow.A.togoB.togoingC.withgoD./ABA第6页★4.beableto，can【解析】二者都表示“能；会”，后面都接动词原形。beableto有些人称、时态及数改变，能够用于任何时态。而can没有些人称或数改变，但有一个过去时形式could，相当于was/wereableto，也能够表示现在能力，相当于is/am/areableto。注意：beableto能够用于不定式；当表示过去经过努力终于做成了某事时要用beableto，而不能用can；表猜测用can,不用beableto。第7页【举例】IwasabletospeakthreedialectswhenIwaslittle.我很小时候就会讲三种方言。(句中wasableto能够用could代替)Shehopeshersonwillbeabletobethekingwhenhegrowsup.她希望她儿子长大后能成为国王。Couldtheboy/Wastheboyabletorideahorseattheageoffive？那个男孩五岁时会骑马吗？Thomascan/isabletoanswerthisquestion.托马斯能够回答这个问题。第8页【应用】()1.Theywill______tellyouthenewssoon.A.abletoB.beabletoC.canD.areableto()2.—You______usemydictionary.—Thankyou.A.canB.areabletoC.wereabletoD.could()3.Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Who_____itbeA.isabletoB.couldC.canD.can’tBAC第9页()4.I______swimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.A.amabletoB.couldC.wasabletoD.canableto()5.—CouldIborrowyourpen—Sure,you______.A.canB.couldC.can’tD.areabletoCA第10页★5.borrow，lend，keep【解析】(1)borrow意为“借进”，borrowsth.fromsb./sw.表示“向某人/从某处借入某物”。(2)lend意为“借出”，是borrow反义词，lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.表示“借出某物给某人”。(3)keep意为“保留；借”，borrow，lend表示“借”是短暂性，而keep表示是连续性。keepsth.＋时间段表示“借某物多长时间”，惯用于完成时态。第11页【举例】IseldomborrowmoneyfromothersbecauseIshouldtrytosupportmyself.我极少借他人钱因为我应该努力自食其力。MybrotherlenthisdictionarytoSusanthisafternoon./MybrotherlentSusanhisdictionarythisafternoon.今天下午我哥哥(弟弟)把字典借给了苏珊。—HowlongcanIkeepthismagazine？这本杂志我能借多久？—Youcankeepitfortwoweeks.你能够借用两周。第12页【应用】()1.Youcan______myiPodforfourdays.A.lendB.borrowC.keepD.get()2.Thanksfor______methemoney.A.borrowingB.lendingC.keptD.lent()3.Joseph______hisguitartoBettylastFriday.A.lentB.lendedC.borrowsD.kept()4.Daisy______abookfromhercousinandshehas______itforthreeweeks.A.borrowed;lentB.borrowed;keptC.lent;keptD.lends;borrowedCBAB第13页★6.die，dead，death，dying【解析】(1)die是瞬间动词，意为“死；死去”，指死那一刻。(2)dead是形容词，意为“死”，在句中能够充当定语或表语。(3)death是名词，意为“死亡”。(4)dying可作die现在分词，也可作形容词，意为“奄奄一息；濒临死亡”。【举例】Hisfatherdiedlastweek.上周他父亲逝世了。Hefoundadeadbirdinthegarden.他在花园里发觉一只死鸟。第14页Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他祖父逝世已经有两年了。(注：bedead能够与时间段连用，die则不能够。此句若用die改写则为：Hisgrandpadiedtwoyearsago.他祖父两年前往世了。)Shecriedoutafterknowingherhusband’sdeath.得知她丈夫死讯后她失声痛哭。Thedyingmanwassavedbyakind-heartedlady.那个奄奄一息男人被一位好心女士救了。Ithinkhisdogisdying.我认为他狗快要死了。【应用】()1.Thinkingofthe______ofmygrandfather，Ifeelverysad.A.deadB.dieC.deathD.diedC第15页()2.Whocansavethe______dog？A.deadB.dyingC.diedD.die()3.Thepoorman______lastnight.A.wasdeadB.isdyingC.deadD.died()4.Thecathas______fortwodays.A.diedB.beendiedC.beendeadD.isdeathBDC第16页★7.diefrom，dieof【解析】diefrom和dieof均表示“因……而死”，所接宾语均表示死亡原因。详细使用时，dieof指死于(疾病,感情,饥寒等)本身原因；diefrom普通指死于(事故,外伤等)外部原因。若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有原因，则用of，from均可。【举例】Mr.Liudiedfromanearthquake.刘先生死于地震。Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.如今很多人死于癌症。第17页【应用】()1.MissLin______hearttroublelastspring.A.diedofB.diedfromC.diedoutD.dieddown()2.Unfortunately,thelittleboy______afeveratlast.A.diedoutB.diedofC.diedinD.diedfrom()3.Eachyear,manypeople____trafficaccidents.A.diefromB.dieofC.dieoutD.diedownABA第18页★8.getto，arrivein/at，reach【解析】三者均可表示“抵达”。get表“抵达”时是不及物动词，后接表示地点名词时要与介词to连用，即“getto＋place”。arrive表“抵达”时也是不及物动词，后接地点名词时要借助介词in或at，arrivein＋大地点，arriveat＋小地点。reach表“抵达”时是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点词。注意：(1)get，arrive后接表示地点副词(如here，there，home等)时，不需要任何介词作为媒介。(2)抵达地点在句中没有出现时，只能单独使用arrive。第19页【举例】—Whattimewillthelasttraingettotheterminalstation？末班火车几点抵达终点站？—At23：00.23点。SamisayoungstudentnewlyarrivesinEnglandfromNewZealand.山姆是一个从新西兰首次来到英格兰年轻学生。Finally，thetravelersarrivedatthesmallhotelforthenight.最终，旅客们抵达了小旅馆并在那里过了夜。ThetirewentbrokenwhenthetruckreachedthevillageofPicton.卡车抵达皮克顿村时，轮胎爆了。第20页Whenthemothergothome，thechildrenwereshoutingatthetopoftheirvoice.当母亲到家时，孩子们正在扯着嗓门高声喊叫。—Whendidyouarrive？你什么时候到？—Threedaysago.三天前(到)。【应用】()1.Sadlywe______thefactoryfiveminuteslate.A.gotB.arrivedinC.reachD.arrivedatD第21页()2.Whendidhe______homeyesterday？A.arrivedB.gettoC.reachD.gets()3.Whatwereyoudoingwhenthesandstorm______？A.arrivedB.reachedC.gottoD.arrivedin()4.Thekiteisinthetree,canyou______itA.gettoB.arriveatC.reachD.reachinCAC第22页★9.happen，takeplace【解析】二者都可表示“发生”。happen意为“意外、偶然、未能预见地发生”，常见搭配有sb.happentodosth.“某人恰巧做某事”和sth.happentosb./sth.“某事意外发生在某人/某事身上”。takeplace意为“按事先计划或有预谋地发生/举行”。附：与happen搭配往往是accident，crash，earthquake，tsunami(海啸)等；与takeplace搭配往往是murder，sportsmeeting，party，celebration，marriage等。另外，happen,takeplace往往不用于被动语态。第23页【举例】IhappenedtomeettwoforeignersfromArgentinaonthemountainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我恰巧在山上遇见了两位来自阿根廷外籍人士。Cindylooksupsetthesedays.Whathappenedtoher？辛迪这几天看起来很沮丧，她怎么了？AhorriblemurdertookplaceonJuly22，.年7月22号发生了一起可怕谋杀案。【应用】()1.Whendidtheearthquake______？A.takeplaceB.happenC.happeningD.tookplaceB第24页()2.In1919，theMay4thMovement______inChina.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.willhappenD.wastakingplace()3.Greatchanges______inthetownsince1998.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace()4.I______toseehimonmywayhome.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.happeningD.takeplaceAAB第25页★10.havebeento，havebeenin，havegoneto【解析】(1)have/hasbeento强调“曾经去了某个地方，此时人已经不在那里了”，后常接次数，如once，twice，threetimes等，也可和just，never，ever等连用。(2)have/hasbeenin表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与时间段状语for.../since...ago等连用。(3)have/hasgoneto强调“去了某个地方”，现在人可能在去途中或已经在那个地方了，总之不在说话者处，上下文中往往出现Whereissb.？/Haveyouseensb.recently？/sb.willbebackin...之类暗示语。注意：当它们后面接表示地点副词here，there，home等词时，要省略介词in，to。第26页【举例】MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingtwice.我父亲去过北京两次。IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已经有三年了。—WhereisJim？吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英国了。You’veneverbeentherebefore，haveyou？你从来没有去过那里，是吗？第27页【应用】()1.He______Beijing.Hewillcomebackintendays.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgoneto()2.—Howmanytimeshaveyou______Paris？—Onlyonce.A.beeninB.gonetoC.gotoD.beento()3.—Howlonghaveyou______thiscity？—Formorethantenyears.A.stayinB.beeninC.beentoD.cometo()4.—Longtimenosee.Wherehaveyou______？—IwasonatriptoAustralia.A.beenB.gonetoC.goneD.comefromDDBA第28页★11.hearof，hearabout，hearfrom【解析】hearof与hearabout意思相近，这两个词组在英语中有时能够通用。hearof意为“听说过，听到；提起某事”，直接指其对象。hearabout意为“听到/得知关于某人或某事消息”，比hearof知道得更详细、详细。hearfrom通常接表示人名词或代词，意为“收到……信；收到……电报；得到……消息”。【举例】Ihaveneverheardofhimsinceheleft.自从他离开后，我再没听到过他消息。I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我刚听说他生病事。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehetelephoned.自从那次他来电话后，我一直没有收到过他来信。第29页【应用】()1.I’vejust______hispromotion.A.hearaboutB.heardfromC.hearofD.heardabout()2.Wedon’tknowthesinger，andwe’venever______her.A.heardofB.hearaboutC.he